Guineagrass

Warm-Season (C4) Grasses

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 589-621

  Muir, James P ^a   Jank, Liana ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EMBRAPA CERRADOS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Climatic adaptation; Cultivated pastures; Guineagrass agamic complex; Guineagrass breeding programs; Seed viability

Indexed keywords

EID: 85101451897     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr45.c17     Document Type: Chapter

References (199)

1. Addison, K.B., D.G. Cameron, and G.W. Blight. 1985. Effects of three levels of nitrogen and mowing on pasture and animal production from spring/summer grazed Panicum maximum var. tri-choglume (green panic) pastures. Trop. Grassl. 19: 59-68.
2. Alage, A., J.P. Muir, and D. Zualo. 1996. Productivity and protein content of two natural grassland types under three harvest regimes in Southern Mozambique, p. 65. In 1997 Abstracts GSSA Congr. 31, Bull. Grassl. Soc. S. Africa, Grahamstown, S. Africa.
3. Alberto, G., and I.L. Barreto. 1983. Competiçâo entre cultivares de Panicum maximum e Panicum col-oratum sob o efeito de leguminosas e ou doses de nitrogênio. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zoot. 12: 440-457.
4. Almeida, A.A.S., RA. Monteiro, and L. Jank. 2000. Avaliac,áo de Panicum maximum Jacq. para tolerancia ao aluminio em soluc,áo nutritiva. R. Bras. Ci. Solo 24: 339-344.
5. Almeida, A.R.P., and R.J.D. Rodrigues. 2001. Allelopathy of Panicum maximum Jacq. cultivars on tree and shrub forage legumes: Tolerance index, p. 501-502. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. deZootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
6. Alonso, O., and A. Delgado. 1998. Fungus microflora detected in seeds from Panicum maximum cv. Likoni. Pastos y Forrajes 21: 75-80.
7. Ambethgar, V., and K. Geetha. 1998. Outbreak of Melanitis leda ismene (Cramer) on Guineagrass Panicum maximum Jacq. Insect Environ. 4: 22-23.
8. Andrade, C.M.S. de, R. Garcia, L. Couto, and G. Pereira. 2001. Factors limiting growth of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1 in an agrosilvopastoral system, in the Cerrados of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 30: 1178-1185.
9. Andrade, I.F., and M.A. Oliveria. 1997. Productivity of grasses in a pasture in the cerrado area of the “Triangulo Mineiro.” p. 22: 133-134. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Cong., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
10. Araki, M., T. Inoue, and M. Sudo. 1991. The effects of marketed forage crops on the population of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under field conditions. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot., Kyushu, Japan 37: 130-132.
11. Assienan, B., and M. Noirot. 1999. Inheritance, distribution and biology of andromonoecy in the agamic complex of the Maximae (Panicoideae). Theor. Appl. Genet. 98: 622-627.
12. Bamikole, M.A., and I. Ezenwa. 1999. Performance of rabbits on guineagrass and ‘Verano’ stylo hays in the dry season and effect of concentrate supplementation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 80: 67-74.
13. Bamikole, M.A., I. Ezenwa, A.O. Akinsoyinu, M.O. Arigbede, and O.J. Babayemi. 2001. Performance of West African dwarf goats fed guineagrass-verano stylo mixture, N-fertilized and unfertilized guineagrass. Small Rum. Res. 39: 145-152.
14. Barbosa, R.A., D. do Nascimento Junior, V.P.B. Euclides, A.J. Regazzi, and D.M. da Fonseca. 2002. Características morfogénicas e acumulo de forragem do capim-Tanzánia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) em dois residuos forrageiros pós-pastejo. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 31: 583-593.
15. Barcellos, A.O., G.G. Leite, L. Vilela, E.M. Hutton, F.B. Souza, R.P. Andrade, J.L.F. Zoby, M.S. Franca-Dantas, M.A. Souza, and C.T. Karia. 1990. Recomendares para a formacao e utiliza-sao de pastagens de capim Vencedor. Comunicado Técnico, 58. EMBRAPA-CPAC.
16. Belsky, A.J., R.G. Amundson, J.M. Duxbury, S.J. Riha, A.R. Ali, and S.M. Mwonga. 1989. The effects of trees on their physical, chemical, and biological environments in a semi-arid savanna in Kenya. J. Appl. Ecol. 26: 1005-1024.
17. Blanco, F., and E. Segui. 1992. Variation in Na content and its relation with yield of Panicum maximum cultivars. Pastos y Forrajes 15: 123-131.
18. Bodenstein, V., H.H. Meissner, and W. van Hoven. 2000. Food selection by Burchell’s zebra and blue wildebeest in the Timbavati area of the Northern Province lowveld. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 30: 63-72.
19. Botrel, M.D.A., M.J. Alvim, and D.F. Xavier. 1999. Evaluation of forage grasses for the south region of Minas Gerais. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 34: 683-689.
20. Brown, W.F., and M.B. Adjei. 1995. Urea ammoniation effects on the feeding value of guineagrass (Panicum maximum) hay. J. Anim. Sci. 73: 3085-3093.
21. Cadavid, L.F., M.A. Elsharkawy, A. Acosta, and T. Sanchez. 1998. Long-term effects of mulch, fertilization and tillage on cassava grown in sandy soils in northern Colombia. Field Crop Res. 57: 45-56.
22. Cai, Y.M. 1999. Identification and characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from forage crops and their influence on silage fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 2466-2471.
23. Calderón, M. 1982. Evaluación de enfermedades en pastos tropicales en el área de actuación, p. 57-71. In J.M. Toledo (ed.). Manual para la evaluación agronómica. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.
24. Cameron, D.G., and L.R. Humphreys. 1976. Nitrogen supply and harvest time effects on Paspalum pli- catulum seed production. Trop. Grassl. 3: 205-211.
25. Canto, M.W. do, U. Cecato, J. Peternelli, C.C. Jobim, J. Almeida Junior, L.P. Watfe, E. C. V. Barrionuevo, and B.R.C. Nunes. 2001. Efeito da altura do capim-Tanzánia deferido ñas características da pastagem no periodo do invernó. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 30: 1186-1193.
26. Carvalho, M.M. 1997. Association of sown grass pastures with trees in the south central region of Brazil. Agrofor. Am. 4: 5-8.
27. Carvalho Filho, O.M.C., M. Corsi, and A.P. Camaräo. 1984. Composiçâo botánica da forragem disponível selecionada por novilhos fistulados no esófago em pastagem de coloniäo-soja perene. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 19: 511-518.
28. Castro, C.R.T. de, R. Garcia, M.M. Carvalho, and L. Couto. 1999. Grass forages production cultivated under light reduction. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 28: 919-927.
29. Catchpoole, D.W., and G. Blair. 1990. Forage tree legumes. I. Productivity and N economy of Leucaena, Gliricidia, Calliandra and Sesbania and tree/green panic mixtures. Aust. J. Agrie. Res. 41: 521-530.
30. Chaume, R. 1985. Organization de la varabilité génétique du complexe agamique Panicum maximum on viue de son utilization en amélioration des plantes. Travaux et Documents ORSTOM 184. ORSTOM, Paris.
31. Chen, L., C. Miyazaki, A. Kojima, A. Saito, and T. Adachi. 1999. Isolation and characterization of a gene expressed during early embryo sac development in apomictic guineagrass (Panicum maximum). J. Plant Physiol. 154: 55-62.
32. Clayton, W.D., and S.A. Renvoize. 1982. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Gramineae (Part 3). A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
33. Colozza, M.T., J.C. Werner, L. Gerdes, E.A. Schamass, and J.C.T. Freitas. 2001. Introduction of forage legumes into pastures of three different grasses, p. 106-107. In J.A.Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.l 1-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
34. Combes, D., and J. Pernès. 1970. Variations dans le nombres chromosomiques du Panicum maximum Jacq. en relation avec le mode de reproduction. Sér. D. 270: 782-785, Comptes Rendues Academe des Sci., Paris.
35. Costa, N. de L., CA. Goncalves, and CR. Townsend. 1998. Agronomie evaluation of Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatâ intercropped with tropical forage legumes. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 33: 363-367.
36. Dannhauser, C.S. 1991. The herbage yield and quality of three grass species on two marginal maize soils at Potchefstroom. J. Grassl. Soc. S. Afr. 8: 120-121.
37. Degras, L., and G. Doussinault. 1969. L’herbe de Guinée. Orientation possibles de la sélection. Ann. Amelior. Plant. 19: 239-263.
38. Durr, P.A., and J. Rangel. 2000. The response of Panicum maximum to a simulated subcanopy environment. 1. Soil x shade interaction. Trop. Grassl. 34: 110-117.
39. Edye, L.A., and J.F. Miles. 1976. A comparison of 60 Panicum introductions in SE Queensland. Trop. Grassl. 10: 79-88.
40. Ella, A., W.W. Stur, GJ. Blair, and C.N. Jacobsen. 1991. Effect of plant density and cutting frequency on the yield of four tree legumes and interplanted Panicum maximum cv. Riversdale. Trop. Grassl. 25: 281-286.
41. Euclides, V.P.B., M.C.M. Macedo, and M.P. Oliveria. 1997. Beef cattle production on renovated grass pastures in the savannas of Brazil, p. 29: 109-110. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
42. Euclides, V.P.B., M.C.M. Macedo, J.R., Valério, and J.A.M Bono. 2000. Cultivar Massai (Panicum maximum) uma nova opçào forrageira: Características de adaptaçâo e produtividade. p. 63. In Proc. 37th Annual Meet, of the Brazilian Soc. of Anim. Sci., SBZ, Viçosa, Brazil. 24-27 July 2000. Soc. Bras, de Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
43. Euclides, V.P.B., M.C.M. Macedo, A. Vieira, and M.P. de Oliveira. 1993. Evaluation of Panicum maximum cultivars under grazing, p. 1999. In M.J. Baker et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 17th, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 8-21 Feb. 1993. Keeling and Mundy, Palmerston North, NZ.
44. Ezenwa, I., and M.E. Aken’ova. 1998. Performance of mixtures of selected grasses and adapted herbaceous legumes in south-west Nigeria. Trop. Grassl. 32: 131-138.
45. Faquin, V., J.Ferrari Neto, A.R. Evangelista, and F.R. do Vale. 1994. Limitaçôes nutricionais do coloniäo (Panicum maximum, Jacq) e da braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens, Kapf), em amostras de um latossolo do noroeste do Parana: II. Nutriçào em macro e micronutrientes. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 23: 552-564.
46. Faria-Marmol, J., D.E. Morillo, R. Gonzalez, and Z. Chirinos. 1997. Effect of the cutting frequency on yield, crude protein and mineral contents of a Panicum mwcimum/Centrosema macrocarpum mixture, p. 22: 65-66. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
47. Favoretto, V., P.A. Godoi. J.M. B. Ezequiel, and PF. Vieira. 1983. Lotaçào e utilizaçâo de nitrogênio ou de leguminosas em pastagens de capim-coloniâo sobre o ganho de peso vivo de novilhos de corte. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. 18: 79-84.
48. Favoretto, V., and M. Santamaría. 1981. Efeito de très níveis de fósforo residual no solo e de duas taxas de lotaçâo sobre o desempenho de novilhos em pastagens de capim coloniào. Científica 9: 295-300.
49. Ferrari Neto, J., V. Faquin, F. R. do Vale, and A.R. Evangelista. 1994. Limitaçôes nutricionais do coloniào (Panicum maximum, Jacq) e da braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens, Kapf), em amostras de um latossolo do noroeste do Parana: I. Produçâo de materia seca e perfilhamento. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 23: 538-251.
50. Fleischer, J.E. 1987. A study of growth and nutritive value of green panic (Panicum maximum var. tri-choglume cv. Petrie) and rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth). Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 35: 229-237.
51. França, A.F.S., and H.P. Haag. 1986. Nutriçâo mineral de gramíneas tropicais. II. Carencias de micronu-trientes em capim tobiatâ (Panicum maximum, Jacq.). An. Esc. Superior Agrie. Luis Quiroz 43: 537-550.
52. George, S., G.R. Pillai, and R. Pushpakumari. 1998. Influence of biofertilizers on productivity of guineagrass intercropped in coconut gardens. Indian J. Agron. 43: 622-627.
53. Gheri, E.de O., M.C.P.da Cruz, M.E. Ferreira, and L.A.S. da Palma. 2000. Critical soil phosphorus content for Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. 35: 9: 1809-1816.
54. Gomez, J.M.I. 1997. Evaluation of animal productivity in a sustainable grazing system based on the use of trees in association with pastures, p. 22: 133-134. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
55. Gomide, C.A.M., and J.A. Gomide. 2001 The duration of regrowth period and the structural traits in a rotationally grazed Panicum maximum sward, p. 850-851. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras, de Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
56. Gonzalez, Y., and F. Mendoza. 1994. Comportamiento de la germinación y la viabilidad en semillas de Panicum maximum CIH-3 durante el almacenamiento. Pastos y Forrages 17: 131-135.
57. Gureja, N., and N. Owen-Smith. 2002. Comparative use of burnt grassland by rare antelope species in a lowveld game ranch, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 32: 31-38.
58. Guterres, E.P., and G. L. dos Santos. 1980. Influência da altura de corte e estádos de crescimento sobre a produçâo de materia seca, reservas de glicidios e nitrogenio total de Panicum maximum Jacq. Cv. Gatton. Anuário Técnico Inst. Pesq. Zootec “Francisco Osorio” 7: 253-316.
59. Hancock, D.L. 1999. Grass-breeding fruit flies and their allies of Africa and Asia (Dipîera: Tephritidae: Ceratitidinae). J. Nat. Hist. 33: 911-948.
60. Hanna, W.W. 1986. Registration of 12 winter-hardy Panicum maximum germplasm clones. Crop Sci. 26: 389-390.
61. Hanna, W.W., J.B. Powell, J.C. Millot, and G.W. Burton. 1973. Cytology of obligate sexual plants in Panicum maximum Jacq. and their use in controlled hybrids. Crop Sci. 13: 695-697.
62. Harty, R.L., J.M. Hopkinson, B.H. English, and J. Alder. 1983. Germination, dormancy and longevity in stored seed of Panicum maximum. Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 341-351.
63. Hawton, D. 1976. Atrazine for weed control in the establishment of Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum. J. Aust. Inst. Agrie Sci. 42: 189-191.
64. Hawton, D. 1979. The effectiveness of some herbicides for weed control in Panicum maximum and Brachiaria decumbens and some factors affecting the atrazine tolerance of these species. Trop. Grassl. 14: 34-39.
65. Hazra, C.R. 1998. Potash fertilisation to forage crops for herbage yield. Fert. News. 43: 33-37.
66. Hernandez, D., M. Carballo, A. Gonzalez, T. Sanchez, F. Reyes, J.L. Casterllon, and J.L. Zaragoza. 2001. Botanical composition of pastures selected by cows grazing in a multi-associated silvopastoral system. Cuban J. Agrie Sci. 35: 211-218.
67. Hojito, S., and T. Horibata. 1982. Plant exploration, collection and introduction from Africa, p. 1-120. Nekken Shiryo 58. Trop. Agrie Res. Ctr., Tokyo, Japan.
68. Hopkinson, J.M. 1993. Tropical pasture establishment. 2. Seed characteristics and field establishment. Trop. Grassl. 27: 276-290.
69. Hopkinson, J.M., and B.H. English. 1982. Spikelet population dynamics in seed crops oí Panicum maximum ‘Gatton’. Seed Sci. Technol. 10: 379-403.
70. Hopkinson, J.M., and B.H. English. 1985. Immaturity as acause of low quality in seed ofPanicum maximum. J. Appl. Seed Prod. 3: 24-27.
71. Hopkinson, J.M., B.H. English, and R.L. Harty. 1988. Effects of different drying patterns on quality of seed of some tropical pasture grasses. Seed Sci. Technol. 16: 361-369.
72. Hutton, E.M. 1989. Breeding acid-soil tolerant lines of the tropical grass Panicum maximum Jacq. p. 355-356. In R. Desroches (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 16th, Nice, France. 4-11 Oct. 1989. The French Grassl. Soc, Versailles Cedex, France.
73. Ibrahim, M.N.M., S. Premaratne, and H.G.D. Perera. 1989. Ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of guineagrass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) as affected by growth stage. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci. 2: 123-128.
74. Jank, L. 1995. Melhoramento e seleçào de variedades de Panicum maximum, p. 21-58. In A.M. Peixoto et al. (ed.). Proc. Simposio sobre Manejo da Pastagem, 12th, 5-7 Sept. 1995. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Fundaçâo de Estudos Agrârios Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
75. Jank, L., S. Calixto, J.C.G. Costa, Y.H. Savidan, and J.B.E. Curvo. 1997. Catalogue of the characterization and evaluation of the Panicum maximum germplasm: Morphological description and agronomical performance, p. 1-53. Doc. 68. EMBRAPA-CNPGC, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
76. Jank, L., C.B. do Valle, J.de Carvalho, and S. Calixto. 2001. Evaluation of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) hybrids in Brazil, p. 498-499. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
77. Jank, L., Y. Savidan, M.T. de Souza, and J.C.G. Costa. 1994. Avaliaçào do germoplasma de Panicum maximum introduzido da Africa. 1. Produçâo forrageira. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 23: 433-440.
78. Javier, E.Q. 1970. The flowering habits and mode of reproduction of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). p. 284-289. In M.J.T. Norman (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 11th, Surfers’ Paradise, Australia. 13-23 Apr. 1970. Univ. of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, Australia.
79. Joaquin, B.M., A. Hernandez, J. Perez, J.G. Hererra, G. Garcia, and C. Trejo. 2001. Fertilizacion nitrogenada y momento de consecha en la produccion de seimila de pasto guinea (Panicum maximum Jacq.): Parametros y components de rendimiento. Pasturas Trop. 23: 10-15.
80. Kennard, D.G., and B.H. Walker. 1973. Relationships between tree canopy cover and Panicum maximum in the vicinity of Fort Victoria. Rhod. J. Agric. Res. 11: 145-153.
81. Laredo, M.A. 1981. Valor nutritivo de pastos tropicales. III. Pasto guinea (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) annual y estacional. Rev. Inst. Colombiano Agrop. 16: 181-188.
82. Leite, G.G., N. de L. Costa, and A.C. Gomes. 1998. Épocas de deferimento e utilizaçâo de gramineas cultivadas na regiâo do Cerrado. p. 23. Boletim de Pesquisa 40. Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuârio dos Cerrados, Embrapa, Brazil.
83. Leite, V.B. de O., F.A. Monteiro, and J.C. Werner. 1996. Effect of liming and application of phosphorus and molybdenum fertilizers to a mixture of green panic and Galactia striata on a cerrado soil. Bol. Ind. Anim. 53: 71-82.
84. Le Roux, P.C., and CS. Dannhauser. 2001. The influence of rest period during the growing season on the potential of four perennial tropical grass species as foggage. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 19: 19-25.
85. Loch, D.S., and J.E. Ferguson. 1999. Tropical and subtropical forage seed production: An overview, p. 1-40. In D.S. Loch and J.E. Ferguson (ed.). Forage seed production Vol. 2. Tropical and subtropical species. CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
86. Lonard, R.I., F.W. Judd, J.H. Everitt, D.E. Escobar, M.R. Davis, M.M. Crawford, and M.D. Desai. 2000. Evaluation of solor-infrared photography for distinguishing annual changes in riparian forest vegetation of the lower Rio Grande in Texas. For. Ecol. Manage. 128: 75-81.
87. Lugao, S.M.B., L.R. de A. Rodgrigues, E.B. Malheiros, J.J. dos S. Abrahao, and A. de Morais. 2001. Animal performance in pastures of Panicum maximum cv. IPR 86 fertilized with nitrogen, p. 844-845. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
88. Macedo, M.C., and V.P.B. Euclides. 1997. Changes in soil fertility and plant nutrient contents in degraded tropical pasture after renovation, p. 10: 115-116. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
89. Machado, H., R. Roche, A. Tamayo, and E. Segui. 1988. Selection of sexual plants and possibility of cross breeding Panicum maximum in Cuba. Pastes y Forrajes 11: 31-36.
90. Maiki, T., S. Tanaka, and O. Kawamura. 1990. Dry matter yields and drying rates during sun curing for 7 tropical grasses for haymaking in southern Kyushu. Bull. Faculty Agric Miyazaki Univ. 36: 373-382.
91. Malaviya, D.R. 1999. Components of green fodder yield in Panicum maximum. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 59: 83-86.
92. Mandret, G., A. Ourry, and G. Roberge. 1990. Interest in Panicum maximum for intensifying forage production in Senegal. I. Association of vegetable cropping and livestock husbandry. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 43: 281-287.
93. Mandret, G., G. Roberge, and A. Ourry. 1989. Le Panicum maximum dans l’association maraichage-elevage au Senegal, p. 1325-1326. In R. Desroches (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 16th, Nice, France. 4-11 Oct. 1989. The French Grassl. Soc, Versailles Cedex, France.
94. Manoharan, K., and K. Paliwal. 1997. Effect of clipping frequency of some fodder grasses in the semi-arid region of Tamil Nadu, India, p. 22: 167-168. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
95. Masumi, E., T. Yamamoto, M. Kobayashi, H. Araya, and H. Nakagawa. 1999. Molecular markers of apomixis in guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). p. 173-178. In Proc. Utilization of Transgenic Plant and Genome Analysis in Forage Crops. Nishinasuno: Tochigi, Japan. 17-18 Mar. 1998. Natl. Grassl. Res. Inst., Nishinasumo, Japan.
96. Matías, C., M. Esperance, and V. Ruz. 1992. Potencial de producción de semilla y su germinación en cruzamientos y seleccionses de Panicum maximum Jacq. Pastos y Forrajes 15: 25-32.
97. Medeiros, R.B., J.M. Souza, J.E.G. Zambra, and V.D.P. Pillar. 1997. Evaluation of tropical and subtropical forage grasses in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, p. 1: 19-20. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
98. Millot, J.C, 1972. Sexuality in the Panicum Maximum Jacq. agamic complex. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Georgia, Athens.
99. Miranda, C.H., and R.M. Boddey. 1987. Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation associated with 11 ecotypes of Panicum maximum grown in nitrogen-15-labeled soil. Agron. J. 79: 558-563.
100. Miranda, C.H., S. Urquiaga, and R.M. Boddey. 1990. Selection of ecotypes of Panicum maximum for associated biological nitrogen fixation using the 15N isotope dilution technique. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22: 657-663.
101. Monteiro, J.M.C., V. Favoretto, and R.A. Reis. 1984. Epocas de rebaixamento e níveis de nitrogénio na produçâo e qualidade de sementes de capim-coloniâo. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. 19: 545-552.
102. Moreno-Casasola, P., and G. Vazquez. 1999. The relationship between vegetation dynamics and water table in tropical dune slacks. J. Veg. Sci. 10: 515-524.
103. Morrillo, D.E., J. Faria-Marmol, and R. Gonzalez. 1997. Effect of the cutting frequency on yield and crude protein and mineral contents of Panicum maximum, p. 22: 61-62. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
104. Muir, J.P., and L. Abrao. 1999. Agronomic evaluation of 10 cultivated grasses in semi-arid Mozambique. Trop. Grassl. 33: 34-39.
105. Muir, J.P., and A. Alage. 2001. Seasonal herbage production from two range types in southern Mozambique. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 18: 37-41.
106. Muir, J.P., A. Alage, and I.C Maposse. 2001. Herbage characteristics as affected by the canopies of dominant trees in a savanna of southern Mozambique, p. 655-656. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
107. Mureithi, J.G., M.N. Njunie, R.W. Muinga, R. Ali, W. Thorpe, and CD. Mwatate. 1998. Adoption of planted forages by smallholder dairy farmers in coastal lowland Kenya. Trop. Grassl. 32: 221-229.
108. Nakagawa, H., and W. Hanna. 1992. Induced sexual tetraploids for breeding guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). J. Jpn. Soc. Grassl. Sci. 38: 152-158.
109. Nakajima, K., T. Komatsu, N. Mochizuki, and S. Suzuki. 1979. Isolation of diploid and tetraploid sexual plants in guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Jpn. J. Breed. 29: 228-238.
110. Nakajima, K., and N. Mochizuki. 1981. Degree of sexuality in sexual plants of guineagrass plants and their progenies. Jpn. J. Breed. 31 (Suppl. 1): 256-257.
111. Ng, K.F., W.W. Stur, and H.M. Shelton. 1997. New forage species for integration of sheep in rubber plantations. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 128: 347-355.
112. Odeyinka, S.M. 2000. Feeding behaviour and diet selection by West African dwarf goats. Arch. Anim. Breed. 43: 57-61.
113. Okeagu, M.U. 1991. Agronomy of newly introduced grass pastures in Nigeria. World Rev. Anim. Prod. 26: 87-90.
114. Okpara, D.A., J.C. Njoku, and J.E.G. Ikeorgu. 2002. Maize response to green manure sources in southeastern Nigeria. Trop. Sci. 42: 83-86.
115. Oliveira, PR.P de, and L.R. Humphreys. 1986. Formation of seed yield in Panicum maximum cv. Gat-ton. Trop. Grassl. 20: 52-58.
116. Omaliko, CPE. 1983. Stockpiling of three tropical grass species. Agron. J. 75: 677-679.
117. Paez, A., M.E. Gonzalez, L. Villavivencio, A. Salazar, and D. Tissue. 1997. Interpreting guineagrass behavior under different clipping, nitrogen and irradiance regimes, p. 22: 97-98. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
118. Parsons, J.J. 1972. Spread of African pasture grasses to the American tropics. J. Range Manage. 25: 12-17.
119. Peel, M.J.S., D. Grossman, and N. van Rooyen. 1991. Determinants of herbaceous plant species composition on a number of ranches in the north-western Transvaal. J. Grassl. Soc. S. Afr. 8: 99-102.
120. Pernès, J. 1975. Organization Évolutive D’un Groupe Agamique: La Section Des Maximae Du Genre Panicum (Graminées). Memories ORSTOM, 75. ORSTOM, Paris.
121. Perrin, M.R., and R. Brereton-Stiles. 1999. Habitat use and feeding behaviour of the buffalo and white rhinoceros in the Hlulhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve. S. Afr. J. Wildlife Res. 29: 72-80.
122. Pieterse, R.A., N.F.G. Rethman, and J. van Bosch. 1997. Production, water use efficiency and quality of four cultivars of Panicum maximum at different levels of nitrogen fertilisation. Trop. Grassl. 31: 117-123.
123. Purushotham, S., K. Umesha, and R. Siddaraju. 1999. Performance of guineagrass genotypes under irrigation. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 11: 12-16.
124. Ramos-Santana, R., and J.E. Rodriguez-Arroyo. 1991. Season production of 11 Panicum maximum cultivars harvested at a 45-day interval. J. Agric. Univ. PR. 75: 61-66.
125. Ramos-Santana, R., and J.E. Rodriguez-Arroyo. 1998. Stem propagation of two guineagrass cultivars at six maturity stages and two cutting heights. J. Agric. Univ. PR. 82: 117-119.
126. Reinoso, M., and L. Simon. 1999. Influencia de los sistemas silvopastoriles con diferentes tipos y niveles de suplementacion en la composición de la leche. Pasto y Forrages 22: 347-352.
127. Rethman, N.F.G., and W.A.J. Steenekamp. 1997. Nutritive value of guineagrass cultivars in the winter as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, p. 17: 1-2. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
128. Richert, K.G. 1970. Some influences of straw mulch, nitrogen fertilizer and oat companion crops on establishment of Sabi panic. Trop. Grassl. 4: 71-76.
129. Rodriguez, A.A., E.O. Riquelme, and P.F. Randel. 1998. Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. J. Agric. Univ. PR. 82: 25-38.
130. Russell, J.S., and H.R. Webb. 1976. Climatic range of grasses and legumes used in pastures. Result of a survey conducted at the XI International Grassland Congress. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 42: 156-163.
131. Sansamma, G., G.R. Pillai, R. Pushpakumari, and S. George. 1999. Influence of biofertilizers on productivity of guineagrass intercropped in coconut gardens. Indian J. Agron. 43: 622-627.
132. Santos, P.M., M. Corsi, and M.A.A. Balsalobre. 1999. Effect of grazing frequency and season on yield and quality of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania and Mombaça. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 28: 244-249.
133. Santos, H.Q., D.M. Fonseca, R.B. Cantarutti, V. Alvarez, and D. Nascimento, Junior. 2002. Níveis críticos de fósforo no solo e na plant para gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, em diferentes idades. Rev. Bras. Cien. Solo 26: 173-182.
134. Sato, H., N. Shimizu, H. Nakagawa, and H. Matsuoka. 1992. A new registered cultivar ‘Natsuyutaka’ of guineagrass, Panicum maximum Jacq. Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. 25: 259-266.
135. Sato, H., N. Shimizu, H. Nakagawa, K. Nakajima, and M. Ochi. 1993. A new registered cultivar ‘Nat-sukaze’ guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Bull.Kyushu Nat. Agric. Exp. Stn. 27: 417-437.
136. Savidan, Y.H. 1982a. Nature et hérédité de l’apomixie chez Panicum maximum Jacq. ORSTOM Travaux et Documentos, 153. ORSTOM, Paris.
137. Savidan, Y.H. 1982b. Embryological analysis of facultative apomixis in Panicum maximum. Crop. Sci. 22: 467-469.
138. Savidan, Y.H. 1983. Genetics and utilization of apomixis for the improvement of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). p. 182-184. In J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 14th. Lexington, KY. 15-24 June 1981. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
139. Savidan, Y.H. 2000. Apomixis: Genetics and breeding. Plant Breed. Rev. 18: 10-86.
140. Savidan, Y.H., L. Jank, J.C.G. Costa, and C.B. do Valle. 1989. Breeding Panicum maximum in Brazil: 1. Genetic resources, modes of reproduction and breeding procedures. Euphytica 41: 107-112.
141. Savidan, Y., and J. Pernès. 1982. Diploid-tetraploid-dihaploid cycles and the evolution of Panicum maximum Jacq. Evolution 36: 596-600.
142. Scattini, W.J. 1984. Hay conservation for cattle on winter-grazed green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) pasture in south-eastern Queensland. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 24: 20-25.
143. Screekumar, S.G., R. Gopimony, V. Gopinathan Nair, and N. Mohanakumaran. 1994. Marathakam, a high yielding guineagrass clone. J. Trop. Agric. 32: 112-114.
144. Segui, E., F. Blanco, and H. Machado. 1994. New cultivars of Panicum maximum adapted to conditions of low input. Pastos y Forrajes 17: 21-26.
145. Segui, E., F. Blanco, and H. Machado. 1998. Selection of promising Panicum maximum Jacq. hybrids for the dry season. Pastos y Forrajes 21: 205-212.
146. Shen, Y., Y. Ishii, K. Fukuyama, and K. Ito. 1998. Improvement of herbage production in late autumn and overwintering ability by gibberellin application and fertilization in green panic. Bull. Fac. Agric. Miyazaki Univ. 45: 11-16.
147. Sidak, V., E. Segui, and C. Pérès. 1977. Variability in Panicum maximum Jacq. and some results of selection, p. 333-339. In E. Wojahn and H. Thons (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 13th, Leipzig, Germany. 18-27 May 1977. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.
148. Sidhu, B.S., and P.D. Mehndiratta. 1990. ‘PGG 9' guinea-grass gives fodder round-the-year. Indian Farm. 39: 23-24.
149. Sidhu, B.S., P.D. Mehndiratta, and R.K. Batta. 1989. Breeding guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) for stall-feeding, p. 325-326. In R. Desroches (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 16th, Nice, France. 4-11 Oct. 1989. The French Grassl. Soc, Versailles Cedex, France.
150. Sidhu, B.S., P.D. Mehndiratta, and R.K. Batta. 1992. PGG-14 variety of guineagrass. J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 29: 429.
151. Sidhu, B.S., P.D. Mehndiratta, and R.K. Batta. 1993. PGG-101 variety of Guineagrass. J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 30: 1-2.
152. Silva, G.N. da, M. de Oliveira, and L.R. Freiré. 1982. Teores de alguns nutrientes minerais em très gramíneas forrageiras. Rev. Soc. Bras. Zootec. 11: 151-167.
153. Simon, L., and J. Batista. 1998. Evaluation of three mixtures of Panicum maximum cv. Likoni with legumes under grazing by weaned calves. Pastos y Forrajes 21: 81-86.
154. Singh, A.P., A.K. Samanta, A.K. Misra, and V.S. Upadhyay. 1999. Effect of wilting on silage quality of tropical grasses harvested at different intervals. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 69: 727-729.
155. Singh, D.K., V. Singh, and P.W.G. Sale. 1995. Effect of cutting management on yield and quality of different selections of guineagrass [Panicum maximum (Jacq.) L.] in a humid subtropical environment. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 72: 181-187.
156. Singh, J.M., and B. Dash. 1998. Variability, heritability and genetic advance in guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Environ. Ecol. 16: 294-296.
157. Singh, J.P., V. Shankar, and V.S. Upadhyay. 1997. Foraging behavior of heifers, sheep and goats in grass-legume cafeteria, p. 5: 19-20. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Cong., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
158. Singh, K.A. 1999. Response of promising forage grasses to nitrogen. Indian J. Agron. 44: 419-423.
159. Singh, R., N. Kumar, and N.S. Rana. 2000. Response of rainfed guinea grass (Panicum maximum) to bio-fertilizer inoculation and nitrogen. Indian J. Agron. 45: 205-209.
160. Skerman, P.J., and F. Riveros. 1990. Tropical grasses. FAO, Rome.
161. Smit, G.N., and N.F.G. Rethman. 1997. The effect of long-term grazing treatments on the establishment of woody plants in a southern African savanna, p. 23: 7-8. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Cong., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
162. Smit, G.N., and J.S. Swart. 1994. Influence of leguminous and non-leguminous woody plants on the herbaceous layer and soil under varying competition regimes in mixed bushveld. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 11: 27-33.
163. Smit, G.N., and K.S.K., van Romburgh. 1993. Relations between tree height and the associated occurrence of Panicum maximum in sourish mixed bushveld. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 10: 151-153.
164. Smith, J.W., A. Larbi, I.O. Archibong, and I.O. Adekunle. 2002. Forage from cropping systems as dry season supplements for sheep. Trop. Grassl. 36: 102-106.
165. Smith, R.L. 1972. Sexual reproduction in Panicum maximum Jacq. Crop Sci. 12: 624-627.
166. Sotomayor-Rios, A., A. Quiles-Belen, and S. Torres-Cardona. 1998. Agronomic comparison of four Panicum hybrids and two cultivars at three cutting intervals in Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ. P. R. 82: 141-150.
167. Souza, F.H.D. de. 1999. Panicum maximum in Brazil, p. 363-370. In D.S. Loch and J.E. Ferguson (ed.). Forage seed production. Volume 2: Tropical and subtropical species. CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
168. Stosiek, D., A. Glatzle, and R. Shultze-Kraft. 1997. Utilized metabolizable energy and its impact on the management of grass pastures in the central Chaco of Paraguay, p. 29: 7-8. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon. SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
169. Suryanarayanan, T.S., K. Rajagopal, and B.V. Ramanan. 1998. Occurrence of Acremonium fungal endophytes in tropical forage grasses. Forage Res. 24: 87-89.
170. Tacheba, G., and W.N. Mphinyane. 1993. Dry matter yield of herbaceous rangeland plants and livemass gain of Tswana steers in eastern Botswana in response to stocking rate and phosphorus supplementation. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 10: 103-107.
171. Teague, W.R., and G.N. Smit. 1992. Relations between woody and herbaceous components and the effects of bush-clearing in southern African savannas. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 9: 60-71.
172. Teixeira, E.I., W.R.S. Mattos, A.C. de Camargo, F.A. de A. Rosseto, and C.S.P. Teixeira. 1999. Assessment of yield and utilization of Tobiatâ grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatâ) under rotational grazing. Sci. Agricola 56: 349-355.
173. Thakuria, K., and C.K. Sarma. 1999. Seasonal variation in dry matter and crude protein production of guineagrass based intercropping systems. Range Manage. Agroforestry 19: 146-148.
174. Thiago, L.R.L. de, L. da C.S. Valle, J.M. da Silva, M.C.M. Macedo, and L. Jank. 2000. Uso intensivo de pastagens de Brachiaria brigantha cv. Marandu, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Camaroon, e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça visando a produçâo de carne, p. 139. Anais da 37a Reuniâo Annual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. 24-27 July 2000. Vicosa, MG, Brazil.
175. Thomas, D., and S. LaPointe. 1989. Testing new acessions of guineagrass (Panicum maximum) for acid soils and resistance to spittlebug (Aeneolamia reducta). Trop. Grassl. 23: 232-239.
176. Thrash, I., G.K. Theron, and J. du P. Bothma. 1993. Impact of water provision on herbaceous community composition in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 10: 31-35.
177. Tow, P.G. 1997. Interpreting indicators of a transfer of N from legume to grass in competition studies, p. 7: 57-58. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
178. Tudsri, S. H. Matsuoka, and K. Kobashi. 2002. Effect of temperature on seedling growth characteristics of Panicum maximum. Trop. Grassl. 36: 165-171.
179. Usberti, J.A.F. 1988. New IAC cultivars. Panicum maximum IAC-Centauro. O Agronomico (Campinas) 40: 99.
180. Usberti, J.A.F., P.B. Gallo, and C.A. Pereira. 1986. Capim Coloniào IAC-Centenârio. O Agronomico (Campinas) 38: 121-122.
181. Usberti, R., J.A. Usberti, Jr., and R.S. Paterniani. 2000. Flowering cycle-related seed quality parameters on 15 new guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) hybrids. Seed Sci. Technol. 28: 437-443.
182. Valdes, G., T. Diaz, and J.R. Ayala. 1998. A note on the validation of a management and grass supplementation system for cattle fattening under production conditions. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 32: 141-144.
183. Valerio, J.R., C. Cardona, D.C. Peck, and G. Sotelo. 2001. Spittlebugs: Bioecology, host-plant resistance and advances in IPM. p. 217-222. In Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
184. Vallès, B., E. Castillo, J. Perez, and J. Herrera. 1995. Forage yield and leaf proportion in accessions of Panicum maximum. Pasturas Trop. 17: 32-35.
185. Vallès, B., E. Castillo, J. Perez, and J. Herrera. 1995. Forage yield and leaf proportion in accessions of Panicum maximum. Pasturas Trop. 17: 32-35.
186. van Niekerk, W.A. 2001. Intake and qualitative aspects of guinea grass grazed by sheep over three different seasons, p. 403-404. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
187. van Niekerk, W.A., and N.F.G. Rethman. 1997. Intake and quality of Panicum maximum (cv. Gatton) receiving different levels of nitrogen during autumn, p. 2: 7-8. In J.G. Buchanan-Smith et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 18th, Winnipeg, MB and Saskatoon, SK. 8-19 June 1997. Canadian Grassl. Soc, Winnipeg, MB.
188. van Oudtshoorn, F.P. 1991. Guide to grasses of South Africa. Briza Pubi., Arcadia, South Africa.
189. van Rooyen, N., J.O. Grunow, and G.K. Theron. 1989. Veld management, p. 567-607. In J. du P. Bothma (ed.). Game ranch management. J. L. van Schaik, Pretoria.
190. Veiga, J.B. da, and A.P. Camarâo. 1990. Produçâo forrageira e valor nutritivo dos capins elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) vars. anâo e cameron e tobiatâ (Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatâ) sob très idades de corte. Bol. Pesq. 102: 5-23.
191. Vicente-Chandler, J., L. Rivera-Brenes, R.R. Caro-Costas, J.P. Rodriguez, E. Boneta, and W. Garcia. 1953. The management and utilization of the forage crops of Puerto Rico. Bull. 116. Univ. P. R. Agric. Exp. Stn., Mayaguez.
192. Warmke, H.E. 1954. Apomixis in Panicum maximum. Am. J. Bot. 41: 5-11.
193. Weber, O.L.S., and H.P. Haag. 1984a. Nutriçâo mineral do Panicum maximum cv. Makueni. I. Cresci-mento, concentraçâo e extraçâo dos macronutrientes. An. Esc. Superior Agric “Luis de Queiroz” 41: 761-773.
194. Weber, O.L.S., and H.P. Haag. 1984b. Nutriçâo mineral do Panicum maximum cv. Makueni. II. Concentraçâo e extraçâo de micronutrientes. An. Esc. Superior Agric. “Luis de Queiroz” 41: 795-820.
195. Wilson, J.R. 1998. Influence of planting four tree species on the yield and soil water status of green panic pasture in subhumid southeast Queensland. Trop. Grassl. 32: 209-220.
196. Wilson, J.R., R.N. Jones, and D.J. Minson. 1986. Influence of temperature on the digestibility and growth of Macroptilium atropurpureum and Panicum maximum var. trichoglume in subtropical and tropical Australia. Trop. Grassl. 20: 145-156.
197. York, R.A., and R.A.C. Ooi. 1992. Screening, selection and breeding for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in the Gramineae. p. 5: 37-43. In P.A.C. Ooi et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Conf. Plant Prot. Tropics, 3rd, Genting Highlands, Malaysia. 20-23 Mar. 1990. Malaysian Plant Protection Soc, Kuala Lumpur.
198. Zierenberg, B., K. Friedel, A. Glatzle, and A. Chudy. 2001. Assessment of ensilability of six grasses using three different approaches, p. 786-787. In J.A. Gomide et al. (ed.). Proc. Int. Grassl. Congr., 19th, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil. 11-21 Feb. 2001. Soc. Bras. Zootec, Sao Pedro, SP, Brazil.
199. Zoysa, A.K.N., P. Loganathan, and M.J. Hedley. 1998. Phosphate rock dissolution and transformation in the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinesis L.) compared with other plant species. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 49: 477-486.