The children of neglect: When no one cares

Children of Neglect: When No One Cares

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-324

  Smith, Margaret G ^a   Fong, Rowena ^b  

^a University of Texas at Austin ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85082915513     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203493625     Document Type: Book

References (481)

1. Abell, E., Clawson, M., Washington, W.N., Bost, K.K., & Vaughn, B.E. (1996). Parenting values, attitudes, behaviors, and goals of African-American mothers from a lowincome population in relation to social and societal contexts. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 593-613.
2. Aber, J.L., & Allen, J.P. (1987). Effects of maltreatment on young children’s socioemotional development: An attachment theory perspective. Developmental Psychology, 23, 406-414.
3. Acevedo, G., & Morales, J. (2001). Assessment with Latino/Hispanic Communities and Organizations. In R.Fong & S.Furuto. (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations, (pp. 147-162). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
4. Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980. 94 Stat. 500. Public Law 96-272. 26 U.S.C.A @ 50B 422 @@ 602. (1995). Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Public Law 105-89. Title IV-B and IV-E, Section 453 and Section 1130(a) of the Social Security Act.
5. Alderette, O., & deGraffenried, D.R. (1986). Nonorganic failure-to-thrive syndrome and the family system. Social Work, 31, 207-211.
6. Allen, M., Reiter, J., & Landsman, M. (1990). The self-sufficiency project: New motivation for neglectful families. In W.Deutelbaum, D.Haapala, J. Hutchinson, J.Lloyd, & C.Sudia (Eds.), Empowering families: Papers from the third annual conference on family-based services (pp. 33-42). Riverdale, IL: National Association for Family-Based Services.
7. Alter, C.F. (1985). Decision-making factors in cases of child neglect. Child Welfare, 64, 99-111.
8. American Association for Protecting Children. (1986). Highlights of official child neglect and abuse reporting: 1984. Denver, CO: Author.
9. American Humane Association. (1983). Highlights of official child abuse and neglect reporting: 1981. Denver, CO: Author.
10. American Humane Association. (1988). Highlights of official child abuse and neglect reporting: 1986. Denver, CO: Author.
11. American Humane Association. (1994). Substance abuse and child maltreatment. Englewood, CO: Author.
12. American Humane Association. (1997). Innovations for children’s services for the 21st century: Family group decision making and patch. Englewood, CO: Author.
13. Ammerman, R.T. (1990). Etiological models of child maltreatment: A behavioral perspective. Behavior Modification, 14, 230-254.
14. Annie E.Casey Foundation. (1990). Kids count data on Asian, Native American, and Hispanic children. Baltimore, MD: Author.
15. Aragona, J.A., & Eyeberg, S.M. (1981). Neglected children: Mothers’ report of child behavior problems and observed verbal behavior. Child Development, 52, 596-601.
16. Ards, S., & Harrell, A. (1993). Reporting of child maltreatment: A secondary analysis of the national incidence surveys. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 337-344.
17. Azar, S.T., Robinson, D.R.Hekimian, E., & Twentyman, C.T. (1984). Unrealistic expectations and problem-solving ability in maltreating and comparison mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 687-691.
18. Baharudin, R., & Luster, T. (1998). Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children’s achievement. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 375-403.
19. Balgopal, P. (2000). Social work practice with immigrants and refugees. New York: Columbia University Press.
20. Barry, F.D. (1994). A neighborhood-based approach: What is it? In G.B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 14-39). New York: The Guilford Press.
21. Barth, R.P., & Berry, M. (1987). Outcomes of child welfare services under permanency planning. Social Services Review, 71-90.
22. Barth, R.P., Freundlich, M., & Brodzinsky, D. (Eds.). (2000). Adoption and prenatal alcohol and drug exposure: Research, policy and practice. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
23. Barthel, J. (1992). For children’s sake: The promise of family preservation. New York: Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.
24. Bath, H.I., & Haapala, D.A. (1992). Intensive family preservation services with abuse and neglected children: An examination of group differences. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 213-225.
25. Baumrind, D. (1994). The social context of child maltreatment. Family Relations, 360-368.
26. Beeman, S.K. (1997). Reconceptualizing social support and its relationship to child neglect. Social Service Review, 71, 421-440.
27. Behl, L., Crouch, J., May, P., Valente, A., & Conyngham, H. (2001). Ethnicity in child maltreatment research: A content analysis. Child Maltreatment, 6(2), 143-147.
28. Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental-ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 413-434.
29. Benedict, M.I., Wulff, L.M., & White, R.B. (1992). Current parental stress in maltreating and nonmaltreating families of children with multiple disabilities. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 155-163.
30. Berns, D., & Drake, B. (1998). Promoting safe and stable families through welfare reform. The Prevention Report, 2, 4-8.
31. Berrick, J.C. (1998). When children cannot remain home: Foster family care and kinship care. The Future of Children, 8, 72-87.
32. Berry, M. (1991). Keeping families together: An evaluation of an intensive family preservation program (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 4275-A.
33. Berry, M. (1992). An evaluation of family preservation services: Fitting agency services to family needs. Social Work, 37, 314-321.
34. Besharov, D.J. (1978). The psychosocial ecology of child abuse and neglect. In M. L.Lauderdale, R.N.Anderson, & S.E.Cramer (Eds.), Child abuse and neglect: Issues of innovation and implementation: Vol. 1. Proceedings of the second national conference on child abuse and neglect (pp. 37-51). (DHEW Publication No. OHDS 78-30147). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
35. Besharov, D.J. (1996). The children of crack: A status report. Public Welfare, 54, 32-39.
36. Besharov, D.J. (1998). Four commentaries: How we can better protect children from abuse and neglect. Commentary 1. The Future of Children, 8, 120-123.
37. Beyer, M. (1997). Strengths/needs based child welfare practice. The Prevention Report, 1, 4-7.
38. Biller, H.B., & Solomon, R.S. (1986). Child maltreatment and paternal deprivation: A manifesto for research, prevention, and treatment. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
39. Black, M. (2000). Long-term psychological management of neglect. In R.Reece (Ed.), Treatment of child abuse: Common ground for mental health, medical, and legal practitioners (pp. 192-210). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
40. Black, M.M., & Dubowitz, H. (1999). Child neglect: Research recommendations and future directions. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.). Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 261-277). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
41. Block, R.W. (2002). Child Fatalities. In J.E.B.Myers, L.Berliner, J.Brier, C.T. Hendrix, J.Carole, & T.A.Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 293-301). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
42. Blythe, B.J., Salley, M.P., & Jayaratne, S. (1994). A review of intensive family preservation services research. Social Work Research, 18, 213-224.
43. Bolger, K.E., & Patterson, C.J. (2001). Pathways from child maltreatment of internalizing problems: Perceptions of control as mediators and moderators. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 913-940
44. Bonner, B.L., Crow, S.M., & Logue, M.B. (1999). Fatal child neglect. In H. Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 156-173). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
45. Bousha, D.M., & Twentyman, C.T. (1984). Mother-child interactional style in abuse, neglect, and control groups: Naturalistic observations in the home. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 106-114.
46. Bowen, G.L., & Chapman, M.V. (1996). Poverty, neighborhood danger, social support, and the individual adaptation among at-risk youth in urban areas. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 641-666.
47. Brandon, P. (2002). Did the AFDC program succeed in keeping mothers and young children living together? Social Service Review, 74, 214-230.
48. Brave Heart, M. (2001). Culturally and historically congruent clinical social work: Asessment with native clients. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations, (pp. 163-177). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
49. Bride, B.E. (2001). Single gender treatment of substance abuse: Effect on treatment retention and completion. Social Work Research, 25, 223-232.
50. Brodzinsky, D. (2000). In R.P.Barth, M.Freundlich, & D.Brodzinsky (Eds.), Adoption & prenatal alcohol and drug exposure: Research, policy and practice (pp. 83-113). Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
51. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G.J. (1997). The effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7, 55-71.
53. Brown, E., & Gunderson, B. (2001). Organization and community intervention with American Indian Tribal Communities. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 299-312). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
54. Brown, S.E. (1984). Social class, child maltreatment, and delinquent behavior. Criminology, 22, 259-278.
55. Brummett, P., & Winters, L. (2003). Gang affiliation and self-esteem: The effects of mixed heritage identity. In L.Winters & H.DeBose (Eds.), New faces in a changing America: Multiracial identity in the 21st century (pp. 335-354). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
56. Buchanan, A., & Oliver, J.E. (1980). Abuse and neglect as a cause of mental retardation: A study of 140 children admitted to subnormality hospital in Wiltshire. In B.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 311-323). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
57. Burgess, R., & Conger, R. (1978). Family interactions in abusive, neglectful, and normal families. Child Development, 49, 1163-1173.
58. Cadoret, R.J., & Riggins-Caspers, K. (2000). Fetal alcohol exposure and adult psychopathology: Evidence from an adoption study. In R.P.Barth, M.Freundlich, & D.Brodzinsky (Eds.), Adoption and prenatal alcohol and drug exposure: Research, policy and practice (pp. 83-113). Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
59. Campbell, L. (1997). Child neglect and intensive-family-preservation practice. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 280-290.
60. Cantwell, H.B., & Rosenberg, D.A. (1990, October). Child neglect. Paper presented at a national Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges continuing judicial education project, Honolulu, HI.
61. Carroll, C.A., & Haase, C.C. (1987). The function of protective services in child abuse and neglect. In R.E.Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 137-151). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
62. Casey, A. (1990). Kids Count Special Report. Baltimore, MD: Author.
63. Casey, A. (2000). Kids Count Special Report. Children at risk: State trends 1990-2000. Baltimore, MD: Author.
64. Chadwick, D. (2001). Community organization of services to deal with and end child abuse. In J.E.B. Myers, L.Berliner, J.Brier, C.T.Hendrix, C.Jenny, & T. A.Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 509-523). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
65. Chaffin, M., Kelleher, K., & Hollenberg, J. (1996). Onset of physical abuse and neglect: Psychiatric, substance abuse, and social risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(3) 191-203.
66. Chasnoff, I. (1998). Silent violence: Is prevention a moral obligation? Pediatrics, 102, 45-149.
67. Chasnoff, I.J. (1989). Drug use in women: Establishing a standard of care. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 562, 208-210.
68. Chasnoff, I.J., Griffith, D.R., Freier, C, & Murray, J. (1992). Cocaine/poly-drug use in pregnancy. Pediatrics, 89, 284-289.
69. Chasnoff, I.J., & Lowder, L.A. (1999). Prenatal alcohol and drug use and risk for child maltreatment: A timely approach to intervention. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 132-155). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
70. Chesney-Lind, M. (1997). The female offender: Girls, women, and crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
71. Chesney-Lind, M., & Shelden, R. (1998). Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth/ITP.
72. Child Abuse Act. Hawai’i Revised Statutes Chapter 350, Vol. 7, Title 20, Social Services (1993).
73. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, 1974. United States Code Annotated. Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare (pp. 199-205).
74. Child Protective Act. Hawai’i Revised Statutes Chapter 587, Vol. 12, Title 31, Family (1993).
75. Child Welfare League of America (1999). Child abuse and neglect: A look at the states. 1999 CWLA stat book. Washington, DC: Author.
76. Child Welfare League of America. (April 17, 2002a). Child abuse and neglect fatalities by maltreatment type, 1998. CWLA National Data Analysis System. http://ndas.cwla.org/Report.asp?PageMode=1&ReportID=18&UID= {9BB7E80B-EAB8
77. Child Welfare League of America. (April 17, 2002b). Percentage of substantiated/indicated allegations, by maltreatment type, 1999. CWLA National Data Analysis System. http://ndas.cwla.org/Report.asp?PageMode=0&ReportID=351
78. Children’s Defense Fund. (1985). The state of America’s children. Year 1985. Washington, DC:Author.
79. Children’s Defense Fund. (2000). The state of America’s children. Year 2000. Washington, DC: Author.
80. Choi, N. (Ed.). (2001). Psychosocial aspects of the Asian-American experience: Diversity within diversity. New York: Haworth Press.
81. Choney, S., Berryhill-Paapke, E., & Robbins, R. (1995). The acculturation of American Indians: Developing frameworks for research and practice. In J.Ponterotto, J.Casas, L.Suzuki, & C.Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 73-92). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
82. Chow, J. (2001). Assessment of Asian American/Pacific Islander Organizations and Communties. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, Interventions, and Evaluations (pp. 211-224). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
83. Christensen, B. (1998). Family centered TANF reform: Implications for staff development. The Preservation Report, 1, 20-23.
84. Christensen, M.J., Brayden, R.M., Dietrich, M.S., McLaughlin, F.J. Sherrod, K. B., & Altemeier, W.A. (1994). The prospective assessment of self-concept in neglectful and physically abusive low-income mothers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, 224-232.
85. Cicchetti, D., & Lynch, M. (1993). Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children’s development. Psychiatry, 50, 96-118.
86. Cohen, P., Brown, J., & Smailes, E. (2001). Child abuse and neglect and the development of mental disorders in the general population. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 981-999.
87. Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
88. Cohn, A.H. (1987). Our national priorities for prevention. In R.E. Helfer & R.S. Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 444-455). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
89. Coles, C., & Platzman, K. (1993). Behavioral development in children prenatally exposed to drugs and alcohol. International Journal of Addictions, 28, 1393-1433.
90. Colon, E. (2001). Program evaluation in health and human service agencies serving Latino communities. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 384-395). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
91. Coohey, C. (1995). Neglectful mothers, their mothers, and partners: The significance of mutual aid. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 885-895.
92. Coohey, C. (1996). Child maltreatment; testing the social isolation hypothesis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 241-254.
93. Courtney, M.E. (1998). The costs of child protection in the context of welfare reform. The Future of Children, 8, 88-103.
94. Craft, J.L., & Staudt, M.M. (1991). Reporting and founding of child neglect in urban and rural communities. Child Welfare, 70, 359-370.
95. Crittenden, P.M. (1993). An information-processing perspective on the behavior of neglectful parents. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 27-48.
96. Crittenden, P.M. (1999). Child neglect: Causes and contributors. In H.Dobowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 47-68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
97. Crouch, J.L., & Milner, J.S. (1993). Effects of child neglect on children. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 49-65.
98. Culp, R.E., Richardson, M.T., & Heide, J.S. (1987). The differential developmental progress of maltreated children in day treatment. Social Work, 32, 497-499.
99. Curtis, P., & McCullogh, C. (1993). The impact of alcohol and other drugs on the child welfare system. Child Welfare, 71, 533-542.
100. Daly, A. (2001). A heuristic perspective of strengths in the African American community. In R.Fong & S.Furuto, (Eds). Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 241-254). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
101. Daro, D. (1988). Confronting child abuse: Research for effective program design. New York: Free Press.
102. Daro, D.A., & Donnelly, A.C. (2002). Child abuse prevention: Accomplishments and challenges. In J.E.B.Meyers, L.Berliner, J.Briere, C.T.Hendrix, C. Jenny, & T.A.Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 431-448). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
103. Daro, D.A., & Harding, K.A. (1999). Healthy families America: Using research to enhance practice. The Future of Children, 9, 152-176.
104. Dean, A.L., Malik, M.M., Richards, W., & Stringer, S.A. (1986). Effects of parental maltreatment on children’s conceptions of interpersonal relationships. Developmental Psychology, 22, 617-626.
105. DeBruyn, L., Chino, M., Serna, P., & Fullerton-Gleason, L. (2001). Child maltreatment in American Indian and Alaska Native communities: Integrating culture, history, and public health for intervention and prevention. Child Maltreatment, 6(2), 89-103.
106. DePanfilis, D. (1999). Intervening with families when children are neglected. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 211-231). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
107. DePanfilis, D., & Zuravin, S.J. (1998). Rates, patterns, and frequency of child maltreatment recurrences among families known to CPS. Child Maltreatment, 3, 27-42.
108. Devaney, B.S., Ellwood, M.R., & Love, J.M. (1997). Programs that mitigate the effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7, 88-112.
109. DiLalla, D.L., & Crittenden, P.M. (1990). Dimensions of maltreated children’s home behavior: A factor analytic approach. Infant Behavior and Development, 13, 439-460.
110. DiLeonardi, J.W. (1993). Families in poverty and chronic neglect of children. Families in Society, 74, 557-562.
111. DiLeonardi, J.W., Johnson, P.M., Spight, M.S., & McGuinness, T.J. (undated). Evaluation of the chronic neglect consortium: Final report. Chicago: Author.
112. DiLeonardi, J.W., Johnson, P.M., Spight, M.S., McGuinness, T.J., & Heinke, W. E. (1992). Treating chronic child neglect: Report on a demonstration. Chicago: Children’s Home and Aid Society.
113. Doerner, W.G. (1987). Child maltreatment seriousness and juvenile delinquency. Youth and Society, 19, 197-224.
114. Dore, M., Doris, J., & Wright, P. (1995). Identifying substance abuse in maltreating families: A child welfare challenge. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 531-543.
115. Dore, M., & Lee, J.M. (1999). The role of parent training with abusive and neglectful parents. Family Relations, 48, 313-335.
116. Doueck, H.J., Ishisaka, A.H., & Greenaway, K.S. (1988). The role of normative development in adolescent abuse and neglect. Family Relations, 37, 135-139.
117. Dube, S., Anda, R, Felitti, V., Croft, J, Edwards, V., & Giles, W. (2001). Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 1627-1640.
118. Dubowitz, H. (1999a). Neglect of children’s health care. In H.Dobowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 109-131). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
119. Dubowitz, H. (Ed.). (1999b). Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
120. Dubowitz, H., & Black, M.M. (2002). Neglect of children’s health. In J.E.B.Myers, L.Berliner, J.Briere, C.T.Hendrix, C.Jenny, & T.A.Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 269-292). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
121. Dubowitz, H., Black, M.M., Starr, R.H., & Zuravin, S.J. (1993). A conceptual definition of child neglect. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 8-26.
122. Dubowitz, H., Klockner, A., Starr, R.H., & Black, M.M. (1998). Community and professional definitions of child neglect. Child Maltreatment, 3, 235-243.
123. Duggan, A.K., McFarlane, E.C., Windham, A.M., Rohde, C.A., Salkever, D.S., Fuddy, L., Rosenberg, L.A., Buchbinder, S.B., & Sia, C.C.J. (1999). Evaluation of Hawai’i’s healthy start program. The Future of Children, 9, 66-89.
124. Duncan, G.J., Harris, K.M., & Boisjoly, J. (2002). Time limits and welfare reform: New estimates of the number and characteristics of affected families. Social Service Review, 74, 55-75.
125. Duncan, G.J., Yeung, W.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Smith, J.R. (1998). How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? American Sociological Review, 63, 406-423.
126. Dunn, M., Tarter, R., Mezzich, A., Vanyukov, M., Kirisci, L., & Kirillova, G. (2002). Origins and consequences of child neglect in substance abuse families. Clinical Psychological Review, 22, 1063-1090.
127. Eckenrode, J., Laird, M., & Doris, J. (1993). School performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 53-62.
128. Eckenrode, J., Zielinski, D., Smith, E., Marcynyszyn, L., Henderson, C.R., Kitzman, H., Cole, R., Power, P., & Olds, D.L. (2001). Child maltreatment and the early onset of problem behaviors: Can a program of nurse home visiting break the link? Development and Psychopathology, 13, 873-890.
129. Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L.A. (1981). Attachment and early maltreatment. Child Development, 52, 44-52.
130. Egeland, B., Sroufe, L.A., & Erickson, M. (1983). The developmental consequences of different patterns of maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 7, 459-469.
131. Egeland, B., & Vaughn B. (1981). Failure of “bond formation” as a cause of abuse, neglect, and maltreatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 78-84.
132. Emery, R.B., & Laumann-Billings, L. (1998). An overview of the nature, causes, and consequences of abusive family relationships: Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence. American Psychologist, 53, 121-135.
133. English, D.J. (1999). Evaluation and risk assessment of child neglect in public child protection services. In H.Dobowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 191-210). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
134. Erickson, M.F., & Egeland, B. (2002). Child neglect. In J.E.B. Myers, L.Berliner, J.Brier, C.T.Hendrix, C.Jenny, & T.A.Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed.) (pp. 3-20). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
135. Famy, C., Streissguth, A., & Unis, A. (1998). Mental illness in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 552-554.
136. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (1998). America’s children: Key national indicators of well-being. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
137. Feig, L. (1998). Understanding the problem: The gap between substance abuse programs and child welfare services. In R.Hampton, V.Senatore, & T.Gullotta (Eds.), Substance abuse, family violence and child welfare (pp. 62-95). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
138. Feldman, K.W., Monastersky, C., & Feldman, G.K. (1993). When is childhood drowning neglect? Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 329-336.
139. Feldman, R.A. (1982). Damaged parents and child neglect: An essay review. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 18, 273
140. Ferrari, A. (2002). The impact of culture upon childrearing practices and definitions of maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 793-813.
141. Finkelstein, N. (1994). Treatment issues for alcohol and drug dependent pregnant and parenting women. Health and Social Work, 19(1), 7-15.
142. Fischler, R.S. (1985). Child abuse and neglect in American Indian communities. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 95-106.
143. Fong, R. (1994). Family preservation: Making it work for Asians. Child Welfare, 53(4), 331-341.
144. Fong, R. (2003). Cultural competence practice with Asian Americans. In D.Lum, Culturally competent practice: A framework for understanding diverse groups and justice issues (pp. 261-281). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
145. Fong, R., Boyd, T., & Browne, C. (1999). The Gandhi technique: A biculturalization approach for empowering Asian and Pacific Islander families. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 7, 95-110.
146. Fong, R., McRoy, R., & Ortiz-Hendricks, C. (forthcoming). Intersecting child welfare, substance abuse, and family violence: Culturally competent approaches. Washington, D.C.: Council on Social Work Education.
147. Fontes, L. (2002). Child discipline and physical abuse in immigrant Latino families: Reducing violence and misunderstandings. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80 (Winter), 31-40.
148. Foster, E.M., & Furstenberg, F.F. (1999). The most disadvantaged children: Trends over time. Social Service Review, 73, 560-578.
149. Frank, D.A., Bresnahan, K., & Zuckerman, B.S. (1996). Maternal cocaine use: Impact on child health and development. Pediatrics, 26, 49-76.
150. Frankel, H. (1988). Family-centered, home-based services in child protection: A review of the research. Social Service Review, 62, 137-157.
151. Fraser, M.W. (1997). The ecology of childhood: A multisystems perspective. In M. W.Fraser (Ed.), Risk and resilience in childhood (pp. 1-9). Washington, DC: NASW Press.
152. Fraser, M.W., Nelson, K.E., & Rivard, J.C. (1997). Effectiveness of family preservations services. Social Work Research, 21, 138-141.
153. Freundlich, M. (2000). The impact of prenatal substance exposure: Research findings and their implications for adoption. In R.Barth, M.Freundlich, & D. Brodzinsky (Eds.), Adoption and prenatal alcohol and drug exposure (pp. 1-21). Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
154. Friedrich, W.M., Tyler, J.D., & Clark, J.A. (1985). Personality and psychophysiological variables in abusive, neglectful, and low-income control mothers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 449-460.
155. Furuto, S., San Nicholas, R., Kim, G., & Fiaui, L. (2001). Interventions with Kanaka Maoli, Chamorro, and Samoan Communities. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 327-342). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
156. Galan, F. (2001). Intervention with Mexican American families. In R.Fong & S. Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 255-268). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
157. Garbarino, J. (1981). An ecological approach to child maltreatment. In L.H.Pelton (Ed.), The social context of child abuse and neglect (pp. 228-267). New York: Human Sciences Press.
158. Garbarino, J., & Collins, C.C. (1999). Child neglect: The family with a hole in the middle. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 1-23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
159. Garbarino, J., & Crouter, A. (1978). Defining the community context for parent-child relations: The correlates of child maltreatment. Child Development, 49, 604-616.
160. Garbarino, J., & Ebata, A. (1983). The significance of ethnic and cultural differences in child maltreatment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 773-783.
161. Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1994). Neighborhood-based programs. In G.B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 304-352). New York: Guilford Press.
162. Garbarino, J., & Sherman, D. (1980). High-risk neighborhoods and high-risk families: The human ecology of child maltreatment. Child Development, 51, 188-198.
163. Gaudin, J.M. (1993). Effective interventions with neglectful families. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 66-89.
164. Gaudin, J.M. (1999). Child neglect: Short-term and long-term outcomes. In H. Dubowitz, (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 89-108). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
165. Gaudin, J.M., & Polansky, N.A. (1986). Social distancing of the neglectful family: Sex, race, and social class influences. Children and Youth Services Review, 8, 1-12.
166. Gaudin, J.M., Polansky, N.A., Kilpatrick, A.C., & Shilton, P. (1993). Loneliness, depression, stress, and social supports in neglectful families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 63, 597-605.
167. Gelles, R.J. (1999). Policy issues in child neglect. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 278-298). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
168. Gershenson, C. (1995). Social policy and evaluation: An evolving symbiosis. In P. J.Pecora, M.W.Fraser, K.Nelson, J.McCroskey, & W.Meezan (Eds.), Evaluating family-based services (pp. 261-275). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
169. Gil, D.G. (1981). The United States versus child abuse. In L.H.Pelton (Ed.), The social context of child abuse and neglect (pp. 291-324). New York: Human Sciences Press.
170. Giovannoni, J.M. (1982). Prevention of child abuse and neglect: Research and policy issues. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 18, 23-31.
171. Giovannoni, J.M., & Becerra, R.M. (1979). Defining child abuse. New York: Free Press.
172. Giovannoni, J.M., & Billingsley, A. (1974). Child neglect among the poor: A study of parental adequacy in families of three ethnic groups. In J.E.Leavitt (Ed.), The battered child: Selected readings (pp. 170-177). Fresno, CA: General Learning Corporation.
173. Glaser, D. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A conceptual framework. Child abuse and neglect, 26, 697-714.
174. Glisson, C., Bailey, J.W., & Post, J.A. (2000). Predicting the time children spend in state custody. Social Service Review, 74, 251-280.
175. Gomby, D.S., Culross, P.L., & Behrman, R.E. (1999). Home visiting: Recent program evaluations-analysis and recommendations. The Future of Children, 9, 4-26.
176. Gordon, L. (1988). Heroes in their own lives. New York: Penguin.
177. Grant, D. (2001). Evaluation skills with African American organizations and communities. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 355-369). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
178. Gray, E., & Cosgrove, J. (1985). Ethnocentric perception of childrearing practices in protective services. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 389-396.
179. Guterman, N.B. (1997). Early prevention of physical child abuse and neglect: Existing evidence and future directions. Child Maltreatment, 2, 12-35.
180. Halpern, R. (1990). Poverty and early childhood parenting: Toward a framework for intervention. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 6-18.
181. Hampton, R. (2000). Child welfare, substance abuse, and domestic violence. Key-note speech given at a cultural competence conference sponsored by CSWE, Casey Family Programs, and The University of Texas at Austin. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin.
182. Hampton, R.L. (1987). Race, class and child maltreatment. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 18, 113-126.
183. Hampton, R.L., Senatore, V., & Gullotta, T.P. (Eds.). (1998). Substance abuse, family violence and child welfare: Bridging perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
184. Hansen, D.J., Pallotta, G.M., Tishelman, A.C., Conaway, L., & MacMillan, V.M. (1989). Parental problem-solving skills and child behavior problems: A comparison of physically abusive, neglectful, clinic and community families. Journal of Family Violence, 4, 353-368.
185. Harden, B. (1998). Building bridges for children: Addressing the consequences of exposure to drugs and to the child welfare system. In R.Hampton, V.Senatore, & T.Gullotta (Eds.), Substance abuse, family violence and child welfare (pp. 18-61). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
186. Harris, K.M., & Marmer, J.K. (1996). Poverty, paternal involvement, and adolescent wellbeing. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 614-640.
187. Hartley, R. (1987). A program blueprint for neglectful families. Unpublished manuscript.
188. Hawai’i Department of Human Services (1995). Family preservation and family support five year plan, Title IV-b, sub-part 2. Honolulu: Author
189. Helfer, R.E. (1987a). The litany of the smoldering neglect of children. In R.E. Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 301-311). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
190. Helfer, R.E. (1987b). The developmental basis of child abuse and neglect: An epidemiological approach. In R.E.Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 60-70). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
191. Herrenkohl, R.C., Herrenkohl, E.C., & Egolf, B. (1983). Circumstances surrounding the occurrence of child maltreatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 424-431.
192. Higgins, D.J., & McCabe, M.T. (2000). Relationships between different types of maltreatment during childhood and adjustment in adulthood. Child Maltreatment, 5, 262-272.
193. Hildyard, K., & Wolfe, D. (2002). Child neglect: Developmental issues and outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(6-7), 679-695.
194. Hillson, J.M.C., & Kuiper, N.A. (1994). A stress and coping model of child maltreatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 261-285.
195. Holliday, M., & Cronin, R. (1990). Families first: A significant step toward family preservation. Families in Society, 303-306.
196. Homma-True, R. (1997). Asian American women. In E.Lee (Ed.), Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians (pp. 420-428). New York: Guilford Press.
197. Hong, G.K., & Hong, L.K. (1991). Comparative perspectives on child abuse and neglect: Chinese versus Hispanics and Whites. Child Welfare, 70, 463-475.
198. Horowitz, B., & Wolock, I. (1981). Material deprivation, child maltreatment, and agency interventions among poor families. In L.H.Pelton (Ed.), The social context of child abuse and neglect (pp. 137-184). New York: Human Sciences Press.
199. Howing, P.T., Wodarski, J.S., Gaudin, J.M., & Kurtz, D. (1989). Effective interventions to ameliorate the incidence of child maltreatment: The empirical base. Social Work, 34, 330-339.
200. Howing, P.T., Wodarski, J.S., Kurtz, D., & Gaudin, J.M. (1989). Child maltreatment research. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 25, 3-7.
201. Hsu, F. (1981). Americans and Chinese: Passage to differences (3rd ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
202. Hutchison, E.D. (1990). Child maltreatment: Can it be defined? Social Service Review, 64, 60-78.
203. Iwaniec, D. (1997). Evaluating parent training for emotionally abusive and neglectful parents: Comparing individual versus individual and group intervention. Research on Social Work Practice, 7, 329-349.
204. Jackson, A.P. (1998). The role of social support in parenting for low-income, single, black mothers. Social Service Review, 72, 365-378.
205. Johnson, C.F. (1993). Physicians and medical neglect: Variables that affect reporting. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 605-612.
206. Johnson, W., & Clancy, T. (1991). Efficiency in behavior-changing programs: The case of in-home child abuse prevention. In R.Pruger (Ed.), Efficiency and the social services (pp 105-118). New York: Haworth Press, Inc.
207. Jones, M.A. (1987). Parental lack of supervision: Nature and consequence of a major child neglect problem. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
208. Jonson-Reid, M. (2001). Exploring the relationship between child welfare interventions and juvenile corrections involvement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 599-576.
209. Jonson-Reid, M., Drake, B., Chung, S., & Way, I. (in press) Cross-type recidivism among child maltreatment victims and perpetrators. Child Abuse and Neglect. Available online July 25, 2003 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/chiabunect
210. Jung, M. (1998). Chinese American family therapy: A new model for clinicians. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
211. Kadushin, A. (1967). Child welfare services. New York: Macmillan.
212. Kadushin, A. (1978). Neglect-is it neglected too often? In M.L.Lauderdale, R.M. Anderson, & S.E.Cramer (Eds.). Child abuse and neglect: Issues on innovation and implementation: Vol. 1. Proceedings of the second national conference on child abuse and neglect (pp. 217-220). (DHEW Publication No. OHDS 78-30147). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
213. Kadushin, A., & Martin, J.A. (1988). Child welfare services (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
214. Kairys, S. (1996). Family support in cases of child abuse and neglect. In G.H.S. Singer, L.E.Powers, & A.L.Olson (Eds.), Redefining family support: Innovations in publicprivate partnerships (pp. 171-188). Baltimore, MD: Paul H.Brooks Publishing Company.
215. Kandall, S.R. (2000). Societal attitudes toward drug-using women and their children: Past and present. In R.P.Barth, M.Freundlich, & D.Brodzinsky (Eds.), Adoption & prenatal alcohol and drug exposure: Research, policy and practice (pp. 199-225). Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
216. Kaufman, J. (1991). Depressive disorders in maltreated children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 257-265.
217. Kelleher, K., Chaffin, M., Hollenberg, J., & Fischer, E. (1994). Alcohol and drug disorders among physically abusive and neglectful parents in a community-based sample. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1586-1590.
218. Kelly, P., Blacksin, B., & Mason, E. (2001) Factors affecting substance abuse treatment completion for women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 22, 287-304.
219. Kempe, H., Silverman, F., Steele, B., Droegemeuller, W., & Silver, H. (1962). The battered child syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 181, 17-24.
220. Kempe, R., & Goldbloom, R.B. (1987). Malnutrition and growth retardation (“failure to thrive”) in the context of child abuse and neglect. In R.E.Helfer & R. S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 312-335). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
221. Kendall-Tackett, K.A., & Eckenrode, J. (1996). The effects of neglect on academic achievement and disciplinary problems: A developmental perspective. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 161-169.
222. Kerns, K., Don, A., Mateer, C.A., & Streissguth, A.P. (1997). Cognitive deficits in nonretarded adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30, 685-693.
223. Kessen, W. (Ed.) (1975). Childhood in China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
224. Kinney, J., Haapala, D., & Booth, C. (1991). Keeping families together: The HomeBuilders model. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
225. Kirby, L.D., & Fraser, M.W. (1997). Risk and resilience in childhood. In M.W. Fraser (Ed.), Risk and resilience in childhood (pp. 10-33). Washington, DC: NASW Press.
226. Kissman, K. (1991). Feminist-based social work with single-parent families. Families in Society, 71(9), 23-28.
227. Knudsen, D.D. (1992). Child maltreatment: Emerging perspectives. Dix Hills, NY: General Hall, Inc.
228. Knutson, J.F. (1995). Psychological characteristics of maltreated children: Putative risk factors and consequences. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 401-431.
229. Korbin, J.E. (1981). Child abuse and neglect: Cross cultural perspectives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
230. Korbin, J.E. (1987). Child abuse and child neglect: The cultural context. In R.E. Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 23-41). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
231. Korbin, J.E. (2000). Culture and child maltreatment: Cultural competence and beyond. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 37-644.
232. Korbin, J.E. (2002). Culture and child maltreatment: Cultural competence and beyond. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26, 637-644.
233. Korbin, J.E., & Spilsbury, J.C. (1999). Cultural competence and child neglect. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 69-88). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
234. Krishman, V., & Morrison, K.B. (1995). An ecological model of child maltreatment in a Canadian province. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 101-113.
235. Kropenske, V., & Howard, J. (1994). Protecting children in substance-abusing families. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
236. Kuramoto, F., & Nakashima, J. (2000). Developing an ATOD Prevention campaign for Asian and Pacific Islanders: Some considerations. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 6(3), 57-64.
237. Lai, T.M. (2001). Ethnocultural background and substance abuse treatment of Chinese Americans. In S.L.A.Straussner (Ed.), Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment (pp. 345-367). New York: Guilford Press.
238. Lamphear, V.S. (1985), The impact of maltreatment on children’s psychosocial adjustment: A review of the research. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 251-263.
239. Landsman, M.J., Nelson, K., Allen, M., & Tyler, M. (1992). The self-sufficiency project: The national resource center on family based services. The Prevention Report, 10-14.
240. Larner, M.B., Terman, D.L., & Behrman, R.E. (1997). Welfare to work: Analysis and recommendations. The Future of Children, 7, 4-19.
241. Larsen, E., & Hegarty, C.L. (1987). Days of healing, days of joy. Center City, MN: Hazelden.
242. Law, J., & Conway, J. (1992) Effect of abuse and neglect on the development of children’s speech and language. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34, 943-948.
243. Layzer, J.I., Goodson, B.D., Bernstein, L., & Price, C. (2001). National evaluation of family support programs: Final report: Vol. a: The meta-analysis. Cambridge, MA: ABT Associates, Inc.
244. Lee, E. (1992). Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians. New York: Guilford Press.
245. Ledesma, R., & Starr, P. (2000). Child welfare and the American Indian community. In Neil Cohen and contributors. Child welfare: A multicultural focus (2nd ed.). (pp. 117-142). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
246. Leiter, J., Myers, K.A., & Zingraff, M.T. (1994). Substantiated and unsubstantiated cases of child maltreatment: Do their consequences differ? Social Work Research, 18, 67-82.
247. Lerman, P. (1994). Child protection and out-of-home care: Systems reform and regulating placement. In G.B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 353-437). New York: Guilford Press.
248. Lester, B.M., LaGrasse, L.L., & Seifer, R. (1998). Cocaine exposure and children: The meaning of subtle effects. Science, 282, 633-634.
249. Lewis, M., Giovannoni, J., & Leake, B. (1997). Two-year placement of children removed at birth from drug-using and non-drug-using mothers in Los Angeles. Social Work Research, 21, 81-91.
250. Lewit, E.M., & Kerrebrock, N. (1997a). Childhood hunger. The Future of Children, 7, 28-137.
251. Lewit, E.M., & Kerrebrock, N. (1997b). Population-based growth stunting. The Future of Children, 7, 149-156.
252. Lewit, E.M., & Kerrebrock, N. (1998). Child indicators: Dental health. The Future of Children, 8, 133-142.
253. Lewit, E.M., Terman, D.L., & Behrman, R.E. (1997). Children and poverty: Analysis and recommendations. The Future of Children, 7, 4-24.
254. Lindsey, D. (1994). The welfare of children. New York: Oxford University Press.
255. Lloyd, J.C., & Sallee, A.L. (1990). Family policy analysis and preserving families. In W.Deutelbaum, D.Haapala, J.Hutchinson, J.Lloyd, & C.Sudia (Eds.), Empowering families: Papers from the third annual conference on family-based services (pp. 131-138). Riverdale, IL: National Association for Family-Based Services.
256. Lujan, C., DeBruyn, L.M., May, P.A., & Bird, M.E. (1989). Profile of abused and neglected American Indian children in the southwest. Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 449-461.
257. Luthar, S.S. (1999). Poverty and children’s adjustment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. (Vol. 41, Developmental Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Series, Series ed.: Alan E.Kazdin).
258. Lynch, T. (1995). Public budgeting in America (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
259. Manly, J.T., Kim, J.E., Rogosch, F.A., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Dimensions of child maltreatment and children’s adjustment: Contributions of developmental timing and subtype. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 759-782.
260. Manning, M. (2001). Culturally competent assessment of African American communities and organizations. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 119-131). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
261. Marcenko, M., Spence, M., & Rohweder, C. (1994). Psychosocial characteristics of pregnant women with and without a history of substance use. Health and Social Work, 19, 17-22.
262. Margolin, L. (1990). Fatal child neglect. Child Welfare, 69, 309-319.
263. Marshall, D.B., & English, D.J. (1999). Survival analysis of risk factors for recidivism in child abuse and neglect. Child Maltreatment, 4, 287-296.
264. Martin, M.J., & Walters, J. (1982). Familial correlates of selected types of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 267-276.
265. Matsuoka, J. (2001). Evaluation and assessment in Hawaiian and Pacific Communities. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 438-453). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
266. Matsuyoshi, J. (2001). Substance abuse interventions for Japanese and Japanese American clients. In S.L.A.Straussner (Ed.), Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment (pp. 393-417). New York: Guilford Press.
267. Mattson, S.N., & Riley, E.P. (1998). A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 279-294.
268. Mayes, L.C. (1992). Prenatal cocaine exposure and young children’s development. Annals of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 521, 11-27.
269. McCaffrey, M. (1978). Realistic expectations for children and families: Maximization of educational resources. In L.Lauderdale, R.Anderson, & S.E.Cramer (Eds.), Child abuse and neglect: Issues of innovation and implementation: Vol. 2. Proceedings of the second national conference on child abuse and neglect (pp. 13-18). (DHEW Publication No. OHDS 78-30148). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
270. McCroskey, J., & Meezan, W. (1998). Family-centered services: Approaches and effectiveness. The Future of Children, 8, 54-71.
271. McCubbin, H.I., McCubbin, M.A., Thompson, A.L, & Thompson, E.A. (1995). Resiliency in ethnic families: A conceptual model for predicting family adjustment and adaptation. In H.I.McCubbin, E.A.Thompson, A.I.Thompson, & J.Fromer (Eds.), Resiliency in ethnic minority families: Native and immigrant American families (Vol. 1, pp. 3-48). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin System.
272. McFadden, R. (1990, June 19). Tragic ending to the adoption of a crack baby. New York Times, p. B1.
273. McGloin, J.M., & Widom, C.S. (2001). Resilience among abused and neglected children grown up. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 1021-1038.
274. McGowan, B. (1990). Family-based services and public policy: context and implications. In J.Whittaker, J.Kinney, E.Tracy, & C.Booth (Eds.), Reaching high-risk families: Intensive family preservation in human services (pp. 65-87). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
275. McRoy, R., & Vick, J. (forthcoming). Intersecting child welfare, substance abuse, and domestic violence. In R.Fong, R.McRoy, & C.Ortiz Hendricks (Eds.), Intersecting child welfare, substance abuse, and family violence. Washington, DC: Council on Social Work Education.
276. Medrano, M., Zule, W., Hatch, J., & Desmond, D. (1999). Prevalence of childhood trauma in a community sample of substance-abusing women. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25(3), 449-462.
277. Meezan, W., & O’Keefe, M. (1998). Evaluating the effectiveness of multifamily group therapy in child abuse and neglect. Research on Social Work Practice, 8, 330-353.
278. Meier, E.G. (1964). Child neglect. In N.E.Cohen, (Ed.), Social work and social problems (pp. 153-200). New York: National Association of Social Workers.
279. Melton, G.B., & Barry, F.D. (1994). Neighbors helping neighbors: The vision of the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. In G.B.Melton & F.D. Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundation for a new national strategy (pp. 1-13). New York: Guilford Press.
280. Milner, J., & Robertson, K.R. (1990). Comparison of physical child abusers, intrafamilial sexual child abusers, and child neglecters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 37-48.
281. Mokuau, N. (1998). Reality and vision: A cultural perspective in addressing alcohol and drug abuse among Pacific Islanders. In N.Mokuaui (Ed.), Responding to Pacific Islanders: Culturally competent perspectives for substance abuse prevention (pp. 25-48).
282. Money, J., & Needleman, A. (1980). Impaired mother-infant pair bonding in the syndrome of abuse dwarf ism: Possible prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal antecedents. In G.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 228-239). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
283. Moore, E., Armsden, G., & Gogerty, P.L. (1998). A twelve-year follow-up study of maltreated and at-risk children who received early therapeutic childcare. Child Maltreatment, 3, 3-16.
284. Moore, J., & Finkelstein, N. (2001). Parenting services for families affected by substance abuse. Child Welfare, 53(2), 221-238.
285. Moreno, C. (2001). Latino families and issues of substance abuse and family violence. Austin, TX: Task Force Meeting. Cultural Competence in Child Welfare Practice. Paper presented at The University of Texas at Austin, February 9 & 10. Unpublished manuscript.
286. Muenzenmaier, K., Meyer, T., Struening, E., & Ferber, J. (1993). Child abuse and neglect among women outpatients with chronic mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 666-670.
287. Mulroy, E.A. (1997). Building a neighborhood network: Interorganization collaboration to prevent child abuse and neglect. Social Work, 42, 255-264.
288. Mulsow, M.H., & Murry, V.M. (1996). Parenting on edge: Economically stressed, single, African American adolescent mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 704-721.
289. Murphy, J.M., Jellinek, M., Quinn, D., Smith, G., Poitrast, F.G., & Goshki, M. (1991). Substance abuse and serious child mistreatment: Prevalence, risk, and outcome in a court sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 191-211.
290. Murry, V.M., & Brody, G.H. (1999). Self-regulation and self worth of black children reared in economically stressed, rural, single mother-headed families: The contribution of risk and protective factors. Journal of Family Issues, 20, 458-484.
291. Nagel, J. (2000). The politics of ethnic authenticity: Building Native American identities and communities. In P.Kivisto & G.Rundblad, G. (Eds.), Multiculturalism in the United States: Contemporary issues, contemporary voices (pp. 113-124). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
292. Nair, P., Black, M., Schuler, M., Keane, V., Snow, L., Rigney, B., & Magder, L. (1997) Risk factors for disruption in primary caregiving among infants of substance abusing women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(11), 1039-1051.
293. National Association of Social Workers. (2001). NASW Standards for cultural competence in social work practice. Washington, DC: Author.
294. National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information. (2002). Summary of key findings from calendar year 2000. Washington, DC: Children’s Bureau. Administration on children, youth, and families.
295. National Exchange Club Foundation. (2000). Neglect. Toledo, OH: Author.
296. National Institutes of Health. (1999). Research on child neglect. RFA: OD-99-006. http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-OD-99-006.html
297. National Resource Center on Family Based Services. (1988). Factors contributing to success and failure in family based child welfare services: Final report. Iowa City, IA: Author.
298. National Resource Center on Family Based Services. (1994). Family functioning of neglectful families. Iowa City, IA: Author.
299. National Resource Center for Family Centered Practice. (1998). Of practice improvement and reforming reforms. Prevention Report, 2, 1-3.
300. Negroni-Rodriguez, L., & Morales, J. (2001). Individual and family assessment skills with Latino/Hispanic Americans. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 132-146). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
301. Nelson, D. (1991). The public policy implications of family preservation. In K. Wells & D.E.Biegel (Eds.), Family preservation services: Research and evaluation (pp. 207-222). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
302. Nelson, K. (1991). Populations and outcomes in five family preservation programs. In K.Wells & D.E.Biegel (Eds.), Family preservation services: Research and evaluation (pp. 72-91). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
303. Nelson, K. (1995). The child welfare response to youth violence and homelessness in the nineteenth century. Child Welfare, 74, 56-70.
304. Nelson, K., & Landsman, M.J. (1992). Alternative models of family preservation: Familybased services in context. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
305. Nelson, K., Landsman, M.J., Cross, T., Tyler, M., & Twohig, A. (1994). Family functioning of neglectful families: Final report: Vol. 1. Findings. Iowa City, IA: National Resource Center on Family Based Services.
306. Nelson, K., Saunders, E., & Landsman, M.J. (1990). Chronic neglect in perspective: A study of chronically neglecting families in a large metropolitan county. Oakdale, IA: National Resource Center on Family Based Services.
307. Neubauer, D. (1996). The five stages of the liberal state. Locke’s Pendulum: Health Care in a Postmodern World (pp. 1-15). Unpublished manuscript, University of Hawai’i.
308. Newberger, E.H., & Bourne, R. (1978). The medicalization and legalization of child abuse. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48, 593-607.
309. New York Times. (2000, February 18).
310. Ney, P.G., Fung, T., & Wickett, A.R. (1992). Causes of child abuse and neglect. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 401-405.
311. Ney, P.G., Fung, T., & Wickett, A.R. (1994). The worst combinations of child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, 705-714.
312. O’Donnell, J.M. (1999). Involvement of African American fathers in kinship foster care services. Social Work, 44, 428-440.
313. O’Hare, W. (2001). Child population: First data from the 2000 census. Baltimore, MD: Annie E.Casey Foundation and Population Reference Bureau.
314. Ohlsson, A. (1979). Non-organic failure to thrive. Child Abuse and Neglect, 3, 449-459.
315. Olds, D.L., Henderson, C.R., Kitzman, H.J., Eckenrode, J.J., Cole, R.E., & Tatelbaum, R.C. (1999). Prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses: Recent findings. The Future of Children, 9, 44-65.
316. Olsen, L., Allen, D., & Azzi-Lessing, L. (1996) Assessing risk in families affected by substance abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(9), 833-842.
317. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Family Preservation and Support Services Program, Public Law 103-66 (August 10, 1993). U. S. statutes at large, 107, 312.
318. Ortega, R., Guillean, C., & Najera, L. (1996). Latinos and child welfare. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, School of Social Work. National Latino Child Welfare Advocacy Group.
319. Ory, M.G., & Earp, J.L. (1980). Child maltreatment: An analysis of familial and institutional predictors. Journal of Family Issues, 1, 339-356.
320. Ozawa, M.N. (1999). The economic well-being of elderly people and children in a changing society. Social Work, 44, 9-19.
321. Ozawa, M.N., & Kim, R.Y. (1998). Declining economic fortunes of children in comparison to adults and elderly people. Social Work Research, 22, 14-30.
322. Ozawa, M.N., & Lum, Y. (1996). How safe is the safety net for poor children? Social Work Research, 20, 238-254.
323. Padilla, Y. (1999). Immigration policy: Issues for social work practice. In P.Ewalt, E.Freeman, A.Fortune, D.Poole, & S.Witkin (Eds.), Multicultural issues in social work: Practice and research (pp. 589-604). Washington, DC: NASW.
324. Paget, K.D., Philp, J.D., & Abramczyk, L.S. (1993). Recent developments in child neglect. In T.H.Ollendick & R.J.Prinz (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology: Vol. 15. New York: Plenum Press.
325. Parcel, T.L., & Menaghan, E.G. (1997). Effects of low-wage employment on family wellbeing. The future of Children, 7, 116-121.
326. Pecora, P.J., Fraser, M.W., & Haapala, D.A. (1991). Client outcomes and issues for program design. In K.Wells & D.E.Biegel (Eds.)., Family preservation services: Research and evaluation (pp. 3-32). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
327. Pelton, L.H. (1978). Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48, 608-617.
328. Pelton, L.H. (1981). Child abuse and neglect and protective intervention in Mercer County, New Jersey. In L.H.Pelton (Ed.), The social context of child abuse and neglect (pp. 90-136). New York: Human Sciences Press.
329. Pelton, L.H. (1994). The role of material factors in child abuse and neglect. In G. B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 131-181). New York: Guilford Press.
330. Pelton, L.H. (1998). Four commentaries: How we can better protect children from abuse and neglect. Commentary 3. The Future of Children, 8, 126-129.
331. Perry, B.D. (2001). Bonding and attachment in maltreated children: Consequences of emotional neglect in childhood. Booklet in B.Perry (Ed.), Caregiver Education Series. Houston, TX: The Child Trauma Academy.
332. Perry, B.D. (2002a). Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential: What childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture. Brain and Mind, 3, 79-100.
333. Perry, B.D. (2002b). The neuroarcheology of childhood maltreatment: The neurodevelopmental costs of adverse childhood events. In B.Geffner (Ed.), The cost of child maltreatment: Who pays? We all do. New York: Haworth Press. http://www.childtrauma.org/ctamaterials/Neuroarcheology.asp
334. Perry, B.D., Colwell, K., & Schick, S. (2002). Child neglect. In D.Levinson (Ed.). Encyclopedia of crime and punishment (Vol. 1, pp 192-196). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
335. Perry, B.D., & Pollard, D. (1997). Altered brain development following global neglect in early childhood. Society for Neuroscience: Proceedings from Annual Meeting, New Orleans.
336. Perry, B.D., Pollard, R.A., Blakely, T.L., Baker, W.L., & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How “states” become “traits.” Infant Mental Health Journal, 16, 271-291.
337. Peterson, L., Gable, S., & Saldana, L. (1996) Treatment of maternal addiction to prevent child abuse and neglect. Addictive Behaviors, 21(6), 789-801.
338. Petit, M.R., & Curtis, P.A. (1997). Child abuse and neglect: A look at the states. 1997 CWLA stat book. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America Press.
339. Petit, M.R., Curtis, P.A., Woodruff, K., Arnold, L.Feagans, L., & Ang, J. (1999). Child abuse and neglect: A look at the states. 1999 CWLA stat book. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America Press.
340. Petr, C. (1998). Social work with children and their families. New York: Oxford University Press.
341. Pettigrew, J. (1986). Child neglect in rural Punjabi families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 17, 63-85.
342. Pithouse, A., & Lindsell, S. (1996). Child protection services: Comparison of a referred family centre and a field social work service in South Wales. Research on Social Work Practice, 6, 473-491.
343. Plotnick, R.D. (1997). Child poverty can be reduced. The Future of Children, 7, 72-87.
344. Polansky, N.A. (1985). Determinants of loneliness among neglectful and other low-income mothers. Journal of Social Service Research, 8, 1-15.
345. Polansky, N.A., Ammons, P.W., & Gaudin, J.M. (1985). Loneliness and isolation in child neglect. Social Casework, 66, 18-47.
346. Polansky, N.A., Ammons, P.W., & Weathersby, B.A. (1983). Is there an American standard of childcare? Social Work, 23, 341-346.
347. Polansky, N.A., Bergman, R.D., DeSaix, C., & Sharlin, S. (1974). Verbal accessibility in the treatment of child neglect. In J.E.Leavitt (Ed.), The battered child: Selected readings (pp. 66-75). Fresno, CA: General Learning Corporation.
348. Polansky, N.A., Chalmers, M.A., Buttenwieser, E.W., & Williams, D.P. (1979). The absent father in child neglect. Social Service Review, 53, 163-174.
349. Polansky, N.A., Chalmers, M.A., Williams, D.P., & Buttonwieser, E.W. (1981). Damaged parents: An anatomy of child neglect. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
350. Polansky, N.A., DeSaix, C., & Sharlin, S. (1972). Child neglect: Understanding and reaching the parents. New York: Child Welfare League of America.
351. Polansky, N.A., Doroff, C., Kramer, E., Hess, D.S., & Pollane, L. (1978). Public opinion and intervention in child neglect. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 11-15.
352. Polansky, N.A., & Gaudin, J.M. (1983). Social distancing of the neglectful family. Social Service Review, 57, 196-208.
353. Polansky, N.A., Gaudin, J.M., Ammons, P.W., & Davis, K.B. (1985). The psychological ecology of the neglectful mother. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 265-275.
354. Polansky, N.A., & Williams, D.P. (1978). Class orientations to child neglect. Social Work, 23, 397-401.
355. Potocky-Tripodi, M. (2002). Best practices for social work with refugees and immigrants. New York: Columbia University Press.
356. Prino, C.T., & Perot, M. (1994). The effect of child physical abuse and neglect on aggressive, withdrawn and prosocial behavior. Child Abuse and Neglect, 10, 871-884.
357. Puig, M. (2001). Organizations and community intervention skills with Hispanic Americans. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 269-284). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
358. Queralt, M., & Witte, A.D. (1998). Influences on neighborhood supply of childcare in Massachusetts. Social Service Review, 72, 17-46.
359. Reidy, T.J. (1980). The aggressive characteristics of abused and neglected children. In G.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 262-269). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
360. Reidy, T.J., Anderegg, T.R., Tracy, R.J., & Cotler, S. (1980). Abused and neglected children: The cognitive, social and behavioral correlations. In G.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 284-289). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
361. Reyome, N.D. (1993). A comparison of the school performance of sexually abused, neglected and non-maltreated children. Child Study Journal, 23, 17-38.
362. Richardson, G., Conroy, M., & Day, N. (1996). Prenatal cocaine exposure on the development of school age children. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19, 627-634.
363. Rieder, C., & Cicchetti, D. (1989). Organizational perspective on cognitive control functioning and cognitive-affective balance in maltreated children. Developmental Psychology, 25, 382-393.
364. Rohner, R.P. (1986). The warmth dimension: Foundations of parental acceptancerejection theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
365. Rosco, B. (1990). Defining child maltreatment: Ratings of parental behaviors. Adolescence, 25, 517-528.
366. Rose, S.J. (1990). Child neglect: A definitional perspective (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 296-A.
367. Rose, S.J., & Meezan, W. (1993). Defining child neglect: Evolution, influences, and issues. Social Service Review, 67, 279-293.
368. Rutter, M. (1979). Maternal deprivation, 1972-1978: New findings, new concepts, new approaches. Child Development, 50, 283-305.
369. Rycraft, J.R. (1990). Redefining abuse and neglect: A narrower focus could affect children at risk. Public Welfare, 48, 14-21.
370. Saleeby, D. (1997). The strengths perspective in social work practice (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.
371. Salzinger, S., Kaplan, S., & Artemyeff, C. (1983). Mothers’ personal social networks and child maltreatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 68-76.
372. Samantrai, K. (1992). To prevent unnecessary separation of children and families: Public Law 96-272-policy and practice. Social Work, 37, 295-354.
373. Sandhu, D., & Malik, R. (2001). Ethnocultural background and substance abuse treatment of Asian Indian Americans. In S.Straussner (Ed.), Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment (pp. 368-392). New York: Guilford Press.
374. Sattler, J. (1998a). Clinical and forensic interviewing of children and families: Guidelines for mental health, education, pediatric, and child maltreatment fields. San Diego, CA: Jerome Sattler Publisher.
375. Sattler, J. (1998b). Background considerations in child maltreatment: Part 1. In J. Sattler (Ed.), Clinical and forensic interviewing of children and families (pp. 666-718). San Diego, CA: Jerome Sattler Publisher.
376. Saunders, E.J., Nelson, K., & Landsman, M.J. (1993). Racial inequality and child neglect: Findings in a metropolitan area. Child Welfare, 72, 341-354.
377. Scannapieco, M., & Conneli, K. (2001). Consequences of child neglect, children 0 to 3 years of age. APSAC Advisor, 13, 20-23.
378. Schene, P.A. (1998). Past, present and future role of child protective services. The Future of Children, 8, 23-38.
379. Schick, A. (1995). The federal budget: Politics, policy, process. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute.
380. Schorr, L. (1988). Within our reach: Breaking the cycle of disadvantage. New York: Doubleday.
381. Schorr, L. (1997). Common purpose: Strengthening families and neighborhoods to rebuild America. New York: Doubleday.
382. Seagull, E.A.W. (1987). Social support and child maltreatment: A review of the evidence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 11, 41-52.
383. Sedlak, A.J., & Broadhurst, D.D. (1996). Third national incidence study of child abuse and neglect: Final report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
384. Segal, U. (2002). A framework for immigration: Asians in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press.
385. Sheridan, M. (1995). A proposed intergenerationjal model of substance abuse, family functioning, and abuse/neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 519-530.
386. Smith, B., & Testa, M. (2002). The risk of subsequent maltreatment allegations in families with substance-exposed infants. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(1), 97-114.
387. Smith, M.G. (1998). The etiology of child neglect: A structural model (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, 1998).
388. Smith, P.K., & Yeung, W.J. (1998). Childhood welfare receipt and the implications of welfare reform. Social Service Review, 72, 1-16.
389. Smokowski, P.R. (1998). Prevention and intervention strategies for promoting reliance in disadvantaged children. Social Service Review, 72, 337-362.
390. Smokowski, P.R., & Wodarski, J.W. (1996). The effectiveness of child welfare services for poor, neglected children: A review of the empirical evidence. Research on Social Work Practice, 6, 504-523.
391. Socolar, R.S., Runyan, D.K., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (1995). Methodological and ethical issues related to studying child maltreatment. Journal of Family Issues, 16, 565-586.
392. Spearly, J.L., & Lauderdale, M. (1983). Community characteristics and ethnicity in the prediction of child maltreatment rates. Child Abuse and Neglect, 7, 91-105.
393. Steele, B. (1987). Reflections of the therapy of those who maltreat children. In R. E.Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 382-391). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
394. Stein, T.J. (1984). The child abuse prevention and treatment act. Social Service Review, 58, 302-314.
395. Steinberg, L.D., Catalano, R., & Dooley, D. (1981). Economic antecedents of child abuse and neglect. Child Development, 52, 975-985.
396. Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Homish, D.L., & Wei, E. (2001). Maltreatment of boys and the development of disruptive and delinquent behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 941-955.
397. Straussner, S.L.A. (2001). (Ed.). Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
398. Streissguth, A.P., Aase, J.M., Clarren, S.K., LaDue, R.A., Randels, S.P., & Smith, D.F. (1991). Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 265, 1961-1967.
399. Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Hogan, J., & Bookstein, F.L. (1996). Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Publication Services.
400. Streissguth, A.P., LaDue, R., & Randels, S. (1988). A manual on adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome with special reference to American Indians. Seattle, WA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
401. Sweet, J.J., & Resick, P.A. (1979). The maltreatment of children: A review of theories and research. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 40-59.
402. Swift, K.J. (1995a). Manufacturing “bad mothers”: A critical perspective on child neglect. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
403. Swift, K.J. (1995b). An outrage to common decency: Historical perspectives on child neglect. Child Welfare, 74, 71-91.
404. Takamura, J. (1991). Asian and Pacific elderly. In N.Mokuau. (Ed.), Handbook of social services for Asian and Pacific Islanders (pp. 185-202). New York: Greenwood Press.
405. Tannen, M. (1990). The case for long-term intervention in the provision of home-based services. In W.Deutelbaum, D.Haapala, J.Hutchinson, J.Lloyd, & C. Sudia (Eds.), Empowering families: Papers from the third annual conference on family-based services (pp. 45-50). Riverdale, IL: National Association for Family-Based Services.
406. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program (1999). Summary Final Rule. http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa/exsumcl.htm (11/25/2002)
407. Thomlison, B. (1997). Risk and protective factors in child maltreatment. In M.W. Fraser (Ed.), Risk and resilience in childhood: An ecological perspective (pp. 50-72). Washington, DC: NASW Press.
408. Thompson, M., & Kingree, J. (1998) The frequency and impact of violent trauma among pregnant substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors, 23(2), 257-262.
409. Thompson, R.A. (1994). Social support and the prevention of child maltreatment. In G.B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 40-130). New York: Guilford Press.
410. Thompson, R.A. (1995). Preventing child maltreatment through social support: A critical analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
411. Thornberry, T.P., Ireland, T.O., & Smith, C.A. (2001). The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 957-979.
412. Tochiki, L.A. (1996). The effectiveness of mediation in child abuse and neglect cases in family court. Unpublished paper.
413. Tomlinson, R., & Peters, P. (1981). An alternative to placing children: Intensive and extensive therapy with “disengaged” families. Child Welfare, 60, 95-103.
414. Tower, C.C. (1993). Understanding child abuse and neglect. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
415. Tower, C.C. (2000). Child abuse and neglect. In Neil Cohen and contributors. Child welfare: A multicultural focus (pp. 193-226). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon Press.
416. Tower, C.C. (2002). Understanding child abuse and neglect (5th ed,). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
417. Trocme, N. (1996). Development and preliminary evaluation of the Ontario child neglect index. Child Maltreatment, 1, 145-155.
418. Trocme, N., McPhee, D., & Tam, K.K. (1995). Child abuse and neglect in Ontario: Incidence and characteristics. Child Welfare, 74, 563-586.
419. True, R. (1990). Psychotherapeutic issues with Asian American women. Sex roles, 22(7, 8), 477-486.
420. Turner, R.J., & Avison, W.R. (1985). Assessing risk factors for problem parenting: The significance of social support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 881-892.
421. Twentyman, C.T., & Plotkin, R.C. (1982). Unrealistic expectations of parents who maltreat their children: An educational deficit that pertains to child development. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 497-503.
422. Tymchuk, A.J., & Andron, L. (1990). Mothers with mental retardation who do or do not abuse or neglect their children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14, 313-323.
423. Tzeng, C.S., & Jackson, J.W. (1991). Common methodological framework for theory construction and evaluation in the social and behavioral sciences. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 117, 51-76.
424. Uba, L. (1994). Asian Americans: Personality patterns, identity, and mental health. New York: Guilford Press.
425. U.S. Census Bureau. (2002). Current population survey, 1960-2002 annual demo-graphic supplements. http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty01/povage01cht.gif
426. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1992). Maternal drug abuse and drug exposed children: Understanding the problem. (DHHS Publication No. [ADM] 92-149). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
427. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). Child maltreatment 1994: Reports from the states to the national center on child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
428. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1998). Program instructions: Adoption and safe families act of 1997: PL 105-89. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
429. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1999a). Building perspectives and building common ground: A report to Congress on substance abuse and child protection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
430. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1999b). Safety, permanency, wellbeing: Child welfare outcomes annual report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/publications/cwo99/
431. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2002). Child maltreatment 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/publidations/cm00/
432. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2003). Child Maltreatment 2001. Washington, D.C.: Author.
433. Valentine, D.P., Acuff, D.S., Freeman, M.L., & Andreas, T. (1984). Defining child maltreatment: A multidisciplinary overview. Child Welfare, 63, 497-509.
434. Villa, R. (2001). Social work evaluation with Mexican Americans. In R.Fong & S. Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 370-383). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
435. Wagner, M.M., & Clayton, S.L. (1999). Parents as teachers program: Results from two demonstrations. The Future of Children, 9, 91-115.
436. Waldfogel, J. (1998). Rethinking the paradigm for child protection. The Future of Children, 8, 104-119.
437. Walker, A.J., Kees Martin, S.S., & Thompson, L. (1988). Feminist programs for families. Family Relations, 37, 17-22.
438. Walker, E., Downey, G., & Bergman, A. (1989). The effects of parental psychopathology and maltreatment on child behavior: A test of the diathesis-stress model. Child Development, 60, 15-25.
439. Washburne, C.K. (1983). A feminist analysis of child abuse and neglect. In D. Finkelhor, R.J.Gelles, G.T.Hotaling, & M.A.Straus (Eds.), The dark side of families: Current family violence research (pp. 289-292). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
440. Watters, J., White, G., Parry, R., Caplan, R., & Bates, R. (1986). A comparison of child abuse and child neglect. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 449-459.
441. Weaver, H. (2001a). Organization and community assessment with First Nations Peoples. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 178-195). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
442. Weaver, H. (2001b). Native Americans and substance abuse. In S.Straussner (Ed.), Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse (pp. 77-96). New York: The Guilford Press.
443. Weaver, H. (2003). Cultural competence with First Nations Peoples. In D.Lum, Culturally competent practice: A framework for understanding diverse groups and justice issues (pp. 197-216). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
444. Weber, M.W. (1998). Four commentaries: How we can better protect children from abuse and neglect. Commentary 4. The Future of Children, 8, 129-132.
445. Wells, K., & Biegel, D. (1991). Conclusion. In K.Wells & D.Biegel (Eds.), Family preservation services: Research and evaluation (pp. 241-250). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
446. Wells, K., & Biegel, D. (1992). Intensive family preservation services research: Current status and future agenda. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 28, 21-27.
447. Werner, E.E., & Smith, R.S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
448. Weston, J.A., Colloton, M., Halsey, S., Covington, S., Gilbert, J., Sorrentino-Kelly, L., & Renoud, S. (1993). A legacy of violence in nonorganic failure to thrive. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 709-714.
449. White, R.B., & Cornely, D.A. (1981). Navajo child abuse and neglect study: A comparison group examination of abuse and neglect of Navajo children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 5, 9-17.
450. Whittaker, J.K., Schinke, S.P., & Gilchrist, L.D. (1986). The ecological paradigm in child, youth, and family services: Implications for policy and practice. Social Services Review, 60, 483-503.
451. Whittaker, J.K., & Tracy, E. (1990). Family preservation services and education for social work practice: Stimulus and response. In J.Whittaker, J.Kinney, E. Tracy, & C.Booth (Eds.), Reaching high-risk families: Intensive family preservation in human services (pp. 1-11). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
452. Widom, C.S. (1989). Child abuse, neglect, and adult behavior: Research design and findings on criminality, violence and child abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 355-367.
453. Widom, C.S. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1223-1229.
454. Wildavsky, A. (1992). The new politics of the budgetary process (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
455. Williams, G.J. (1980a). Cruelty and kindness to children: Documentary of a century, 1874-1974. In G.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 68-88). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
456. Williams, G.J. (1980b). Management and treatment of parental abuse and neglect of children: An overview. In G.J.Williams & J.Money (Eds.), Traumatic abuse and neglect of children at home (pp. 483-497). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
457. Williams, J.H., Limb, G., & Adams, P. (forthcoming). Exploring the connections. In R.Fong, R.McRoy, & C.Ortiz-Hendricks. (Eds.), Intersecting Child Welfare, Substance Abuse, and Family Violence. Washington, DC: Council on Social Work Education.
458. Winton, M., & Mara, B. (2001). Child abuse and neglect. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
459. Wolfe, D.A. (1993). Prevention of child neglect: Emerging issues. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 90-111
460. Wolfe, D.A. (1994). The role of intervention and treatment services in the prevention of child abuse and neglect. In G.B.Melton & F.D.Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 224-303). New York: Guilford Press.
461. Wolock, I., & Horowitz, B. (1979). Child maltreatment and material deprivation among AFDC-recipient families. Social Service Review, 53, 175-194.
462. Wolock, I., & Horowitz, B. (1984). Child maltreatment as a social problem: The neglect of neglect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 530-543.
463. Wolock, I., & Magura, S. (1996). Parental substance abuse as a predictor of child maltreatment re-reports. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(12), 1183-1193.
464. Woolis, D. (1998). Family works: Substance abuse treatment and welfare. Public Welfare (Winter), 24-31.
465. Wright, E.M. (2001) Substance abuse in African American communities. In S. Straussner (Ed.), Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse (pp. 31-51). New York: Guilford Press.
466. Yellow Bird, M. (2001a). Substance abuse and family violence affecting First Nations Peoples: The continuing effects of European American colonialism. Austin, TX: Task Force Meeting. Cultural Competence in Child Welfare Practice. Paper presented at The University of Texas at Austin, February 9 & 10. Unpublished manuscript.
467. Yellow Bird, M. (2001b). Critical values and First Nations Peoples. In R.Fong & S. Furuto (Eds.), Culturally competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 61-74). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
468. Yellow Bird, M. (forthcoming). The continuing effects of American colonialism. In R.Fong, R.McRoy, & C.Ortiz-Hendricks (Eds.), Intersecting Child Welfare, Substance Abuse, and Family Violence. Washington, DC: Council on Social Work Education.
469. Young, G., & Gately, T. (1988). Neighborhood impoverishment and child maltreatment: An analysis from the ecological perspective. Journal of Family Issues, 9, 240-254.
470. Young, L. (1964). Wednesday’s children: A study of child neglect and abuse. New York: McGraw-Hill.
471. Yuan, Y.T., & Struckman-Johnson, D.L. (1991). Placement outcomes for neglected children with prior placements in family preservations programs. In K. Wells & D.E.Biegel (Eds.), Family preservation services: Research and evaluation (pp. 92-177). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
472. Zaslow, M.J., & Ernig, C.A. (1997). When low-income mothers go to work: Implications for children. The Future of Children, 7, 110-115.
473. Zumwalt, R.E., & Hirsch, C.S. (1987). Pathology of fatal child abuse and neglect. In R.E.Helfer & R.S.Kempe (Eds.), The battered child (pp. 247-285). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
474. Zuniga, M. (2001). Latinos cultural competence and ethics. In R.Fong & S.Furuto (Eds.), Cultural competent practice: Skills, interventions, and evaluations (pp. 47-60). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
475. Zuniga, M. (2003). Cultural competence with Latino Americans. In D.Lum, Culturally competent practice: A framework for understanding diverse groups and justice issues (pp. 238-260). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
476. Zuravin, S.J. (1987). Unplanned pregnancies, family planning problems, and child maltreatment. Family Relations, 36, 135-139.
477. Zuravin, S.J. (1988). Fertility patterns: Their relationship to child physical abuse and child neglect. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 983-993.
478. Zuravin, S.J. (1991). Unplanned childbearing and family size: Their relationship to child neglect and abuse. Family Planning Perspectives, 25, 155-161.
479. Zuravin, S.J. (1999). Child neglect: A review of definitions and measurements research. In H.Dubowitz (Ed.), Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy (pp. 24-46). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
480. Zuravin, S.J., & Greif, G.L. (1989). Normative and child-maltreating AFDC mothers. Social Casework, 70, 76-84.
481. Zuravin, S.J., & Taylor, R. (1989). The ecology of child maltreatment: Identifying and characterizing high-risk neighborhoods. Child Welfare, 66, 497-506.