Modified atmosphere packaging and controlled atmosphere storage

Environmentally Friendly Technologies for Agricultural Produce Quality

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 61-112

  Ben Yeoshua, Shimshon ^a   Beaudry, Randolph M ^b   Fishman, Svetlana ^a   Jayanty, Sastry ^b   Mir, Nazir ^c  

^a VOLCANI CENTER   (Israel)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c EPL Flexible Packaging Inc ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85121491664     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (190)

1. Abdi, N., W.B. McGlasson, P. Holford, M. Williams, and Y. Mizrahi. 1998. Responses of climacteric and suppressed-climacteric plums to treatment with propylene and 1- methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 14:29-39.
2. Agusti, M., V. Almela, M. Juan, F. Alferez, F.R. Tadeo, and L. Zacarias. 2001. Histological and physiological characterization of rind breakdown of ‘Navelate’ sweet orange. Ann. Bot. 88:415-422.
3. Aharoni, Y. and G.J. Stadelbacher. 1973. The toxicity of acetaldehyde vapor to postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables. Phytopathology 63:544-545.
4. Aharoni, Y., A. Apelbaum, and A. Copel. 1986. Use of reduced atmospheric pressure for control of the green peach aphid on harvested head lettuce. HortScience 21(3):469-470.
5. Alferez, F. and L. Zacarias. 2001. Postharvest pitting in Navel oranges at non-chilling temperature:influence of relative humidity. Acta Hort. 553(1):307-308.
6. Alvarez, A.M. 1979. Effects of hypobaric storage on quality and disease incidence of papaya fruits. Phytopathology 69 (9):1020.
7. Alvarez, A.M. 1980. Improved marketability of fresh papaya by shipment in hypobaric containers. HortScience 15 (4):517-518.
8. Anon. 2003. Fresh-cut sales of retail produce approaching $4 billion a year. Fresh Cut, Nov. 2003, Columbia Pub. and Design, Yakima, WA (http://www.freshcut.com.).
9. Apelbaum, A. and R. Barkai-Golan. 1977. Spore germination and mycelial growth and sporulation of some pathogenic fungi under hypobaric conditions. Phytopathology 67:400-403.
10. Bai, J.-H., R.A. Saftner, A.E. Watada, and Y.S. Lee. 2001. Modified atmosphere maintains quality of fresh-cut cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). J. Food Sci. 66:1207-1211.
11. Baldwin, E.A. 1994. Edible coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables: past, present, and future, p. 25-64. In: J.M. Krochta, E.A. Baldwin, and M.O. Nisperos-Carredo (Eds.), Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality. Technomic, Lancaster, PA.
12. Beaudry, R.M. 1993. Effect of carbon dioxide partial pressure on blueberry fruit respiration and respiratory quotient. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 3:249-258.
13. Beaudry, R.M. 1999. Effect of O2 and CO2 partial pressure on selected phenomena affecting fruit and vegetable quality. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15:293-303.
14. Beaudry, R.M. 2000. Responses of horticultural commodities to low oxygen: limits to the expanded use of modified atmosphere packaging. Hort. Technology 10:491-500.
15. Beaudry, R.M. and C.D. Gran. 1993. Using a modified-atmosphere packaging approach to answer some postharvest questions: factors affecting the lower oxygen limit. Acta Hort. 362:203-212.
16. Beaudry, R.M., A.C. Cameron, A. Shirazi, and D.L. Dostal-Lange. 1992. Modified-atmosphere packaging of blueberry fruit: effect of temperature on package O2 and CO2. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:436-441.
17. Beaudry, R.M., E.R. Uyguanco, and T.M. Lennington. 1993. Relationship between tissue and headspace ethanol levels of blueberry fruit and carrot roots in LDPE packages, p. 87-94. In: G. Blanpied, J. Bartsch, and J. Hicks (Eds.), Proc. Sixth Int’l Controlled Atmosphere Research Conf., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
18. Ben-Yehoshua, S. 1969. Gas exchange, transpiration and the commercial deterioration of stored orange fruit. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94:524-526.
19. Ben-Yehoshua, S. 1985. Individual seal-packaging of fruit and vegetables in plastic film - a new postharvest technique. HortScience 20:32-37.
20. Ben-Yehoshua, S. 2001. Developing a novel environmentally friendly microbiocidal formulation from peel of citrus fruit. Patent under examination.
21. Ben-Yehoshua, S. and B. Aloni. 1974. Effects of water stress upon ethylene production by detached leaves of Valencia oranges. Plant Physiol. 53:863-865.
22. Ben-Yehoshua, S. and D. Nahir. 1977. Seal-packaging of comestibles with high density polyethylene. Israel Patent, No. 52177.
23. Ben-Yehoshua, S. and V. Rodov. 2003. Transpiration and water stress, p. 111-159. In: J. Bartz and J.K. Brecht (Eds.), Postharvest Physiology and Pathology of Vegetables. Marcel Decker, Inc., New York.
24. Ben-Yehoshua, S., B. Shapiro, and I. Kobiler. 1982. New method of degreening lemons by a combined treatment of ethylene-releasing agents and seal packaging in high-density polyethylene film. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:365-368.
25. Ben-Yehoshua, S., B. Shapiro, and R. Moran. 1987b Individual seal packaging enables the use of curing at high temperatures to reduce decay and heal injury of citrus fruits. HortScience 22:777-783.
26. Ben-Yehoshua, S., B. Shapiro, Y. Gutter, and E. Barak. 1987a. Comparative effects of applying imazalil by dipping or by incorporation into the plastic film on decay control, distribution and persistence of this fungicide in seal-packaging Shamouti oranges. J. Plastic Film Sheeting 3:9-22.
27. Ben-Yehoshua, S., B. Shapiro, Z. Even-Chen, and S. Lurie. 1983. Mode of action of plastic film in extending life of lemon and bell pepper fruit by alleviation of water stress. Plant Physiol. 73:87-93.
28. Ben-Yehoshua, S., D. Fang, V. Rodov, and S. Fishman. 1995a. New developments in modified atmosphere packaging (Part 1). Plasticulture 106:29-38.
29. Ben-Yehoshua, S., D. Fang, V. Rodov, and S. Fishman. 1995b. New developments in modified atmosphere packaging (Part 2). Plasticulture 107:33-40.
30. Ben-Yehoshua, S., I. Kobiler, and B. Shapiro. 1979. Some physiological effects of delaying deterioration of citrus fruits by individual seal-packaging in high density polyethylene film. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104:868-872.
31. Ben-Yehoshua, S., I. Kobiler, and B. Shapiro. 1981. Effects of cooling versus seal-packaging with high density polyethylene on keeping qualities of various citrus cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:536-540.
32. Ben-Yehoshua, S., J. Peretz, R. Moran, B. Lavie, and J.J. Kim. 2001b. Reducing the incidence of superficial flavedo necrosis (noxan) of ‘Shamouti’ oranges (Citrus sinensis, Osbeck). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 22:1, 19-27.
33. Ben-Yehoshua, S., J. Perzelan, and V. Rodov. 2001a. Control of water condensation and effect of perforation of the plastic film on the spoilage of fresh produce. Second International Conference on Fresh-Cut Produce, 13-14 Sept. 2001. Chipping Campden, UK. Organizer:Brian Day.
34. Ben-Yehoshua, S., S. Fishman, D. Fang, and V. Rodov. 1994. New developments in modified atmosphere packaging and surface coatings for fruits, p. 250-260. In: Postharvest Handling of Tropical Fruits, Proc ACIAR no. 50. International Conf., Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1993.
35. Ben-Yehoshua, S., S.P. Burg, and R. Young. 1985. Resistance of citrus fruit to mass transport of water vapor and other gases. Plant Physiol. 79:1048-1053.
36. Ben-Yehoshua, S., V. Rodov, S. Fishman, and J. Peretz. 1998. Recent developments in modified-atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables: reducing condensation of water in bell peppers and mangoes, p. 495-504. In: S. Ben-Yehoshua (Ed.), CIPA, Proceedings of International Congress for Plastics in Agriculture, May 1997, Tel Aviv, Israel. Laser Pages Publishing Ltd., Israel.
37. Ben-Yehoshua, S., V. Rodov, S. Fishman, J. Peretz, R. De la Asuncion, P. Burns, J. Sornsrivichai, and T. Yantarasri. 1996. Perforation effects in modified-atmosphere packaging:model and applications to bell pepper and mango fruits, p. 143-162. In: C. Frisina, K. Mason, and J. Faragher (Eds.), Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference, 18-22 Sept. 1995, Melbourne, Australia. Inst. for Hort. Development, Knoxfield, Victoria, Australia.
38. Ben-Yehoshua. S., Aviram, C., and Barkai-Golan, R. 1967. Rate of deterioration of lettuce kept under different storage conditions simulating export in refrigerated shops. Sikumeem 80:121-123 Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel (in Hebrew).
39. Berard, J.E. 1821. Memoire sur la maturation des fruits. Ann. Chim. Phys. 16:152-183, 225-251.
40. Blackman, F.F. and P. Parija. 1928. Analytic studies in plant respiration. I. The respiration of a population of senescent ripening apples. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 103:412-445.
41. Blankenship, S.M. and J.M. Dole. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28:1-25.
42. Bramlage, W.J. and S. Meir. 1990. Chilling injury of crops of temperate origin. p. 37-49. In:C.Y. Wang (Ed). Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
43. Briston, J.H. 1984. Plastic Films. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
44. Brown, W. 1922. On the germination and growth of fungi at various temperatures and in various concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Ann. Bot. 36:257-283.
45. Burg, S.P. 2004. Postharvest physiology and hypobaric storage of fresh produce. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
46. Burg, S.P. and E.A. Burg. 1965. Gas exchange in fruits. Plant Physiol. 18:870-884.
47. Burg, S.P. and E.A. Burg. 1967. Molecular requirements for the biological activity of ethylene. Plant Physiol. 42:114-152.
48. Burton, W.G. 1982. Postharvest Physiology of Food Crops. Longman, London.
49. Cameron, A.C. 2003. Modified-atmosphere packaging of perishable horticultural commodities can be risky business. Acta Hort. 600:305-310.
50. Cameron, A.C. and S.F. Yang. 1982. A simple method for the determination of resistance to gaseous diffusion in plant organs. Plant Physiol. 70:21-29.
51. Cameron, A.C., B.D. Patterson, P.C. Talasila, and D.W. Joles. 1993. Modeling the risk in modified-atmosphere packaging: a case for sense-and-respond packaging, p. 95-102. In; G. Blanpied, J. Bartsch, and J. Hicks (Eds.), Proc. Sixth International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conf., NRAES-71, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
52. Cameron, A.C., P.C. Talasila, and D.J. Joles. 1995. Predicting the film permeability needs for modified-atmosphere packaging of lightly processed fruits and vegetables. Hort-Science 30:25-34.
53. Cameron, A.C., R.M. Beaudry, N.H. Banks, and M.V. Yelanich. 1994. Modified-atmosphere packaging of blueberry fruit: modeling respiration and package oxygen partial pressures as a function of temperature. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:534-539.
54. Cameron, A.C., W. Boylan-Pett, and J. Lee. 1989. Design of modified atmosphere packaging systems: modelling oxygen concentrations within sealed packages of tomato fruits. J. Food Sci. 54:1413-1416, 1421.
55. Clarke, R. and C.P. De Moor. 1997. The future in film technology: a tunable packaging system for fresh produce, p. 68-75. In: J. Gorny (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 5: Freshcut fruits and vegetables and MAP. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 19, University of California, Davis, CA.
56. Cohen, E., B. Shapiro, Y. Shalom, and J.D. Klein. 1994. Water loss: a nondestructive indicator of enhanced cell membrane permeability of chilling-injured citrus fruits. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:983-986.
57. Cook, R.L. 1992. The U.S. fresh produce industry: an industry in transition. p. 5-31. In: A.A. Kader (ed.). Postharvest technology of horticultural crops. Univ. California Agric. Nat. Resources Publ. 3311.
58. Crocker, W. 1948. Growth of plants. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York.
59. Dauny, P. and D. Joyce. 2002. 1-MCP improves storability of ‘Queen Cox’ and ‘Bramley’ apple fruit. HortScience 37:1082-1085.
60. Day, B.P.F. 2001. Modified atmosphere packaging of fresh fruit and vegetables - an overview. Acta Hort. 553:585-590
61. de Wild, H.P.J., E.C. Otma, and H.W. Peppelenbos. 2003. Carbon dioxide action on ethylene biosynthesis of preclimacteric and climacteric pear fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 54:1537-1544.
62. Dilley, D.R. 1977. Application of the hypobaric system for storage and transportation of perishable agricultural commodities, p. 135-149. In: Second Annual World Fair for Technology Exchange, Feb. 7-11, 1977. First World Congress for Technology Transfer.
63. Dilley, D.R. 1990. Historical aspects and perspectives of controlled atmosphere storage, p. 187-196. In: M. Calderon and R. Barkai-Golan (Eds.), Food Preservation by Modified Atmospheres. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
64. Dostal-Lange, D.L. and R.M. Beaudry. 1991. The effects of modified atmosphere packaging and temperature on postharvest storage life of three high bush blueberry cultivars. HortScience 23:742.
65. Emond, J.P., F. Castaigne, C.J. Toupin, and D. Desilets. 1991. Mathematical modeling of gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. Trans. ASAE 34:239-245.
66. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. 1-Methylcyclopropene: exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Fed. Reg. 67:48796-48800.
67. Fan, X., J.P. Mattheis, and S.M. Blankenship. 1999b. Development of apple superficial scald, soft scald, core flush, and greasiness is reduced by MCP. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:3063-3068.
68. Fan, X., S.M. Blankenship, and J.P. Mattheis. 1999a. 1-Methylcyclopropene inhibits apple ripening. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 124:690-695.
69. Fife, J.M. and V.L. Framptom. 1935. The effect of cabon dioxide upon the pH and certain nitrogen fractions of sugar-beet plant. J. Biol. Chem. 109:643-655.
70. Fishman, S., Ben-Yehoshua, S., and V. Rodov. 1998. Dynamics of carbon dioxide concentration in modified-atmosphere packages, p. 505-512. In: S. Ben-Yehoshua (Ed.), CIPA Proceedings of International Congress for Plastics in Agriculture, Tel Aviv, Israel, May 1997. Laser Pages Publishing Ltd., Israel.
71. Fishman, S., V. Rodov, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1996a. Mathematical model for perforation effect on oxygen and water vapor dynamics in modified-atmosphere packages. J. Food Sci. 61:956-961.
72. Fishman, S., V. Rodov, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1996b. Postharvest life of fruit and vegetables:model of modified-atmosphere packages with film perforations and water condensation on the film. Acta Hort. 416:129-137.
73. Fishman, S., V. Rodov, J. Peretz, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1995. Model for gas exchange dynamics in modified-atmosphere packages of fruits and vegetables. J. Food Sci. 60:1078-1083, 1087.
74. Flodin, C., J.H. Bower, and B.D. Patterson. 1999. Oxygen permeance: a method applied to modified atmosphere packages containing fresh plant foods. Packag. Technol. Sci. 12:185-191.
75. Gasser, F., D. Dätwyler, K. Schneider, W. Naunheim, and E. Hoehn. 2003. Effects of oxygen decreasing levels in the storage atmosphere on the respiration of Idared apples. Acta Hort. 600:189-192.
76. Geeson, J.D. and K.M. Brown. 1979. Effect of post-harvest fungicide drenches on stored winter white cabbage. Plant Pathol. 28:161-168.
77. Golding, J.B., D. Shearer, S.G. Wyllie, and W.B. McGlasson. 1998. Application of 1-MCP and propylene to identify ethylene-dependent ripening processes in mature banana fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 14:127-132.
78. Goodliffe, J.P. and J.B. Heale. 1977. Factors affecting the resistance of cold-stored carrots to Botrytis cinerea. Ann. Appl. Biol. 87:17-28.
79. Gorny, J.R. 1997. A summary of CA and MA requirements and recommendations for freshcut (minimally-processed) fruits and vegetables, p. 30-66. In: J. Gorny (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 5: Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables and MAP. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 19. University of California, Davis, CA.
80. Grierson, W. and W. F. Wardowski. 1978. Relative humidity effects on the postharvest life of fruits and vegetables. HortScience 15:570-574.
81. Hagenmaier, R.D. and P.E. Shaw. 1992. Gas permeability of fruit coating waxes. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:105-109.
82. Hamilton-Kemp, T.R., C.T. MacCracken, J.H. Loughrin, R.A. Anderson, and D.F. Hildebrand. 1992. Effect of some natural volatile compounds on the natural pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. J. Chem. Ecol. 18:1083-1091.
83. Hansen, E. 1957. Reactions of Anjou pears to carbon dioxide and oxygen content of the storage atmosphere. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69:110-115.
84. Hansen, T.K. 1991. Firm says it wants out of Summerfield’s Project. The Packer, Nov. 23.
85. Hardenburg, R.E., A.E. Watada, and C.Y. Wang. 1986. The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 (revised), 136 pp.
86. Harvey, R.B. 1925. Artificial ripening of fruits and vegetables. Minn. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bull. 247, 36 pp.
87. Harvey, R.B. 1927. Chemical ripening of fruits and vegetables. Chem. Bull. 14:101, 125-126.
88. Herner, R.C. 1987. High CO2 effects on plant organs, p. 239-253. In: J. Weichman (Ed.), Postharvest Physiology of Vegetables, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
89. Hertog, M.L.A.T.M., H.W. Peppelenbos, R.G. Evelo, and L.M.M. Tijskens. 1998. A dynamic and generic model of gas exchange of respiring produce: the effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide and temperature. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 14:335-349.
90. Hirata, T., Y. Makino, Y. Ishikawa, S. Katusara, and Y. Hasegawa. 1996. A theoretical model for designing a modified atmosphere packaging with a perforation. Trans. ASAE 39:1499-1504.
91. Idler, L. 1993. Employment of CA on board seagoing vessels in porthole containers, p. 262-291. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Controlled Atmos. Res. Conf. NRAES-71, Vol. 1, NRAES, Ithaca, NY.
92. Idler, L. 1997. Overview of controlled atmosphere transportation in containers, p. 2-10. In:J.F. Thompson and E. Mitcham (Eds.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 1: CA technology and disinfestation studies. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 15, University of California, Davis.
93. Jacxens, F., L. Devlieghere, C. Van der Steen, I. Siro, and J. Debevere. 2003. Application of ethylene adsorbers in combination with high oxygen atmospheres for the storage of strawberries and raspberries. Acta Hort. 600:311-318.
94. Joles, D.W. 1993. Modified-atmosphere packaging of raspberry and strawberry fruit: characterizing the respiratory response to reduced O2, elevated CO2 and changes in temperature. MS Thesis, Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing, MI.
95. Joles, D.W., A.C. Cameron, A. Shirazi, P.D. Petracek, and R.M. Beaudry. 1994. Modifiedatmosphere packaging of ‘Heritage’ red raspberry fruit: respiratory response to reduced oxygen, enhanced carbon dioxide, and temperature. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:540-545.
96. Jurin, V. and M. Karel. 1963. Studies on control of respiration of McIntosh apples by packaging methods. Food Tech. 17:104-108.
97. Kader, A.A. 1997. A summary of CA requirements and recommendations for fruits other than apples and pears, p. 1-36. In: A. Kader (Ed.), CA’97 Proceedings, Vol. 2: Fruits other than apples and pears. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 17, University of California, Davis, CA.
98. Kader, A.A. and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 2000. Effects of superatmospheric oxygen levels on postharvest physiology and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 20:1-13.
99. Kader, A.A., D. Zagory, and E.L. Kerbel. 1989. Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 28:1-30.
100. Kawada, K. and H. Kitagawa. 1988. Plastic-film-packaged-storage of citrus and some other fruits in Japan, p. 1555-1565. In: R. Goren and K. Mendel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixth International Citrus Congress, March 6-11, 1988, Tel Aviv, Israel. Balaban Publishers, Philadelphia/Rehovot.
101. Kays, S.J. 1997. Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Products. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
102. Kidd, F. and C. West. 1914. The controlling influence of carbon dioxide in the maturation, dormancy, and germination of seeds. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B 87:408-421.
103. Kidd, F. and C. West. 1927. A relation between the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, rate of respiration, and length of storage of apples. Food Investigation Bd. Rpt. London 1925, p. 41-42.
104. Kidd, F. and C. West. 1945. Respiratory activity and duration of life of apples gathered at different stages of development and subsequently maintained at constant temperature. Plant Physiol. 20:467-504.
105. Ku, V.V.V. and R.B.H. Wills. 1999. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the storage life of broccoli. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 17:127-132.
106. Kupferman, E. 1997. Controlled atmosphere storage of apples, p. 1-30. In: E.J. Mitcham (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 3: Apples and Pears. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 16, University of California, Davis, CA.
107. Lafuente, M.T. and J.M. Sala. 2002. Abscisic acid levels and the influence of ethylene, humidity and storage temperature on the incidence of postharvest rindstaining of ‘Navelina’ orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2002, 25:1, 49-57.
108. Lakakul, R., R.M. Beaudry, and R.J. Hernandez. 1999. Modeling respiration of apple slices in modified-atmosphere packages. J. Food Sci. 64:105-110.
109. Lange, D.L. 2000. New film technologies for horticultural products. HortTechnology 10:487-490.
110. Lau, O.L. 1990. Efficacy of diphenylamine, ultra-low oxygen, and ethylene scrubbing on scald control in ‘Delicious’ apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:959-961.
111. Leepipattanawit, R., R.M. Beaudry, and R.J. Hernandez. 1997. Control of decay in modifiedatmosphere packages of sliced apples using 2-nonanone vapor. J. Food Sci. 62:1043-1047.
112. Lentz, C.P., L. Van den Berg, E.G. Jorgensen, and R. Sawler. 1971. The design and operation of a jacketed vegetable storage. Can. Inst. Food Technol. J. 4:19-23.
113. Lichter, A., O. Dvir, E. Fallik, S. Cohen, R. Golan, Z. Shemer, and M. Sagi. (2002). The cracking potential of cherry tomatoes in solution. Postharvest Biol. and Technol. 26:305-312.
114. Lidster, P.D., G.D. Blanpied, and R.K. Prange. 1990. Controlled-atmosphere disorders of commercial fruits and vegetables. Ag. Canada Pub. 1847/E, Ottawa, Ont., 58 p.
115. Little, C.R., J.D. Faragher, and H.S. Taylor. 1982. Effects of initial low oxygen stress treatments in low oxygen modified atmosphere storage of Granny Smith apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:320-323.
116. Lougheed, E.C. 1987. Interactions of oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature, and ethylene that may induce injuries in vegetables. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:975-978.
117. Lurie, S. and N. Aharoni, 1998. Modified atmosphere storage of stone fruits, p. 536-541. In:S. Ben-Yehoshua (Ed.), CIPA, Proceedings of International Congress for Plastics in Agriculture, May 1997, Tel Aviv, Israel. Laser Pages Publishing Ltd., Israel.
118. Malcolm, G. 1993a. Design of advanced technology controlled atmosphere systems for refrigerated shipping vessels, p. 314-332. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Controlled Atmos. Res. Conf. NRAES-71. Vol. 1. NRAES, Ithaca, NY.
119. Malcolm, G. 1993b. Impact of advanced air separation technology on controlled atmosphere equipment markets, p. 307-313. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Controlled Atmos. Res. Conf. NRAES-71, Vol. 1. NRAES, Ithaca, NY.
120. Mannapperuma, J.D., D. Zagory, R.P. Singh, and A.A. Kader. 1989. Design of polymeric packages for modified atmosphere storage of fresh produce, p. 225-233. In: J.K. Fellman (Ed.), Proc., Fifth Int. Controlled Atmosphere Research Conf., Vol. 2 -Other Commodities and Storage Recommendations, June 14-16, 1989.
121. Mastalerz, J.W. 1969. Chapter 20. Low temperature dry storage. In: J.W. Mastalerz and Langhans, R.W. (eds). Roses. A manual on the culture, management, diseases, insects, economics and breeding of greenhouse roses. Pennsylvania Flower Growers, New York State Flower Grower’s Association, Inc., and Roses Incorporated.
122. Mattheis, J., D. Buchanan, and J. Fellman. 1998. Volatiles emitted by ‘Royal Gala’ apples following sequential atmosphere storage. Acta Hort. 464:201-206.
123. Mayer, A.M. and E. Harel. 1979. Polyphenol oxidases in plants. Phytochemistry 18:193-215.
124. Mazar, A. 1990. On the significance of the early Bronze III circles building at Beth Yerah, p. 123-135. In: M. Weinfeld (Ed.), Annals for Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Study. Newman Publication House, Jerusalem.
125. Mellenthin, W.M., P. Chen, and S.B. Kelly. 1980. Low oxygen effects on dessert quality, scald prevention, and nitrogen metabolism of ‘d’Anjou’ pear fruit during long-term storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105:522-527.
126. Meredith, J. 1973. The humifresh system: design and operating experience. ASHRAE Publ. CH-73-7:29-34.
127. Mir, N., M. Wendorf, R. Perez, and R.M. Beaudry. 1997. Variable quenching in apple during storage is a function of O2, p. 162-167. In: E. Mitcham (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 2: Apples and pears. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 16, University of California, Davis, CA.
128. Mir, N.A., E. Curell, N. Khan, M. Whitaker, and R.M. Beaudry. 2001. Harvest maturity, storage temperature, and 1-MCP application frequency alter firmness retention and chlorophyll fluorescence of ‘Redchief Delicious’ apple fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125:618-624.
129. Mizutani, Y. 1989. Microporous polypropylene sheets. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 32:221-227.
130. Morris, L.L. and H. Platenius. 1939. Low temperature injury to certain vegetables after harvest. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 36:609-613.
131. Nakano, R., E. Ogura, Y. Kubo, and A. Inaba. 2003. Ethylene biosynthesis in detached young persimmon fruit is initiated in calyx and modulated by water loss from the fruit. Plant Physiol. 131:276-286.
132. Nakano, R., S. Inoue, Y. Kubo, and A. Inaba. 2002. Water stress-induced ethylene in the calyx triggers autocatalytic ethylene production and fruit softening in ‘Tonewase’ persimmon grown in a heated plastic-house. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 25:293-300.
133. Nobel, P.S. 1983. Biophysical Plant Physiology and Ecology. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
134. Patterson, B.D. and A.C. Cameron. 1991. Modified-atmosphere packaging. Australian Provisional Patent Application No. PK6567, filed 6 June 1991. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), B. Patterson; and Michigan State University, A.C. Cameron. International Patent Application No:PCT/AU92/00267 filed 6 October 1992.
135. Patterson, B.D., C. Flodin, and J.H. Bower. 1999. The oxygen level in relation to oxygen supply and demand within modified atmosphere packages containing fresh plant produce. 20th International Congress of Refrigeration, IIR/IIF, Sidney, 1999. Vol. IV, paper 149.
136. Patterson, M.E. and M. Workman. 1962. The influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the development of apple scald. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 80:130-136.
137. Pauly, S. 1989. Permeability and diffusion data. In: J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut (Eds.), Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
138. Peiser G., G. López-Gálvez, and M. Cantwell. 1997. Changes in off-odor volatiles of salad products during storage, p. 23-28. In: J.R. Gorny (Ed.). CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 5:Fresh-cut Fruits and Vegetables and MAP. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 19. University of California, Davis.
139. Porat, R., B. Weiss, L. Cohen, A. Daus, R. Goren, and S. Droby. 1999. Effects of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene on the postharvest qualities of ‘Shamouti’ oranges. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15:155-163.
140. Prange, R.K., J.M. DeLong, J.C. Leyte, and P.A. Harrison. 2002. Oxygen concentration affects chlorophyll fluorescence in chlorophyll-containing fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 24:201-205.
141. Prange, R.K., S.P. Schouten, O. van Kooten, and E.J. Mitcham. 1997. Chlorophyll fluorescence detects low oxygen stress in ‘Elstar’ apples, p. 57-64. In: E. Mitcham (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 2: Apples and pears. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 16, University of California, Davis, CA.
142. Purvis, A.C. 1994. Interaction of waxes and temperature in retarding moisture loss from and chilling injury of cucumber fruit during storage. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 107:257-260.
143. Rathje, W.L. and C. Murphy. 1992. Rubbish!: The Archaeology of Garbage. HarperCollins, New York. 263 pp.
144. Renault, P., M. Souty, and Y. Chambroy. 1994a. Gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. 1: A new theoretical approach for microperforated packs. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 29:365-378.
145. Renault, P., M. Souty, and Y. Chambroy. 1994b. Gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. 2: Experimental results with strawberries. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 29:379-394.
146. Richardson, D.G. and E. Kupferman. 1997. Controlled atmosphere storage of pears, p. 31-35. In: E.J. Mitcham (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 2: Apples and pears. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 16. University of California, Davis, CA.
147. Richardson, D.G. and M. Kosittrakun. 1995. Off-flavor development of apples, pears, berries and plums under anaerobiosis and partial reversal in air, p. 211-275. In: R.L. Rouseff and M.L. Leahy (Eds.), Fruit Flavors, Biogenesis, Characterization and Authentication, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
148. Rickman, G. 1971. Roman Granaries and Store Buildings, Cambridge, UK.
149. Risse, L.A., W.R. Miller, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1985. Weight loss, firmness, color and decay development of individually film-wrapped tomatoes. Trop. Sci. 25:117-121.
150. Rodov, V., J. Peretz, T. Agar, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1996. Heat application as complete or partial substitute of postharvest fungicide treatments of grapefruit and Oroblanco fruits, p. 1153-1157. In: B. Manicom et al. (Eds.), Proc. Intnl. Soc. Citriculture. 8th Int. Citrus Congress, Vol. 2.
151. Rodov, V., S. Ben-Yehoshua, S. Fishman, J. Peretz, and R. De la Asuncion. 1998. Modifiedhumidity and modified-atmosphere packaging of bell pepper: mathematical modeling and experimental trials, p. 61-66. In: The post-harvest treatment of fruit and vegetables - current status and future prospects. Proc. Sixth Int. Symposium of the European Concerted Action Program COST 94, October 1994, Oosterbeek, the Netherlands.
152. Rodov, V., S. Ben-Yehoshua, S. Fishman, S. Gotlieb, T. Fierman, and D.Q. Fang. 1994. Reducing decay and extending shelf-life of bell-peppers and mangoes by modified atmosphere packaging, p. 416-418. In: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits, Proc. ACIAR No. 50. International Conf. held at Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1993.
153. Rodov, V., S. Ben-Yehoshua, T. Fierman, and D.Q. Fang. 1995. Modified humidity packaging reduces decay of bell pepper fruit. HortScience 30:299-302.
154. Rodov, V., S. Fishman, R. De la Asuncion, J. Peretz, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 1997. Modifiedatmosphere packaging (MAP) of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango in perforated film, p. 654-661. In: S. Gasit and U. Lavee (Eds.), Fifth Intern. Mango Symposium, Tel Aviv, Israel. Acta Hort. 455(Vol. 2):654-661.
155. Rodov, V., T. Agar, J. Peretz, B. Nafussi, J.J. Kim, and S. Ben-Yehoshua. 2000. Effect of combined application of heat treatments and plastic packaging on keeping quality of ‘Oroblanco’ fruit (Citrus grandis L.x C. paradise Macf.). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 20:287-294.
156. Rosa, J.T. 1925. Ripening of tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 27:315-322.
157. Saltveit, M.E. 1997. A summary of CA and MA recommendations for harvested vegetables, p. 98-117. In: M.E. Saltveit (Ed.), CA '97 Proceedings, Vol. 4: Vegetables and ornamentals. Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 18. University of California, Davis, CA.
158. Sapers, G.M., P.N. Walker, J.E. Sites, B.A Annous, and D.R. Eblen. 2003. Vapor-phase decontamination of apples inoculated with Escherichia coli. J. Food Sci. 68:1003-1007.
159. Shapiro, B., J.J. Kim, S. Ben-Yehoshua, R. Dayan, R. Bernstein, and G. Ziv. 1989. Sealpackaging of bell-pepper, melon, mango and pomelo fruits in order to improve their keeping qualities. Report to R & D Arava.
160. Shirazi, A. and A.C. Cameron. 1987. Modified humidity packaging: a new concept for improving the success of modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce. Hort-Science 22:1055 (Abst).
161. Shirazi, A. and A.C. Cameron. 1992. Controlling relative humidity in modified-atmosphere packages of tomato fruit. HortScience 27:336-339.
162. Sisler, E. and S. Blankenship. 1996. Method of counteracting an ethylene response in plants. U.S. Patent No. 5, 518, 988 (May 21, 1996). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC.
163. Sisler, E.C. and M. Serek. 1997. Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: recent developments. Physiol. Plant. 100:577-582.
164. Smock, R.M. 1947. Some requirements of McIntosh apples in controlled atmospheres. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50:109-114.
165. Smock, R.M. 1957. A comparison of treatments for control of the apple scald disease. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69:91-100.
166. Smyth, A.B., J. Song, and A.C. Cameron. 1998. Modified-atmosphere packaged cut iceberg lettuce: effect of temperature and O2 partial pressure on respiration and quality. J. Ag. Food Chem. 46:4556-4562.
167. Smyth, A.B., P.C. Talasila, and A.C. Cameron. 1999. An ethanol biosensor can detect lowoxygen injury in modified atmosphere packages of fresh-cut produce. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15:127-134.
168. Song, J., R. Leepipattanawit, W. Deng, and R.M. Beaudry. 1996. Hexanal vapor is a natural, metabolizable fungicide: inhibition of fungal activity and enhancement of aroma in apple slices. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121:937-942.
169. Spalding, D.H. and W.F. Reeder. 1976. Low pressure (hypobaric) storage of avocados. Hort-Science 11:491-492.
170. Talasila, P.C. and A.C. Cameron. 1995. Modeling distribution of steady-state oxygen levels in modified-atmosphere packages: an approach for designing safe packages. J. Food Process Eng. 18:199-217.
171. Talasila, P.C., A.C. Cameron, and D.W. Joles. 1994. Frequency distribution of steady-state oxygen partial pressures in modified-atmosphere packages of cut broccoli. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:556-562.
172. Thompson, A.K. 1998. Controlled atmosphere storage of fruits and vegetables. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
173. Tomkins, R.G. 1962. Film packaging of fresh fruit and vegetables - the influence of permeability, p. 64-69. Inst. Packaging Conf. Guide 1961, Larkfield, Maidstone, Kent, England.
174. USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2003. Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts Summary. USDA, Fr Nt 1-3 (04), http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/fruit/pnf-bb/.
175. Vámos-Vigyázó, L. 1981. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in fruits and vegetables. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 15:49-127.
176. Van den Berg, L. 1981. The role of humidity, temperature and atmospheric composition in maintaining vegetable quality during storage. In: R.Teranishi and H. Bararera-Benitez (eds.). Quality of selected fruits and vegetables of North America, ACS Symposium Series No. 170:95-107.
177. Van den Berg, L. and C.P. Lentz. 1978. High humidity storage of vegetables and fruits. HortScience, 13:565-569
178. van Schaik, A.C.R. and J.A. Verschoor. 2003. CA storage: technology, application and research. State of the art in the Netherlands. Acta Hort. 600:181-187.
179. Varro, M. Terentius. 1800. The Three Books of M. Terentius Varro Concerning Agriculture. T. Owen (trans.). Oxford.
180. Vaughn, S.F., G.F. Spence, and B.S. Sasha. 1993. Volatile compounds from raspberry and strawberry fruit inhibit postharvest decay fungi. J. Food Sci. 58:793-796.
181. Wang, C.Y. 1990. Physiological and biochemical effects of controlled atmosphere on fruits and vegetables, p. 197-223. In: M. Calderon and R. Barkai-Golan (Eds.), Food Preservation by Modified Atmospheres, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
182. Wang, Z. and D.R. Dilley. 2000. Initial low oxygen stress controls superficial scald of apples. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 18:201-213.
183. Watkins, C.B. 2000. Responses of horticultural commodities to high carbon dioxide as related to modified atmosphere packaging. HortTechnology 10:501-506.
184. Watkins, C.B., J.F. Nock, and B.D. Whitaker. 2000. Responses of early, mid and late season apple cultivars to postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) under air and controlled atmosphere storage conditions. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 19:17-23.
185. Wells, J.M. 1974. Growth of Erwinia carotovora, E. atroseptica, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in low-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide atmospheres. Phytopathology 64:1012-1015.
186. Whiston, W. 1984. The works of Josephus (translation from the Greek). Hendrickson Pub. Co., Lynn, MA.
187. Whitaker, B. 2004. Oxidative stress and apple scald. HortScience 39:933-937.
188. Workman, M. 1959. The status of polyethylene film liners to provide modified atmosphere for the storage of apples. Eastern Fruit Grower 23:6, 10-14.
189. Wu, M.T. and D.K. Salunkhe. 1972. Fungiastatic effects of subatmospheric pressures. Experientia 28:866-867.
190. Yantarasri, T., J. Uthaibutra, J. Sornsrivichai, W. Kumpuan, V. Sardsud, and N. Kana-Thum. 1994. Modified atmosphere packaging by perforated polymeric film and its effect on physical properties of mango fruit, p. 438-440. In: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits, Proc ACIAR No. 50. International Conf. held at Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1993.