Pulp bleaching today

Pulp Bleaching Today

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Suess, Hans Ulrich ^a  

^a NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLEACHING; HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; OPTIMIZATION;

BLEACHING AGENTS; HIGH BRIGHTNESS; HIGH QUALITY PULPS; MILL PERSONNEL; PULP BLEACHING; REACTION CONDITIONS; TECHNOLOGY MANAGERS;

CLEANING;

EID: 85099488398     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1515/9783110218244     Document Type: Book

References (463)

1. Ezekiel, 27, 7
2. www.gutenberg.org Homer, Ulysses, book XXII, last paragraph.
3. R. P. Singh, Ed., Bleaching of Pulp, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1979).
4. o 1872, granted August, 24th 1792
5. Papier-Lexikon, Bd.2 p92; Deutscher Betriebswirte Verlag, Gernsbach (1999).
6. E. Völker, Die grosse Bleiche, Hrsg. Gebr. Bellmer (1987).
7. E. Schmidt, Ber., 54: 186 (1921)
8. E. Schmidt, Cellulosechem, 11: 7 (1930).
9. H. Sixta, Handbook of Pulp, S. 734, VCH-Wiley, Weinheim, (2006).
10. E. L. Bailey; Effluent treatment - success or failure; P&P Canada, 68 (3), T128-T130 (1967).
11. B. S. Das; Tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone as a compound in bleached Kraft chlorination effluent toxic to young salmon; J. Fish Res. Board Can., 23 (6), 813 - 824 (1966) and P&P Canada, 73 (10), T265 (1972).
12. P. K. Christensen, Bleaching of sulfate pulps with hydrogen peroxide; Norsk Skogindustri, (10), 268 - 271 (1973).
13. M. G. Delattre, Present possibilities for hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent for Kraft pulps; Appita J. 28 (2), 89 - 98 (1974).
14. G. Rowlandson; Continuous oxygen bleaching in commercial production; Tappi J., 54, 962 - 967 (1971).
15. C. J. Myburgh; Operation of the Enstra oxygen bleaching plant; Tappi J., 57, 131 - 133 (1974).
16. J. Höök, L. Meuller, S. Wallin, Väteperoxid I alkalistegen höjer kvaliteten; Nordisk Cell (2), 47 - 50 (1985).
17. H. Loutfi; The use of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching of North-Eastern softwood Kraft pulp; CPPA Annual Meeting 1981, proceedings B71-77.
18. C.-J. Alftan, G. Fossum, Förstärkningskemikalier i slutblekning; Svensk Paperstidn. (13), 24 - 27 (1985).
19. D. W. Reeve, W. H. Rapson, The recovery of sodium chloride from bleached Kraft pulp mills; P&P Canada, 71 (13), T274-T280 (1970).
20. D. W. Reeve, The effluent-free bleached kraft pulp mill - Part XIII The second 15 years of development, P&P Canada 85 (2), T24-T30 (1984).
21. H. Solbach; Erfahrungen mit der Abwasserbehandlung in einer integrierten Zellstoff- und Papierfabrik; Papier, 31 (10A), V87-V91 (1977).
22. J. Conrad; Ecologically sound pulp production: How the interaction of world market conditions, corporate capability and environmental policy determines success and failure of environmental innovations; Forschungsstelle für Umweltpolitik, Freie Universität Berlin, FFU-report 00-05 (2000).
23. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemie der Elemente, VCH, 1106 (1988).
24. H. Sixta, Handbook of pulp, p643, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, (2006).
25. M. Spiro; The standard potential of the peroxosulphate/sulphate couple; Electrochimica Acta 24, 313 - 314 (1979).
26. Winnacker Kuechler, Chemische Technik, Bd. 4, 916, Wiley-VCH (2005).
27. Römpp Lexikon Chemie Bd. 5, 4117, Thieme (1999).
28. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 24, 569f (2003)
29. H. Davy, On a combination of oxymuriatic gas and oxygen gas; Phil. Transactions, Royal Society, London, 155 - 162 (1811); see N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente, p1097, VCH, Weinheim, (1988).
30. M. C. Fredette, New ERCO R8 process eliminates Cl2, catalyst and some saltcake and acid; Tappi Pulping Conf. 1983, proceedings, 629 - 632; Erco R8 process brochure from Aug. 18 (1986).
31. M. Burke, J. Tenney, B. Indu, M. F. Hoq, S. Carr, W. R. Ernst; Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide - chlorate reaction in the formation of chlorine dioxide; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1449 - 1456 (1993).
32. P. Stockburger; What you need to know before buying your next chlorine dioxide plant; Tappi J. 76 (3), 99-104 (1993).
33. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente, p1116, VCH, Weinheim (1988).
34. M. C. Fredette in "Pulp bleaching - principles and practice", p67, Tappi press, Atlanta (1996).
35. Joint assessment of commodity chemicals no. 22, hydrogen peroxide, ISSN-0773-6339-22 ECETOC, Brussels (1992).
36. R. G. Zepp, Y. I. Skurlatov, J. T. Pierce; Algae induced decay and formation of hydrogen peroxide in water: Its possible role in oxidation of anilines by algae; Am. Chem. Soc. symp. ser. 327, 215 - 224 (1987).
37. J. Zahradnik, I. Jung, D. Jung; Käfer Mittel- und Nordwesteuropas, Parey, Berlin (1985).
38. H. Schildknecht, K. Holoubek; Die Bombardierkäfer und ihre Explosionschemie; Angew. Chemie, 73, 1-6 (1961).
39. G. Strukal (ed), Catalytic Oxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant, Kluwer Academic Publ. (1992), G. Goor, Hydrogen peroxide: Manufacture and industrial use for production of organic chemicals (13 - 43).
40. G. Brown, D. F. Dong, J. A. McIntyre, R. F. Phillips; Alkaline peroxide solutions for the pulp & paper industry; Tappi Pulping Conference Proceedings, 341 - 344 (1983).
41. I. Mathur, R. Dawe, Using on-site produced alkaline peroxide for pulp bleaching; Tappi J. 82 (3), 157 - 163 (1999).
42. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente, p824f, VCH, Weinheim (1988).
43. F. P. Greenspan, The convenient preparation of peracids; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68, 907 (1946).
44. J. Jäkärä, A. Parén, J. Nyman; Production and use of different peracids in chemical pulp bleaching; Paperi ja Puu, 80 (4), 281 - 287 (1998).
45. Ozone, Kirk-Othmer, (4.) 17, 975, Wiley (1996).
46. M. J. Kirschner; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 24, 581f (2003).
47. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 34, 565f, Wiley-VCH (2003)
48. J. Melzer; Stabilität von Natriumdithionit in wässrigen Lösungen, Wochenbl. f. Papierf. 118 (22), 925 - 931 (1990).
49. www.gutenberg.org; Homer, Odyssey, Book XXII, final and preceding paragraph.
50. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 34, 659f (2003)
51. K.-E. L. Eriksson: Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry, Springer, Berlin (1997).
52. R. Bourbonnais, M. G. Paice, "Enzymatic Delignification of Kraft Pulp using Laccase and a Mediator", Tappi J. 79, 199 (1996).
53. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 33, 236f (2003)
54. H. Sixta, Handbook of pulp, p113, Wiley VCH, (2006).
55. www.quantumtech.com/qowl.htm.
56. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 32, 414f, (2003)
57. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 35, 60f, (2003)
58. Ullmanns Encyklopedie d. techn. Chemie 16, 355f (1978).
59. Glossary of bleaching terms, Paptac, Montreal
60. J. E. Tasman, V. Berzins, The permanganate consumption of pulp materials II: The kappa number; Tappi J. 40 (9), 695-699 (1957).
61. J. E. Tasman, V. Berzins, The permanganate consumption of pulp materials III: The relationship of the kappa number to the lignin content of pulp, Tappi J. 40 (9), 699-704 (1957).
62. Determination of kappa number: ISO 302, related methods: Paptac Standard G.18, TAPPI T236cm-85, SCAN-C1, Appita P201 (2004).
63. T. McDonough; Kraft pulp yield basics; Tappi Breaking the pulp yield barrier symposium, 1-9 (1998).
64. H. Sixta, Handbook of pulp, Vol. 1, S. 185-186, Wiley (2006).
65. T. Vuorinen, P. Fagerström, J. Buchert, M. Tenkanen, A. Teleman; Selective Hydrolysis of Hexenuronic Acid Groups and its Application in ECF and TCF Bleaching of Kraft Pulps, J. Pulp & Paper Science, 25 (5), 155-162 (1999).
66. J. Li. G. Gellerstedt; On the strutural significance of kappa number measurement; ISWPC, proceedings, G1-1-G4-1, Montreal (1997).
67. J. Andrews, C. Chirat, G. Mortha, V. Grezkowiak, Modified bleaching sequences for South African hardwood Kraft pulps; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Quebec, proceedings, 55-60 (2008).
68. H. Sixta, Handbook of pulp, p 642f, Wiley VCH, (2006).
69. J. Gierer; The chemistry of delignification; Holzforschung 36, 55-64 (1982).
70. A. van Heiningen, Y. Ji, E. Vanska; New kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Québec, 91-98 (2008).
71. V. M. Nikitin, G. L. Akim; Delignification and chemical refining of unbleached pulp with oxygen-alkali; Trudy Leningrad. Lesotekh. Akad.im.S.M. Kirova, 75, 145-155 (1956).
72. A. Robert, P. Rérolle, A. Viallet, C. Martin Borret; Possibilités offertes par l'oxygène pour le blanchiment des pâtes à papier; 1. partie-Améliorations apportées par l'emploi d'un catalyseur. Conditions optimales du traitement par l'oxygène; A.T.I.P. Bulletin, 18 (4), 151-165 (1964).
73. G. Rowlandson; Continuous oxygen bleaching in commercial production; Tappi J. 54, 962-967 (1971).
74. C. J. Myburgh; Operation of the Enstra oxygen bleaching plant; Tappi J., 57, 131-133 (1974).
75. 2.) and hydroxyl (OH.) radicals in TCF bleaching processes: A review, Holzforschung, 51 (1), 34-46 (1997).
76. J. Bouchard, J. Wang, R. Berry; The role of hydroxyl and oxyl anion radicals in oxygen delignification selectivity; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, Québec, 81-86 (2008).
77. M. Ragnar, Boosting oxygen delignification by means of maximizing availability of dissolved oxygen, Paptac 94th Annual Meeting, B347 -B355 (2007).
78. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemie der Elemente, p 785, VCH, Weinheim (1988).
79. V. B. Rewatkar, C.P. J. Bennington; Gas-liquid transfer in pulp retention towers; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 171-180 (2002).
80. A. I. Glazunov, A. M. Kryazhev, S. V. Musinskii; Solubility of oxygen in sodium hydroxide solutions; Teellyl. Bum. Karton 7-8, 17-19 (1997).
81. R. Berry, Z. H. Jiang, M. Faubert, B. van Lierop, G. Sacciadis; Recommendations from computer modelling for improved single stage delignification systems; 88th PAPTAC annual meeting B151-161 (2002).
82. J. Susilo, C. P. J. Bennington; Modelling oxygen delignification systems; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 119-124 (2005).
83. M. Ragnar, K. Ala-Kaila; On the demand of oxygen for oxygen delignification of chemical pulp, IPW/Papier (8), T146-T149 (2004).
84. R. Alén, E. Sjöström; Formation of low molecular mass compounds during the oxygen delignification of pine Kraft pulp; Holzforschung, 45, 83 (1991).
85. G. Gellerstedt, E.-L. Lindfors; Hydrophilic groups in lignin after oxygen bleaching; Tappi J. 70 (6), 119-122 (1987).
86. M. Samela, R, Alén, K. Ala-Kaila; Fate of oxygen in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification of softwood Kraft pulp; Nordic Pulp & Paper Research J. 19 (1), 97-104 (2004).
87. th Annual Congress, São Paulo (2005), proc. CD.
88. H. U. Suess, K. Schmidt, M. Del Grosso, M. Mahagaonkar; Peroxide application in ECF sequences-a description of the state-of-the-art; Appita 53 (2), 116-121, (2000).
89. o ABTCP-Tappi Congresso Anual, São Paulo (2006), proc. CD.
90. A. Teleman, V. Harjunpää, M. Tenkanen, J. Buchert, T. Hausalo, T. Drakenberg, T. Vuorinen; Characterisation of 4-deoxy-β-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid attached to xylan in pine Kraft pulp and pulping liquor by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy; Carbohydr. Res. 272, 55-71 (1995).
91. A. van Heiningen, Y. Ji, E. Vanska; New kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Quebec, 91-98 (2008).
92. T. Vuorinen, P. Fagerström, J. Buchert, M. Tenkanen, A. Teleman; Selective Hydrolysis of Hexenuronic Acid Groups and its Application in ECF and TCF Bleaching of Kraft Pulps, J. Pulp & Paper Sci., 25 (5), 155-162 (1999).
93. J. Andrews, C. Chirat, G. Mortha, V. Grezkowiak, Modified bleaching sequences for South African hardwood Kraft pulps; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Quebec, proc. 55-60 (2008).
94. J. Li. G. Gellerstedt; On the structural significance of kappa number measurement; ISWPC, Montreal, proc. G1-1-G4-1 (1997).
95. A. Maréchal, Acid extraction of the alkaline wood pulps (Kraft or Soda/AQ) before or during bleaching, reason and opportunity; J. Wood Chem. & Techn. 13 (2), 261 (1993).
96. T. Vuorinen, P. Fagerström, E. Räsänen, A.Vikkula; Selective hydrolysis of hexenuronic acid groups opens new possibilities for development of bleaching processes; ISWPC, Montreal, M4-1-M4-4 (1997).
97. A. Teleman, T. Hausalo, M. Tenkanen, T. Vuorinen; Identification of the acidic degradation products of hexenuronic acid and characterisation of hexenuronic acid-substituted xylooligosaccharides by NMR spectroscopy; Carbohydr. Res. 280, 197-208 (1996).
98. o congress anual, São Paulo, proc. 91-98 (1997).
99. st Annual Congress, São Paulo, proc. (1998).
100. M. Rodrigues da Silva, M. A. Lopes Peixoto, J. L. Colodette; Mill experience using a hot acid stage for eucalyptus Kraft pulp bleaching; Int. Pulp bleaching Conf. proc. 287-297 (2002).
101. z bleaching of Kraft pulp; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., book 1, 279-287 (1998).
102. M. S. Rabelo, J. L. Colodette, V. M. Sacon, M. Rodrigues da Silva; ECF "light" bleaching of eucalyptus pulp with molybdenium activated peroxide: Laboratory and mill trial results; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 169-175 (2008).
103. R. Hise; p 252, in C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve, Ed.; Pulp bleaching-principles and practice, Tappi Press, Atlanta, (1996).
104. J. J. Kolar, B. O. Lindgren, B. Pettersson; Chemical reactions in chlorine dioxide stages of pulp bleaching; Wood Sci. Technol. 17, 117-128 (1983).
105. D. Svenson, H. Jameel, Hou-min Chang, J. F. Kadla; Inorganic reactions in chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood Kraft pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 631-643 (1999).
106. D. W. Reeve, Chlorine dioxide in delignification, p 265f C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve, Ed.; Pulp bleaching-principles and practice, Tappi Press, Atlanta, (1996).
107. C. Brage, T. Eriksson, J. Gierer, Reactions of chlorine dioxide with lignins in unbleached pulp, Part 1; Holzforschung, 45 (1), 23-30 (1991).
108. C. Brage, T. Eriksson, J. Gierer, Reactions of chlorine dioxide with lignins in unbleached pulp, Part 2; Holzforschung, 45 (2), 147-152 (1991).
109. Z.-H. Jiang, B. van Lierop, R. Berry; Improving chlorine dioxide bleaching with aldehydes; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 225-235 (2002).
110. Z.-H. Jiang, B. van Lierop, R. Berry, A. Audet, R. Thompson, S. Tenhaeff, D. Valach, P. Kossacki, J. Bannon, R. Blake; The first mill trial of aldehyde-enhanced bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 206-215 (2005).
111. W. W. Al-Dajani, Z.-H. Jiang, R. Berry, B. van Lierop; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 21-27 (2008).
112. J. Basta, L. Andersson, C. Blom, G. Wäne, N. G. Johansson; New and improved possibilities in D100 bleaching; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 547-553 (1992).
113. H. U. Suess, W. L. Eul, N. F. Nimmerfroh, J. Meier; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 527-537 (1989).
114. O. Dahl, K. Lampela, J. Fiskari, T. Tirri, J. Niinimäki; Optimization of chlorine dioxide consumption in ECF bleaching; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 1067-1075 (1999).
115. P. Hart, D. Connell; Improving chlorine dioxide bleaching efficiency by selecting optimal pH targets; Tappi Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conf. proc. CD (2005).
116. nd edition, Tappi Press p 130-179 (1963).
117. st Paptac Annual Meeting, Montreal, proc. 579-593 (2005).
118. G. E. Seger, H. Jameel, H. Chang; A two-stage high-pH/low-pH method for improved efficiency of D-stage bleaching; Tappi J. 75 (7), 174-180 (1992).
119. th Annual Meeting proc. 247-252 (2009).
120. H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt, M. Del Grosso, M. Mahagaonkar, Peroxide Application in ECF Sequences-a description of the state-of-the-art; Appita 53 (2), 116-121 (2000).
121. H. Sixta, Handbook of Pulp, p 759 Wiley-VCH (2006).
122. W. D. Harrison, C. R. Calkins; A study of variables affecting chlorine dioxide bleaching of semibleached sulphate pulp, Tappi J. 38 (11), 641-648 (1955).
123. A. Teleman, V. Harjunpää, M. Tenkanen, J. Buchert, T. Hausalo, T. Drakenberg, T. Vuorinen; Characterisation of 4-deoxy-β-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid attached to xylan in pine Kraft pulp and pulping liquor by 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopy; Carbohydr. Res. 272, 55-71 (1995).
124. A. Maréchal, Acid extraction of the alkaline wood pulps (Kraft or Soda/AQ) before or during bleaching, reason and opportunity; J. Wood Chem. & Techn. 13 (2), 261 (1993).
125. T. Vuorinen, P. Fagerström, J. Buchert, M. Tenkanen, A. Teleman; Selective hydrolysis of hexenuronic acid groups and its application in ECF and TCF bleaching of Kraft pulp; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. I, 43-51 (1996).
126. D. Lachenal, C. Chirat, High temperature ClO2 bleaching of Kraft pulp, 1998 Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Helsinki, proc. 1, 95-98 (A breakthrough in ECF bleaching of hardwood Kraft pulps; 1998 Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 601-604, Tappi J. 83 (8), 96 (2000).
127. A. Teleman, T. Hausalo, M. Tenkanen, T. Vuorinen; Identification of the acidic degradation products of hexenuronic acid and characterisation of hexenuronic acid-substituted xylo oligosaccharides by NMR spectroscopy; Carbohydr. Res., 280, 197-208 (1996).
128. th ABTCP Congresso Anual, São Paulo (2004), proc.
129. S. Juutilainen, T. Vuorinen, A. Vilpponen, K. Henricson, O. Pikka; Combining chlorine dioxide bleaching of birch Kraft pulp with an A stage at high temperature; Tappi Pulping Conf., 645-651 (1999).
130. F. de Sousa, M.-C. Kolar, K. P. Kringstad, S.E. Swansson, C. Rappe, B. Glas; Influence of chlorine ratio on the formation of PCDFs and PCDDs in pulp bleaching; Tappi J., (4) 147-153 and (6) 163-170 (1989).
131. B. S. Das; Tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone as a compound in bleached Kraft chlorination efflent toxic to young salmon; J. Fish Res. Board Can., 23 (6), 813-824 (1966) and P&P Canada, 73 (10), T265 (1972).
132. G. P. Donnini; Elimination of toxicity and mutagenicity of chlorination effluents with sulfur dioxide, CPPA annual meeting, proc. B95-B103 (1981).
133. H. U. Suess, W. L. Eul, N. F. Nimmerfroh, J. Meier; Environmental aspects of short sequence bleaching; Tappi Pulping Conf., proc. 527-537 (1989).
134. K. Solomon, H. Bergman, R. Huggett, D. Mackey, B. McKague; A review and assessment of the ecological risk associated with the use of chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of pulp; Pulp Paper Can. 97 (10), T345-T354 (1996).
135. U. Germgard, S. Larsson, Oxygen bleaching in the modern softwood Kraft pulp mill, Pap. ja Puu, 65 (4), 287-290 (1983).
136. J. Basta, L. Holtinger, J. Höök, P. Lundgren; Low AOX, possibilities and consequences; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 427-435 (1989).
137. J. Basta, L. Andersson, C. Blom, L. Holtinger, J. Höök; Reduction of AOX levels Part 2: chlorine-free bleaching; Appita, 45 (1), 29-32 (1992).
138. S. Ljunggren, E. Bergnor-Gidnert, J. Kolar, Chlorine dioxide bleaching with a two-step low-high pH profile. Tappi J., 79 (12), 152-160 (1996).
139. st Paptac annual meeting, Montreal, D413-D425 (2005).
140. K. Naumann, Chlorchemie der Natur; Chemie in unserer Zeit, 27 (1), 33-41 (1993).
141. D. C. Pryke, M. T. Barden; Environmental performance of Maine's bleached Kraft pulp and paper mills, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 156-161 (2005).
142. R. Berry, Dioxins and furans in effluents, pulp and solid waste; p 799-818 in: Pulp bleaching-principles and practice, Ed. C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve; Tappi Press, Atlanta, (1996).
143. A. B. Landim, C. P. Renault, G. de P. C. Renault; Water quality biomonitoring on the Doce river in Brazil, near a eucalyptus Kraft mill effluent discharge, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. Stockholm, proc. 168-174 (2005).
144. J. Liebig; Über die Zersetzung des Alkohols durch Chlor; Ann. Pharmacie, 1, 31 {thorn}198 (1832).
145. H. U. Süss, N. Nimmerfroh; Zur Bildung halogenierter Verbindungen bei der Zellstoffbleiche; Papier 45 (2), 52-60 (1991).
146. V. J. Dallons, D. R. Hoy, R. Messmer, R. J. Crawford; Chloroform formation and release from pulp bleaching; Tappi J. (6), 91-95 (1990).
147. H. U. Suess, N. Nimmerfroh, H. F. Jakob, J. Meier; Organically bound chlorine in chemical pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 705-711 (1991).
148. nd ABTCP congresso anual (1999) proc. and: Branqueamento de pasta Kraft de eucalipto com baixo teor residual de compostos halogenados (OX)-"ECF-light"; O Papel, Maio (2000).
149. D. W. Reeve, Organochlorine in bleached Kraft pulp, Tappi J. 74 (2), 123-126 (1991).
150. H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt; Generation of halogenated compounds in bleaching without chlorine, can TCF be chlorine-free?; H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt; IPW/Papier, (5) T 69-73 (2000).
151. th ISWPC, Madison, WI, proc. Vol. I, 45-48 (2003).
152. R. Berry; (Oxidative) Alkaline Extraction; 291-320; in "Pulp Bleaching, Principles and Practice", Eds. C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996).
153. D. W. Reid, L. Morisette; The Impact of sample temperature on pH of extraction stage filtrates; PAPTAC 90th annual meeting, C1641-C1649 (2004).
154. H. U. Suess, K. Schmidt, M. Del Grosso, M. Mahagaonkar; Peroxide Application in ECF Sequences-a description of the state-of-the-art; Appita 53 (2), 116-121 (2000).
155. L. Andersson, J. Basta, L. Holtinger, J. Höök; The use of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching of chemical pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 445-454 (1985).
156. J. Basta, L. Andersson, C. Blom, L. Holtinger, J. Höök; Reduction of AOX levels Part 2: chlorine-free bleaching; Appita, 45 (1), 29-32 (1992).
157. D. Lachenal, M. Muguet; Reducing TOCl with the OxO process; Pulp Paper Can. 92 (12), T297-T301 (1991).
158. B. van Lierop, M. Faubert, G. Sacciadis, Zhi-Hua Jiang; High temperature extraction: Understanding the interaction of variables through modelling; Tappi Fall Technical Conference, Atlanta, proceedings CD (2004).
159. H. U. Suess, J. D. Kronis; the correlation of COD and yield in chemical pulp bleaching, Tappi Breaking the pulp yield barrier symposium, 153-162 (1998).
160. o Congresso Anual, São Paulo, proc. (2005).
161. D. Lachenal, C. de Choudens, L. Bouron; Reinforcement of oxygen alkali extraction with hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite; Tappi Pulping Conf. proceedings, 439-443 (1985).
162. J. Gierer; The chemistry of delignification, part II; Holzforschung, 36, 55-64 (1982).
163. J. Basta, L. Andersson, C. Blom, A. Forsström, G. Wäne, N.-G. Johannsson, New and improved possibilities in D100 bleaching; Tappi Pulping Conference proc. 547-553 (1992).
164. nd Annual Meeting; proc. CD, C21-C31 (2006).
165. J. Takagi, K. Ishigure; Thermal decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and ist effect on reactor water monitoring of boiling water reactors; Nuclear Science and Engineering, 98, 177-186 (1985).
166. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente; VCH, Weinheim, p 828, (1988).
167. H. U. Suess, M. Janik; On the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide in Bleaching Processes by the Peroxocarbonic Acid Anion; ISWFPC, Durban (2007), proc. poster session.
168. H. H. B. Lee, A.-H. Park, C. Oloman, Stability of hydrogen peroxide in sodium carbonate solutions; Tappi J. (2000), Peer reviewed online paper.
169. H. U. Süss, B. Hopf, K. Schmidt; Optimising peroxide bleaching of deinked pulps in the disperser, 2002 PTS-CTP Deinking Symposium, München, in German: Wochenbl. f. Papierfab. 130 (11/12), 738-745 (2002).
170. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente; VCH, Weinheim, p 115, (1988).
171. th Annual Conf. B356-B361 (2008).
172. H. U. Süss, W. Eul, O. Helmling; Semi bleaching of Kraft pulp using oxygen and hydrogen peroxide; Papier 43 (7), 318-323 (1989).
173. J. Bouchard, H. M. Nugent and R. M. Berry; A comparison between acid treatment and chelation prior to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of Kraft pulps, J. Pulp & Paper Science; 21 (6), J203-J208 (1995).
174. L. Lapierre, J. Bouchard, R. M. Berry and B. van Lierop; Chelation prior to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of Kraft pulps: An overview; J. Pulp & Paper Science 21 (8), J268-J273 (1995).
175. J. Basta, L. Holtinger, W. Hermansson, P. Lundgren; Metal management in TCF/ECF bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 29-32 (1994).
176. H. U. Suess, N. F. Nimmerfroh; Hydrogen peroxide in chemical pulp bleaching; ABTCP meeting, Vitoria (1996).
177. L. Lapierre, M. Paleologou, J. Bouchard, R. Berry; The limits of metal removal from Kraft pulp by acid treatment; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 515-517 (1996).
178. H. Loutfi; The use of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching of north-eastern Kraft softwood pulp; CPPA annual meeting B71-B77 (1981).
179. R. Lachapelle, W. G. Strunk, R. J. Klein; Using hydrogen peroxide in 100% chlorine dioxide bleaching sequences; Tappi J., 75 (6), 181-186 (1992).
180. J. Höök, L. Meuller, S. Wallin; Väteperoxid i alkalistegen höjer kvaliteten; Nordisk Cellulosa (2), 47-50 (1985).
181. R. Owins, W. G. Strunk. T. Y. Meng; Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide in high density storage; P&P Canada, 86 (9), T265-T270 (1985).
182. o Congresso anual de celulose e papel, São Paulo (1995).
183. o ABTCP Congresso anual de celulose e papel 15-28 (1997).
184. G. Gellerstedt, A. Gärtner, L. Heuts; The chemistry of peroxide bleaching of Kraft pulps; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 505-508 (1996).
185. H. U. Süss, C. Leporini Filho; ECF Bleaching: Balancing hydrogen peroxide bleaching effects and pulp yield; ABTCP Congresso anual (1997), proc.
186. o ABTCP Congresso anual (2000).
187. B. Stromberg, R. Szopinski; Pressurized hydrogen peroxide bleaching for improved TCF bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Vancouver, BC, proc. 199-209 (1994).
188. B. Dillner, P. Tibbling; Optimum use of peroxide and ozone in TCF bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Vancouver, BC, proc. 319-333 (1994).
189. L. Sjödin, S. Norén; Extended delignification with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in ECF and TCF sequences; Tappi Pulping Conference, proc. 21-27 (1994).
190. A. Milanez, J. L. Colodette; Optimal conditions for bleaching eucalyptus Kraft pulp with three stages; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 17-24 (2005).
191. o Congresso Internacional de Celulose e Papel (2004).
192. Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996)
193. Paptac Standard Testing Methods, Paptac, Montreal, Canada, tech@patac.ca.
194. A.-S. Jääskeläinen, A.-M. Saariaho, P. Matousek, A. Parker, M. Towrie, T. Vuorinen; Characterization of residual lignin structures by UV Raman Spectroscopy and the possibilities of Raman spectroscopy in the visible region with Kerr-gated fluorescence rejection; ISWPC, Madison, WI, proc. 139-142 (2003).
195. M. Suchy, D. Argyropoulos; Catalysis and activation of oxygen and peroxide delignification of chemical pulp: a review; Tappi J., April, 1-18 (2002).
196. R. Hage, A. Lienke; Anwendung von Übergangsmetallkomplexen zum Bleiche von Textilien und Holzpulpe; Angew. Chemie, 117, 2-20 (2005).
197. H.-J. Mielisch, O. Kordsachia, R. Patt; Katalysierte Wasserstoffperoxidbleiche; Papier, 50, V16-V23 (1996).
198. K. Wieghardt; Die aktiven Zentren in maganhaltigen Metalloproteinen und anorganische Modellkomplexe; Angew. Chemie, 101, 1179-1198 (1989).
199. R. C. Eckert, US-Pat. 894561 (1978).
200. Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Mo Suppl. Vol B3a 245; Vol. B3b, 139, 273 (1989).
201. J. Jäkärä, A. Parén, J. Patola, Peroxide activation-a key to high brightness in TCF bleaching of softwood Kraft pulp, 8th ISWPC, Helsinki, Vol 1, 377-382 (1995).
202. th ISWPC, Madison, WI, CD vol i/i, 81 (2003).
203. o ABTCP-PI congresso internacional (2005).
204. o ABTCP congresso internacional (2005).
205. M.S. Rabelo, J. L. Colodette, V. M. Sacon, M. Rodrigues da Silva; ECF "light" bleaching of eucalyptus pulp with molybdenium activated peroxide: Laboratory and mill trial results; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 169-175 (2008).
206. D. L. Reichert; Hydrogen peroxide pulp bleaching in titanium equipment; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 73-76 (1994).
207. R. W. Schutz and M. Xiao; Development of practical guidelines for titanium in alkaline peroxide bleach solutions; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. 153-157 (1994).
208. S. J. Clarke and D. L. Singbeil; Corrosion of titanium in alkaline peroxide bleaching media; Pulp Paper Canada 95 (10), T417-T421 (1994).
209. rd Annual meeting CPPA, proc. A47-A52 (1997).
210. R. Helander, B. Nilsson, G. Bohman; Development and progress in ozone bleaching at the Skoghall mill; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 289-291 (1994).
211. J. Bouchard, H. M. Nugent, R. M. Berry; The role of water and hydrogen ion concentration in ozone bleaching of Kraft pulp at medium consistency; Tappi J. 78 (1), 74-82 (1995).
212. E. Halinen, C.-A. Lindholm, J- Gullichsen, K. Henricson; Effect of dissolved organic material from various sources on the efficiency and selectivity of MC ozone bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 1-9 (1994).
213. J. Gierer; The chemistry of delignification, part II; Holzforschung, 36, 55-64 (1982).
214. C. A. Lindholm; Alkaline extraction of ozone-bleached pulp. Part 3. The sodium hydroxide dose; Paperi ja Puu, 74 (9), 738-743 (1992).
215. C. A. Lindholm; Alkaline extraction of ozone-bleached pulp. Part 4 Comparison of E, (EB), (EO), (EP) and (EOP) treatment; J. Pulp and Paper Science, 19 (3), 108-113 (1993).
216. W. E. Nutt, S. W. Eachus, B. F. Griggs, M. A. Pikulin; Development of an ozone bleaching process; Tappi Pulping Conf., proc. 1109-1126 (1992).
217. P. M. Gottlieb, W. E. Nutt, S. R. Miller, T. Macas; Mill experience in the high consistency ozone bleaching of southern pine pulps; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 1183-1204 (1993).
218. A. Fuhrmann, Ozone bleaching in ECF sequences-where and why?; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 150-155 (2005).
219. C. Chirat, D. Lachenal, R. Angelier, M.-T. Viardin; (DZ) and (ZD) bleaching: Fundamentals and application; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 197-202 (1996).
220. C. E. Courchene, T. McDonough, M. K. Turner; Rapid D/Z and Z/D stages for delignification of southern pine Kraft pulp; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 253-264 (2002).
221. M. Rodrigues da Silva, M. A. Lopes Peixoto, A. Zolio, E. C. Tonelli; Improvements in the bleach plants-VCP case; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 231-238 (2000).
222. o ABTCP Congresso anual, proc. (2003).
223. o ABTCP Congresso anual, proc. (2007).
224. C. Chirat, D. Lachenal, F. Lambert, C. Coste; Use of ozone in a last bleaching stage; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 99-102 (1996).
225. D. Lachenal, G. Pipon, C. Chirat; Final pulp bleaching by ozonation: Chemical justification and practical operating conditions; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 181-185 (2008).
226. J. Gierer; The chemistry of delignification, part II; Holzforschung, 36, 55-64 (1982).
227. K. Ruohoniemi, J. Heiko, I. Laakso, S. Martikainen, V. Väyrynen, J. Jäkärä; Experience in the use of peracetic acid in ECF and TCF bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. I, 145-150 (1998).
228. rd Appita Conference proc. 463-467 (1999).
229. H. Hämäläinen, V.-M. Vuorenpalo, R. Anderson, M. Nyman; Peracetic acid bleaching of Kraft pulps: present status, development and mill experience; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. (from replacement of paper on pages 159-164) (2008).
230. P. Wickström, Increased brightness by adding a peracetic acid stage; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 216-221 (2005).
231. R. C. Francis, N. A. Troughton, X.-Z. Zhang, R. T. Hill, Caroate delignification enhanced by halides, Tappi J. 77 (7), 135-141 (1994).
232. H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt; Generation of Halogenated Compounds in Bleaching without Chlorine, Can TCF be chlorine-free?; IPW/Papier, (5), T 69-73 (2000).
233. N. Nimmerfroh, H. U. Suess; Generation and application of peractids for chemical pulp bleaching-A cost comparison; Int. Non-chlorine Bleaching Conf., Orlando, FL, proc. (1996).
234. K.-E. L. Eriksson: Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry, Springer, Berlin (1997).
235. K. Addleman, F. Archibald; Kraft pulp bleaching and delignification by dikaryons and monokaryons of Trametes versicolor. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 266-273 (1993).
236. R. Bourbonnais, M. G. Paice, I. D. Reid, P. Lanthier, M. Yaguchi; Lignin oxidation by laccase Isozymes from Trametes versicolor and role of the mediator 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) in Kraft lignin depolymerization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1876-1880 (1995).
237. R. Bourbonnais, M. G. Paice; Oxidation of non-phenolic substrates. FEBS Lett. 267, 99-102 (1990).
238. R. Bourbonnais, M. G. Paice, "Enzymatic Delignification of Kraft Pulp using Laccase and a Mediator", Tappi J. 79, 199 (1996).
239. ®-process). J. Biotechnol. 53, 163-202 (1997).
240. th ISWPC, G2-1 -G2-4 (1997).
241. th ISWPC, F4-1-F4-5 (1997).
242. ® process; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 71-76 (1998).
243. H. Jakob, M. Del Grosso, A. Küver, N. Nimmerfroh und H. U. Süss; Delignifizierung von Zellstoff mit Laccase und Mediator- Ein Konzept mit Zukunft?; Papier 53 (2), 85-95 (1999).
244. rd Int. Conf. Biotechnology in P&P Ind., Proc. 67-69 (1986).
245. L. Viikari, M. Ranua, A. Kantelinen, M. Linko, J. Sundquist; Application of enzymes in bleaching; 4th ISWPC, Vol. 1, 151-154 (1987).
246. A. Kantelinen, J. Sundquist, M. Linko, L. Viikari; The role of precipitated xylan in the enzymatic bleaching of Kraft pulp; 6th ISWPC, 493-500 (1991).
247. R. Lantto, T. Tamminen, B. Hortling, M. Ranu, L. Viikari, J. Buchert; A novel enzyme for bleach boosting; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. 171-174 (2000).
248. P. S. Skerker, R. L. Farell, H.-M. Chang; Chlorine-free bleaching with CartazymeTM HS treatment; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. Vol. 2, 93-105 (1991).
249. D. C. Pryke, M. T. Barden; Environmental performance of Maine's bleached Kraft pulp and paper mills, Intn. Pulp Bleaching Conference, 156-161 (2005).
250. H. Hämälainen, A. Parén, J. Jäkärä, T. Fant; Mill-scale application of a molybdate-activated peroxide delignification process in ECF and TCF production of softwood and hardwood Kraft pulps, ISWPC, Madison, WI, CD vol i/i, 81 (2003).
251. H. U. Suess, K. Schmidt, M. Del Grosso; Options to improve TCF-bleaching of sulfite pulp, 57th Appita Annual Conference, Melbourne, proc. (2003).
252. th ISWPC, Helsinki, 369-376 (1995).
253. M. Suchy, D. Argyropoulos; Catalysis and activation of oxygen and peroxide delignification of chemical pulp: a review; Tappi J., April, 1-18 (2002).
254. M. Rodrigues da Silva, M. A. Lopes Peixoto, A. Zolio, E. C. Tonelli; Improvements in the bleach plants-VCP case; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 231-238 (2000).
255. P. Liias, T. Merikallo; Metsa-Rauma process-a forerunner in TCF quality; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 269-274 (1998).
256. J. Gullichsen, Bleaching, the Scandinavian situation; International Pulp Bleaching Conf., Helsinki, Opening session (1998).
257. H. Sundqvist, Modern Kraft pulp mill: How to meet simultaneously economical, environmental and customer's requirements; IPW/Papier, (12), T207-T210 (2001).
258. K. Vuorenvirta, S. Panula-Ontto, A. Fuhrmann; Peracetic acid in bleaching of softwood pulp; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 521-525 (1998).
259. rd CPPA annual meeting, proc. B129-B136 (1997).
260. H. Hämäläinen, V.-M. Vuorenpalo, R. Anderson, M. Nyman; Peracetic acid bleaching of Kraft pulps: present status, development and mill experience; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. (from replacement of paper on pages 159-164) (2008).
261. R. Savolainen, K. Norberg, H. Lindberg; A modern ECF bleaching concept: Experience and ECO mill perspectives at Stora Skoghall; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 263-268 (1998).
262. M. Rodrigues da Silva, M. A. Lopes Peixoto, A. Zolio, E. C. Tonelli; Improvements in the bleach plants-VCP case; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 231-238 (2000).
263. R. C. Taylor, H. U. Suess, J. D. Kronis; Selection of the best available technology for TCF bleaching of sulfite pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 851-860 (1998).
264. European Commission, Integrated Pollution prevention control (IPPC) Reference document on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry, Sevilla, Spain, (July 2000)
265. H. U. Süss, H. Krüger; Die Zellstoffbleiche mit Peroxid unter neuen Aspekten; Papier, 34 (10A), V25-V32 (1980).
266. R. Patt, O. Kordsachia, A. Geisenheiner, A. Reinhard; TCF-gebleichte Hochausbeute-Magnesium-bisulfitzellstoffe mit hohen Festigkeiten; IPW/Papier (1), T1-T7 (full paper on CDROM: Patt 01-02) (2002).
267. H. Krüger, H. U. Süss; Oxygen/peroxide bleaching of sulphite pulp-a possibility for brightness improvement; Pulp Paper Can. 85 (12), T297-T299 (1984).
268. H. U. Süss; Die Delignifizierung von Sulfitzellstoff mit Sauerstoff und Wasserstoffperoxid; Papier, 40 (1), 10-15 (1986).
269. E. Wackerberg, D. Fletcher, J. Basta, N. Johansson; High temperature peroxide stage optimization on hardwood and softwood sulfite pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 569-575 (1997).
270. S. A. Heimburger, K. F. French, N. Weber; Optimizing pressurized peroxide bleaching of a hardwood sulfite pulp; Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 559-568 (1997).
271. H. Böttcher, R. Kamprath, Umweltfreundliche Zellstofferzeugung auf Basis des konventionellen Magnesium-Bisulfit-Verfahrens, Papier, 44 (10A), V26-V32 (1990).
272. N. Nimmerfroh, H. U. Süss, H.-P. Böttcher, W. Lüttgen, A. Geisenheiner, The German approach to the closed-cycle sulfite mill-development and implementation; Pulp Paper Can. 96 (12), T414-T420 (1995).
273. C. Nordberg, S. Häggström, A. Berglund, B. Hultman; High quality sulphite pulp-loe environmental impact; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. Vol. III, 135-148 (1991).
274. www.domsjoe.com-process description.
275. P. Wickström, Improved brightness by adding a peracetic acid stage; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. 216-221 (2005).
276. O. Kordsachia, A. Reinhard; Bleiche von saurem Fichtensulfitzellstoff unter Einsatz von Ozon;Lenzinger Berichte 86, 71-84 (2006).
277. H. Sixta, G. Götzinger, A. Schrittwieser, P. Hendel; Medium consistency ozone bleaching: Laboratory and mill experience, Papier 45 (10), 610-625 (1991).
278. W. Sturm, Hochweisse Sulfitzellstoffe durch absolut chlorfreie Bleiche-Aktivierung von Peroxid durch Nitrilamin, Wochenbl. f. Papierfab. 118 (10), 423-424 (1990).
279. J. G. Kuchler, W. G. Sturm, H. E. Teichmann; Hohe Weissgrade und deutlich bessere Delignifizerungsleistung in der OPMgO-Stufe-Aktivierung von Peroxid durch Nitrilamin; Papier, 47 (2), 53-55 (1993).
280. J. Kappel, M. Grengg, P. Bräuer; High-consistency bleaching technology for TCF pulps; Pulp & Paper Canada, 95 (1), T1-T6 (1994).
281. H. U. Suess, K. Schmidt, M. Del Grosso; Options to Improve TCF-Bleaching of Sulfite Pulp, 57th Appita Annual Conference, Melbourne (2003).
282. K. Ala-Kaila, M. Salmela, R. Alén; Estimation of pulp yield in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification of softwood Kraft pulp; Nordic P & P Research J. 17 (4), 401-404 (2002).
283. K. Ala-Kaila, M. Salmela, R. Alén; Estimation of selectivity in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification of softwood Kraft pulp; Nordic P & P Research J. 17 (4), 405-409 (2002).
284. K. Ala-Kaila, M. Salmela, R. Alén; Experiences on estimating pulp yield and reaction selectivity in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification processes through dissolved material analysis; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 68-73 (2005).
285. K. Ala-Kaila, J. Li, O. Sevastyanaova, G. Gellerstedt; Apparent and actual delignification response in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification of birch Kraft pulp; Tappi J. (10), 23-27 (2003).
286. o ABTCP Congresso anual, 15-28 (1997).
287. H. U. Süss, J. D. Kronis; The Correlation of COD and Yield in Chemical Pulp Bleaching; Tappi Breaking the Pulp Yield Barrier Symposium, proc. 153-162 (1998).
288. H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt; Optimierung von Ausbeute und CSB bei der Zellstoffbleiche; Papier 52 (10A), V8-V13 (1998).
289. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood; de Gruyter, New York-Berlin, ISBN 3-11-008481-3 (1983), p 152
290. rd Appita Conf. proc. 301-308 (1999).
291. th Brazilian Symposium on the chemistry of lignins and other wood components; Belo Horizonte, proc. 159-167 (2001).
292. M. Paleologou, T. Mahmood, R. Voss, R. Berry; Progressive system closure: A Canadian perspective; 7th Brazilian Symposium on the chemistry of lignins and other wood components; Belo Horizonte, proc. 229 - 240 (2001).
293. C. Foelkel; eucalyptus online book, capitulo 2: Minerais e nutrientes das árvores dos eucaliptos see www.eucalyptus.com.br.
294. H. Sundqvist; Modern Kraft pulp mill: How to meet simultaneously economical, environmental and customer's requirements; IPW/Papier, T207 -T212 (2001).
295. Domsjo_0304.pdf at www.metsopaper.com.
296. P. Ulmgren; Non-process elements in a bleached Kraft pulp mill with increased system closure; 1996 Tappi Minimum Effluent Symposium, proc. 17 - 26.
297. K. Ala-Kaila, H. V. Nordén; Leaching of organic material in washing after oxygen delignification; Nordic Pulp & Paper Research J. 12 (2), 94 - 102 (1997).
298. A. Krotschek, Pulp Washing, p 511f; H. Sixta, Handbook of Pulp, Wiley-VCH (2006).
299. J. D. Ricketts; An overview of modern pulp washing systems; 1997 Tappi Pulping Conf. proc. 91 - 96
300. B. Joronen, R. Löppönen, O. Pikka, A. Vilpponen; Fractional washing in TCF and ECF bleaching - mill experiences; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. 219 - 227 (1998).
301. K. Ala-Kaila, O. Poukka; Possibilities of fractional filtrate configurations case: Bleaching of wood pulp fibres; Chem. Engin. J. 95, 187-197 (2003).
302. L. Scheinkmann, M. Ragnar, M. Leite, V. Snekkenes; Fractional washing scrutinized - on the relation between water consumption and COD content in a bleach plant, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 223 - 226 (2005).
303. D. W. Reeve, The effluent-free bleached Kraft pulp mill- Part XIII The second 15 years of development, P&P Canada 85 (2), T24-T30 (1984).
304. J. Fiskari, J. Gullichsen, C.-A. Lindholm, T. Vuorinen; Effluent closure of hardwood pulp TCF bleaching; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 649 - 653 (1998).
305. B. Myréen, T. Niemi; Total recirculation of ECF bleach plant filtrate; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 655 - 658 (1998).
306. A. B. Landim, C. P. Renault, G. de P. C. Renault; Water quality biomonitoring on the Doce river in Brazil, near a eucalyptus Kraft mill effluent discharge, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. Stockholm, proc. 168 - 174 (2005).
307. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood, 187f, de Gruyter (1984).
308. O. Sevastyanova, J. Li, M. E. Lindström, G. Gellerstedt; Influence of the bleaching sequence on the brightness stability of eucalyptus Kraft pulp; 3rd Int. Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Belo Horizonte, proc. CD (2007).
309. T. Liitiä, M. Ranua, T. Ohra-aho, B. Hortling, O. Pekkala, T. Tamminen; Formation of chromophores during alkaline pulping: Effects on bleachability and brightness stability; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., 194 - 199 (2005).
310. T. Vuorinen, I. Adorjan, A.-S. Jääskeläinen, T. Lehtimaa, K. Toikka, Z. Zhou; Reactivity of hexenuronic acid in bleaching of eucalyptus Kraft pulps; 3rd Int. Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Belo Horizonte, proc. CD (2007).
311. K. M. M. Eiras, J. L. Colodette, L. C. A. Barbosa; New insights on brightness stability of eucalyptus Kraft pulp; 3rd Int. Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Belo Horizonte, proc. CD (2007).
312. o ABTCP congresso annual proc. CD (2004).
313. O. Theander, D. A. Nelson; Aqueous, high temperature transformation of carbohydrates relative to utilization of biomass; Advances in Carbohydrate Chem. and Biochem. 46, 273 - 326 (1988).
314. Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996)
315. Paptac Standard Testing Methods, Paptac, Montreal, Canada, tech@patac.ca.
316. J.-E. Levlin, L. Söderhjelm, Pulp and Paper Testing, 128 - 129, Fapet Oy, Helsinki (1999).
317. T. Liitiä, T. Tamminen; How to evaluate the Kraft pulp brightness stability?; 3rd Int. Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Belo Horizonte, proc. CD (2007).
318. J. Gullichsen, The influence of temperature and humidity in the color reversion of pulp, Paperi ja Puu, 47, 215f (1965).
319. G. Gellerstedt, O. Dahlman, Recent hypothesis for brightness reversion of hardwood pulps; International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, proc. (Sep. 2003).
320. M. Tenkanen, I. Forsskåhl, T. Tamminen, M. Ranua, K. Vuorenvirta, K. Poppius-Levlin; Heat induced brightness reversion of ECF-light bleached pine kraft pulp; 7th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp; proc. 107 - 110 (2002).
321. A.-S. Jääskeläinen, A.-M. Saariaho, P. Matousek, A. Parker, M. Towrie, T. Vuorinen; Characterization of residual lignin structures by UV Raman Spectroscopy and the possibilities of Raman spectroscopy in the visible region with Kerr-gated fluorescence rejection; 12th ISWPC, Madison, WI, proc. Vol. I, 139 - 142 (2003).
322. T. Rosenau, A. Potthast, P. Kosma, H. U. Suess, N. Nimmerfroh; Chromophores in aged hardwood pulp - Their structure and degradation potential; 14th ISWFPC, Durban (2007) proc. CD and First isolation and identification of residual chromophores from aged bleached pulp samples; Holzforschung, 61, 656 - 661 (2007).
323. I. Adorjan, A. Potthast, T. Rosenau, H. Sixta, H., P. Kosma; Discoloration of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (Lyocell). Part 1: Studies on model compounds and pulps. Cellulose 12 (1), 51 - 57 (2004).
324. T. Rosenau, A. Potthast, W. Milacher, I. Adorjan, A. Hofinger, P. Kosma; Discoloration of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (Lyocell). Part 2: Isolation and Identification of Chromophores. Cellulose 12 (2), 197 - 208 (2004).
325. T. Rosenau, I. Adorjan, A. Potthast, P. Kosma, Isolation and identification of residual chromophores in cellulosic materials. Macromol. Symp. 223 (1), 239-252 (2005)
326. T. Popoff, O. Theander; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 1. Carbohydr. Res. 22, 135 - 149 (1972).
327. T. Popoff, O. Theander; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 3. Acta Chem. Scand. B 30, 397 - 402 (1976).
328. T. Popoff, O. Theander; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 4. Acta Chem. Scand. B 30, 705 - 710 (1976).
329. T. Popoff, O. Theander, E. Westerlund; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 6. Acta Chem. Scand. B 32, 1-7 (1978).
330. K. Olsson, P. A. Pernemalm, O. Theander; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 7. Acta Chem. Scand. B 32, 249 - 256 (1978).
331. O. Theander, E. Westerlund; Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. Part 8. Acta Chem. Scand. B 34, 701 - 705 (1980).
332. C. Lagercrantz; Formation of stable radicals in alkaline solution of some monosaccharides. Acta Chem. Scand. 18 (5), 1321 - 1324 (1964).
333. o ABTCP Congresso Internacional de Celulose e Papel, proc. CD (2003).
334. H. U. Suess, K. Schmidt, B. Hopf; ECF bleaching: Improving brightness stability of Kraft pulp; IPW/Papier, (6), T105-T111 (2004).
335. S. Rydholm, Pulping Processes, p. 983, Interscience Publishers (1965).
336. W. D. Harrison, C. R. Calkins; A study of variables affecting chlorine dioxide bleaching of semibleached sulphate pulp, Tappi J. 38 (11), 641 - 648 (1955).
337. D. Davies, T. Dietz, H. U. Suess; A comparison of options to improve brightness stability of chemical pulp; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf, proc. (2008).
338. o ABTCP congresso anual, proc. CD (2006).
339. H. Hämäläinen, V.-M. Vuorenpalo, R. Anderson, M. Nyman; Peracetic acid bleaching of kraft pulps: present status, development and mill experience; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. (from replacement of paper on pages 159 - 164) (2008).
340. C. Chirat, D. Lachenal; Other ways to use ozone in a bleaching sequence; Tappi J. 80 (9), 209 - 214 (1997).
341. H. U. Suess, D. Davies, T. Dietz; Pushing the brightness ceiling of "difficult" softwood Kraft pulps; Paptac 94th Annual Meeting, Montreal, (supplied too early, not on the CD) (2008).
342. T. Ikeda, H. Ohi; Brightness stability and hexenuronic acid content of totally chlorine free hardwood bleached pulp; 12th ISWPC, Madison, WI, Vol I, 219-222 (2003).
343. M. Ragnar, L. Almquist, S. Backa; On the role of hexA in yellowing of Kraft pulp; 9th European Workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp, Vienna, proc. CD (2006).
344. K. Kreinz; Mechanistic studies of chromophore formation in cellulosics; thesis, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Oct. 2009.
345. J. Andrews, C. Chirat, G. Mortha, V. Grezkowiak, Modified bleaching sequences for South African hardwood kraft pulps; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Quebec, proc. 55-60 (2008).
346. J. Li. G. Gellerstedt; On the structural significance of kappa number measurement; ISWPC, Montreal, proc. G1-1-G4-1 (1997).
347. O. Samuelson, L. A. Sjöberg; Spent liquor from peroxide bleaching of groundwood pulp from spruce; Cell. Chem. Technol. 8, 607 - 613 (1974).
348. G. Schmidt, W. Schempp, T. Krause; Wasserlösliche Holzschliffbestandteile, Analyse und Auswirkung bei der Papierherstellung, Papier 44, Nr. 10 A, V49 -V55 (1990).
349. T. Roick, G. Schmidt, W. Schempp; Störstoffe in Holzstofffiltraten: Identifizierung, Veränderungen im Verlauf der Bleiche, analytische Beurteilung der Wirkung von Bekämpfungsmitteln, Wochenbl. f. Papierf. 122, Nr. 12, 506 - 509 (1994).
350. T. Roick, W. Schempp, T. Krause; Holzstoff-Feinstoffe: einige Ursachen ihrer schlechten Bleichbarkeit, Papier 45, Nr. 10A, V23-V26 (1991).
351. H. U. Süss, N. Nimmerfroh, Flotation von Holzstoffen - ein Weg zur Verringerung von Störstoffen; Papier, 49 (1), 10 - 11 (1995).
352. V. Saarimaa, A. Sundberg, B. Holmbom, A. Blanco, C. Negro, E. Fuente, Purification of peroxide-bleached TMP water by dissolved air flotation; Tappi Journal (5), 15-21 (2006).
353. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood, 144 - 145, de Gruyter (1984).
354. C. W. Dence p 163f in C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve, Ed.; Pulp bleaching - principles and practice, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996).
355. A. W. Hofmann, Ueber dreisäurige Phenole im Buchenholzteer und über den Ursprung des Cedirets; Chem. Ber. 11, 329 - 338 (1878).
356. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood, 206, de Gruyter (1984).
357. Paptac Standard Testing Methods, Paptac, Montreal, Canada, tech@patac.ca.
358. Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996)
359. J. Gierer; Basic principles of bleaching, Holzforschung, 44 (5), 387 (1990).
360. J. Melzer; Stabilität von Natriumdithionit in wässrigen Lösungen, Wochenbl. f. Papierf. 118 (22), 925 - 931 (1990).
361. M. E. Ellis, Hydrosulfite (Dithionite) Bleaching, 500-501 in "Pulp Bleaching, Principles and Practice" Tappi Press, Atlanta (1996).
362. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw; Chemie der Elemente, VCH, Weinheim, 945 - 946 (1988).
363. A. M. Devaney, R. G. Guess; Sodium thiosulphate in hydrosulfite bleaching; Pulp Paper Canada, 83 (9), T 60-T 64 (1982).
364. E. A. Sullivan, Hydrosulfite bleaching under adverse conditions: hydrogen sulphide formation and its chemical prevention; Pulp Paper Canada, 83 (9), T249-T252 (1982).
365. J. S. Gratzl; Lichtinduzierte Vergilbung von Zellstoffen; Papier, 39, V14-V23 (1985).
366. K. Fischer; Vergilbung von Hochausbeute-Zellstoff; Papier, 44, V11-V18 (1990).
367. A. Langi, M. Priha, T. Tapanila, E. Talka; Die Umweltauswirkungen der in der Zellstoffund Papierindustrie eingesetzten Komplexbildner; Papier, 52, V28-V34 (1998).
368. C. H. Möbius; Abwasser der Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie, 3rd edition, Nov. 2002, revised Dec. 2006, http://www.cm-consult.de,AbwasserCM_306.pdf.
369. J. Böttger, J. Alles, V. Harzen, A. Scherrer, U. Schmidt; Signifikante DTPA-Reduktion bei der Holzstoff-Peroxid-Bleiche in: I. Demel, H. J. Öller (Hrsg.) PTS Wasser- und Umweltsymposium, München, PTS (2003).
370. C. Hoelger, S. Held-Beller, J. Palmtag; Phosphonate als ökologisch sinnvolle Alternative zu DTPA - Ergebnisse einer Studie bei MD Albbruck; Wochenbl. f.. Papierfab. 11-12, 667 - 668 (2008).
371. J. Gierer; The Chemistry of Delignification, Holzforschung, 36, 55-64 (1982).
372. H. U. Süss, M. Del Grosso, K. Schmidt, B. Hopf; Options for bleaching mechanical pulp with a lower COD load; Appita Annual Conf., proc. (2001).
373. H. U. Süss, K. Schmidt; Grundlagen zur Verknüpfung von Abwasserbelastung und Ausbeute bei der Zellstoffbleiche; Papier 52 (6), 331 - 334 (1998).
374. DE 1 942 556
375. DE 2 035 047
376. EP 1 581 591
377. US 4 347 099
378. V. Hafner, G. Hoevels, B. Hopf, W. Korn, N. Nimmerfroh, A. Reinold, K. Schmidt, H. U. Süss; Natriumcarbonat als Alkaliquelle bei der Holzstoffbleiche; Papier 44 (10), 521 - 529 (1990).
379. H. U. Suess, M. Janik; On the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching processes by the peroxocarbonic acid anion; ISWFPC, Durban, proc., poster session (2007).
380. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Ind. Chem., 19, 539; 20, 371; 33, 236 (2003).
381. N. Soteland, A. L. Mattans; Bleached CTMP using magnesium as the only base throughout the process; ATIP 41 (7), 335 - 338 (1987)
382. N. Soteland, F. A. Abadie Maumert, T. A. Arnevik, Use of MgO or CaO as the only alkaline source in peroxide bleaching of high yield pulps, Preprints, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., 231 - 236 (1988).
383. P. Griffith, J. Abbot; Magnesium oxide as a base for peroxide bleaching of radiata pine TMP, Appita, 47 (1), 50 - 54 (1994).
384. U. Künzel, G. Strittmatter, H. Bertolotti; Ein neuer Weg bei der Holzstoffbleiche, WfP 121, (8) 299 - 303 (1993).
385. M. Nystrom, J. Pykalainen, J. Lehto, Peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp using different types of alkali; Pap. ja Puu 75 (6), 419 - 425 (1993).
386. H. U. Süss, M. Del Grosso, K. Schmidt, B. Hopf; Options for bleaching mechanical pulp with a lower COD load; Appita Annual Conf., proc. (2001).
387. D. Sewing; Alternative fibre bleaching using calcium hydroxide as alkali; IPW/Papier, (11), T147-T149 (2008).
388. T. Dietz, K. Schmidt, H. U. Süss; Aspects of optimization of mechanical pulp bleaching - A comparison of alternative alkali sources for hydrogen peroxide bleaching, IPW/Papier, (12), T150-T154 (2008).
389. H. U. Süss, W. Eul; Die Bedingungen für eine effiziente Holzschliffbleiche, oder: wie spart eine Kreislaufführung Chemikalien ein?; Papier 42 (10A) V23-V31 (1988).
390. H. U. Süss; Zur Bleiche von Holzstoff auf hohe und höchste Weissgehalte, Wochenbl. f. Papierfab. (6), 179 - 180 (1982).
391. J.-E. Levlin, L. Söderhjelm; Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 17: Pulp and Paper Testing, Fapet Oy, Helsinki, pNr. 129 (1999).
392. ITT Wedeco brochure (2008)
393. L. Yu, M. Rae, Y. Ni; Formation of oxalate from the Mg(OH)2-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps; Paptac 90th Annual Congress, Montreal, A1217-A1221 (2004).
394. Leistungsbericht des VDP (Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken), Bonn (2002, 2008, both reports contain data from RISI and VDP)
395. L. Göttsching; in Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 7, Recycled Fiber and Deinking, chapter 1, 15f; Fapet OY, Helsinki (2000).
396. L. Göttsching, H. Pakarinen; ed.; Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 7, Recycled Fiber and Deinking, Fapet OY, Helsinki (2000).
397. H. Holik; in Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 7, Recycled Fiber and Deinking, chapter 5, 153f; Fapet OY, Helsinki, (2000).
398. J. W. Jelks; Deinking by the froth flotation process; Tappi, 37 (1), 149A-150A (1954).
399. J. W. Jelks; Developments in flotation deinking of waste paper; Tappi, 37 (10), 176A- 180A (1954).
400. A. Larsson, P. Stenius, L. Ödberg, Surface chemistry in flotation deinking, part 1; Svensk Paperstidn., (18), R158-R164 (1984).
401. A. Larsson, P. Stenius, L. Ödberg, Surface chemistry in flotation deinking, part 2; Svensk Paperstidn., (18), R165-R169 (1984).
402. K. Renner; Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 7, Recycled Fiber and Deinking, chapter 8, 269; Fapet OY, Helsinki, (2000).
403. H. Schmid, K. Schwinger, Betriebserfahrung mit dem Flotationsdeinking von gemischter Sammelware im neutralen pH-Bereich, 5. PTS Deinking Symposium, Wochenbl. f. Papierfab. 120 (11/12), 418 (1992).
404. S. Rosencrance, B. Horacek, K. Hale; A unique new ONP/OMG "true-neutral" deiniking technology; Paptac annual meeting, D211 -D214 (2005).
405. L. Lapierre, G. Dorris, D. Pitre, J. Bouchard, G. Hillm C. Pembroke, J. Allan; Use of sodium sulphite for deinking ONP:OMG at neutral pH; Pulp Paper Canada, 103, T8-T11 (2002)
406. L. Lapierre, G. Dorris, J. Merza, R. D. Haynes, C. Chezicj, J. Allen, G. Hill; Mill trials on near-neutral sulphite deinking: Part II; Pulp Paper Canada, 105, T49-T52 (2004).
407. M. A. D. Azevedo, J. Drelich, J. D. Miller, The effect of pH on pulping and flotation of mixed office wastepaper; Journal of Pulp & Paper Science, 25, (9), 317 - 320 (1999).
408. H. U. Suess, J. D. Kronis, N. F. Nimmerfroh, B. Hopf; Yield of fillers and fibers in froth flotation; Tappi Pulping Conference, proc. (1994).
409. H. E. Aebi; "Enzymes 1: Oxidoreductases, Transferase" in: Methods of enzymatic analysis, Vol. III (H. U. Bergmeyer, J. Bergmeyer, M. Grassl, Eds.) VCH Wiley Weinheim, 273 (1987).
410. B. Ng, D. Davies; Methods for controlling catalase in a deink pulp mill; Tappi J. 80, (4), 198 - 202 (1997).
411. K. Stack, M. Clow, M. Kirk, S. Maughan; Use of wetting agents to improve flotation deinking with magnesium oxide; Appita Annual Conf., 459 - 463 (2000).
412. K. Stack, A. Featherstone, S. Baptist, M. Kirk, S. Prior; MgO flotation deinking - the Albury experience; Appita, Annual Conf., 67 - 72 (2001).
413. C. Ackermann; Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 7, Recycled Fiber and Deinking, chapter 9, 307f; Fapet OY, Helsinki (2000).
414. R. Patt, V. Gehr, W. Matzke, O. Kordsachia; New approaches in bleaching of recycled fibers; Tappi J. 79 (12), 143 - 151 (1996).
415. H. U. Süss, N. Nimmerfroh, B. Hopf; Bleaching of wastepaper pulp - chances and limitations; 4th Pira Wastepaper Conf., London, proc. (1995).
416. H. U. Süss, B. Hopf, K. Schmidt; Optimising peroxide bleaching of deinked pulps in the disperser, 2002 PTS-CTP Deinking Symposium, München; in German: Wochenbl. f. Papierfab. 130 (11/12), 738 - 745 (2002).
417. M. E. Ellis, p 494, in: C. W. Dence, D. W. Reeve, ed., Pulp Bleaching - Principles and practice, Tappi press, Atlanta (1996).
418. J. Claproth; Eine Erfindung aus gedrucktem Papier wiederum neues Papier zu machen, und die Druckerfarbe völlig herauszuwaschen, Göttingen (1774).
419. J. M. MacLeod; Making and losing pulp strength in bleached Kraft mills; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., proc. 31 - 46 (2005).
420. H. Sundqvist; Modern Kraft pulp mill: How to meet simultaneously economical, environmental and customer's requirements; IPW/Papier T207-T212 (2001).
421. A. Östman, Swedish ethanol programmes; Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conf., Stockholm, proc. 62 - 67 (2008).
422. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood, p 49, de Gruyter, Berlin (1984).
423. D. Brat, E. Boles, B. Wiedemann; Functional expression of a bacterial xylose isomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Appl. Envir. Microbiol. (Feb. 2009).
424. www.choren.com.
425. Integrated pollution prevention and control, Reference document on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry, European Commission, Sevilla, Spain (Dec. 2001).
426. S. Panula-Ontto, M. Lucander, T. Pöhler, E. Saharainen, T. Björkqvist; Fatigue treatment of wood by high-frequency cyclic loading; Int. Mechanical Pulping Conf., Minneapolis, proc. (2007).
427. M. Lucander, E. Saharainen, T. Björkqvist; Modeling as a powerful tool in developing mechanical pulping towards energy efficiency, IPW/Papier; (12), T155-T160 (2008).
428. Draft main report: Development of new environmental emission guide lines for any new bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill in Tasmania, Vol. 1 - 3; Resource Planning and Development Commission, Hobart, Tasmania (2004), http//www.rpdc.tas.gov.au.
429. A. B. Landim, C. P. Renault, G. de P. C. Renault; Water quality biomonitoring on the Doce river in Brazil, near a eucalyptus kraft mill effluent discharge, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. Stockholm, proc. 168 - 174 (2005).
430. D. C. Pryke, M. T. Barden; Environmental performance of Maine's bleached kraft pulp and paper mills, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conference, proc. 156 - 161 (2005).
431. A. Landim, F. M. Correia, L. Coelho Dalvi; Oxidant compounds neutralization and control in bleaching effluents from a Kraft hardwood pulp mill; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Stockholm, proc. 162 - 167 (2005).
432. C. H. Möbius, Abwasser der Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie, 3. Auflage (2002, revised Dec. 2004), available as pdf file see: www.cm-consult.de.
433. D. A. Bright, P. V. Hodson, K.-J. Lehtinen, B. McKague, J. Rodgers, K. Solomon; Evaluation of ecological risks associated with the use of chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of pulp: Scientific progress since 1993; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Helsinki, proc. 195 - 199 (1998).
434. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood: Chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions; de Gruyter, New York (1983).
435. C. Foelkel; eucalyptus online book, capitulo 2: Minerais e nutrientes das árvores dos eucaliptos, see: www.eucalyptus.com.br
436. Deutscher Färber-Kalender, Verlag A. Ziemsen, Wittenberg, 109 - 110 (1907).
437. Deutscher Färber-Kalender, Verlag A. Ziemsen, Wittenberg, 64 - 65 (1906).
438. Degussa Brochure, Hydrogen peroxide, Application in textiles bleaching (1991)
439. D. A. Bright, P. V. Hodson, K.-J. Lehtinen, B. McKague, J. Rodgers, K. Solomon; Evaluation of ecological risks associated with the use of chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of pulp: Scientific progress since 1993; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf., Helsinki, proc. 195 - 199 (1998).
440. R. Patt, O. Kordsachia; Herstellung von Zellstoffen unter Verwendung von alkalischen Sulfitlösungen mit Zusatz von Antharchionon und Methanol; Papier, 40 (10), 1-8 (1986).
441. H.-L. Schubert, K. Fuchs, R. Patt, O. Kordsachia, M. Bobik; Der ASAM-Prozess - eine industriereife Zellstofftechnologie; Papier 47 (10A), V6-V15 (1993).
442. H. Leopold; Technologische Eigenschaften des Organocell-Zellstoffs - Neuste Erkenntnisse nach der Inbetriebnahme der Anlage in Kelheim; Papier 47 (10A), V1-V5 (1993).
443. K. Poppius-Levlin, R. Mustonen, T. Huovila, J. Sundquist; Milox pulping with acetic acid/ peroxyacetic acid; Paperi ja Puu 73 (2), 154 - 158 (1991).
444. B. Hortling, K. Poppius, J. Sundquist; Formic acid/peroxyformic acid pulping; Holzforschung, 45 (2), 109 - 120 (1991).
445. P. Lengyel, S. Morvay; Chemie und Technologie der Zellstoffherstellung; p446f, Güntter-Staib Verlag, Biberach/Riss (1973).
446. A. Östman, Swedish ethanol programmes; Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conf., Stockholm, proc. 62 - 67 (2008).
447. D. Fengel, G. Wegener; Wood, p 49, de Gruyter, Berlin (1984).
448. D. W. Reeve; The next generation of environmental driving forces and responses for the pulp and paper industry; 7th Brazilian Symposium on the chemistry of lignins and other wood components; Belo Horizonte, proc. 269 - 275 (2001).
449. Kretsloppsanpassad massafabrik, Ecocyclic pulp mill, Final report KAM 1, English version (1996 - 1999)
450. J. Bouchard, V. Magnotta, R. Berry; Improving oxygen delignification with peroxomonosulfate: The (OPx) process: J. Pulp & Paper Sc. 27 (11), 397 - 401 (2001).
451. J. Iribarne, L. R. Schroeder; High pressure oxygen delignification of Kraft pulp II - simulation; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 81 - 88 (1996).
452. M. Bokström, S. Nordén; Extended oxygen delignification; Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 23 - 31 (1998).
453. K. Ala-Kaila, M. Salmela, R. Alén; Estimation of pulp yield in industrial oxygen-alkali delignification of softwood Kraft pulp; Nordic P & P Research J. 17 (4), 401 - 404 (2002).
454. H. Sundqvist; Modern Kraft pulp mill: How to meet simultaneously economical, environmental and customer's requirements; IPW/Papier T207-T212 (2001).
455. M. Ragnar; Modification of the D0-stage into D makes 2-stage Bleach Plant for HW Kraft Pulp a Reality, Int. Pulp Bleaching Conf. proc. 237 - 244 (2002).
456. M. Ragnar; Compact Bleaching: A Concept for Fully Bleached HW Kraft Pulp in only 2 Stages, 35th annual meeting ABTCP, proc. CD (2002).
457. H. U. Suess, C. Leporini Filho, M. Del Grosso, C. Moodley; The evolution in eucalyptus Kraft market pulp bleaching from 4 to 2 stages - A comparison of options; ABTCP Congresso Anual, proc. CD (2002).
458. H. U. Suess, C. Leporini Filho; Best Practice for Highest and Very Stable Brightness, Consequences for a Short Sequence; ABTCP Congresso Anual, proc. CD (2007).
459. T. Q. Hu, B. R. James, D. Yawalata, M. B. Ezhova, A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part I: Bleaching of mechanical pulps; J. Pulp Paper Sci. 30 (8), 233 - 240 (2004)
460. T. Q. Hu, B. R. James; A new class of bleaching agents for mechanical pulps; Paptac 91st Annual Meeting D713-717 (2005).
461. T. Q. Hu, B. R. James, D. Yawalata, M. B. Ezhova, R. Chandra; A new class of bleaching and brightness stabilizing agents. Part II: Bleaching power of a bisphosphine; J. Pulp Paper Sci. 31 (2), 69 - 74 (2005).
462. T. Schmidt, I. Demel, S. Lange; Weitergehende Abwasserreinigung von Papierfabriksabwässern mit Ozon: Konzeption und erste Betriebserfahrungen; IPW/Papier, T30 -T34 (2001).
463. D. Voss; S. Schabel; Use of colloidal gas aphrons for separation of water based printing inks and impurities from paper stock suspensions; Zellcheming annual meeting, Wiesbaden (2009).