메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue , 2018, Pages

A pilot randomized clinical trial comparing three brief group interventions for individuals with tinnitus

Author keywords

Acceptance and commitment therapy; Brief intervention; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Coping; Coping effectiveness training; Tinnitus

Indexed keywords

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL OUTCOME; COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR ASSESMENT; COPING EFFECTIVENESS TRAINING; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; PILOT STUDY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; THERAPY EFFECT; TINNITUS;

EID: 85078691348     PISSN: 2164957X     EISSN: 21649561     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2164956118783659     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (61)
  • 2
    • 84997706180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, severity, exposures, and treatment patterns of tinnitus in the United States
    • Bhatt JM, Lin HW, Bhattacharyya N. Prevalence, severity, exposures, and treatment patterns of tinnitus in the United States. JAMA Otolaryngol–Head Neck Surg. 2016; 142(10):959–965.
    • (2016) JAMA Otolaryngol–Head Neck Surg , vol.142 , Issue.10 , pp. 959-965
    • Bhatt, J.M.1    Lin, H.W.2    Bhattacharyya, N.3
  • 5
    • 77955501743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults
    • Shargorodsky J, Curhan G, Farwell W. Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults. Am J Med. 2010;123(8):711–718.
    • (2010) Am J Med , vol.123 , Issue.8 , pp. 711-718
    • Shargorodsky, J.1    Curhan, G.2    Farwell, W.3
  • 6
    • 84908871195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guideline: Tinnitus executive summary
    • Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus executive summary. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;151(4):533–541.
    • (2014) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.151 , Issue.4 , pp. 533-541
    • Tunkel, D.E.1    Bauer, C.A.2    Sun, G.H.3
  • 8
    • 84868376964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus
    • Hesser H, Gustafsson T, Lunde´ n C, et al. A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012;80(4):649–661.
    • (2012) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 649-661
    • Hesser, H.1    Gustafsson, T.2    Lunde, C.3
  • 9
    • 80053571098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptance and commitment therapy versus tinnitus retraining therapy in the treatment of tinnitus: A randomised controlled trial
    • Westin VZ, Schulin M, Hesser H, et al. Acceptance and commitment therapy versus tinnitus retraining therapy in the treatment of tinnitus: a randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2011;49(11):737–747.
    • (2011) Behav Res Ther , vol.49 , Issue.11 , pp. 737-747
    • Westin, V.Z.1    Schulin, M.2    Hesser, H.3
  • 10
    • 0028203805 scopus 로고
    • Psychological impact of HIV disease and implications for intervention
    • Chesney MA, Folkman S. Psychological impact of HIV disease and implications for intervention. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1994;17(1):163–182.
    • (1994) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-182
    • Chesney, M.A.1    Folkman, S.2
  • 11
    • 0029905341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Preliminary findings
    • Chesney MA, Folkman S, Chambers D. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: preliminary findings. Int J STD AIDS. 1996;7(suppl 2):75–82.
    • (1996) Int J STD AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 75-82
    • Chesney, M.A.1    Folkman, S.2    Chambers, D.3
  • 12
    • 0002168837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and coping: A reconceptualization
    • Zeidner M, Endler NS (Eds.), New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons
    • Costa PT, Somerfield MR, McCrae RR. Personality and coping: a reconceptualization. In: Zeidner M, Endler NS (Eds.). Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons; 1996: pp. 44–61.
    • (1996) Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications , pp. 44-61
    • Costa, P.T.1    Somerfield, M.R.2    McCrae, R.R.3
  • 14
    • 84889972019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to coping theory and research
    • Martz E, Livneh H (Eds.), New York, NY: Springer
    • Livneh H, Martz E. An introduction to coping theory and research. In: Martz E, Livneh H (Eds.). Coping With Chronic Illness and Disability. New York, NY: Springer; 2007: pp. 3–27.
    • (2007) Coping with Chronic Illness and Disability , pp. 3-27
    • Livneh, H.1    Martz, E.2
  • 15
    • 0001844872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in coping
    • Zeidner M, Endler N (Eds.), Applications I. Oxford, England: John Wiley and Sons
    • Krohne H. Individual differences in coping. In: Zeidner M, Endler N (Eds.). Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications I. Oxford, England: John Wiley and Sons; 1996: pp. 381–409.
    • (1996) Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research , pp. 381-409
    • Krohne, H.1
  • 16
    • 21144468631 scopus 로고
    • Coping with coping assessment: A critical review
    • Parker JD, Endler NS. Coping with coping assessment: a critical review. Eur J Pers. 1992;6(5):321–344.
    • (1992) Eur J Pers , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 321-344
    • Parker, J.D.1    Endler, N.S.2
  • 17
    • 0038143345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping
    • Skinner EA, Edge K, Altman J, et al. Searching for the structure of coping: a review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychol Bull. 2003; 129(2):216–269.
    • (2003) Psychol Bull , vol.129 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-269
    • Skinner, E.A.1    Edge, K.2    Altman, J.3
  • 18
    • 0025482407 scopus 로고
    • Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: A test of the hypothesis of fit
    • Vitaliano PP, DeWolfe DJ, Maiuro RD, et al. Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier of the relationship between coping and depression: a test of the hypothesis of fit. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59(3):582.
    • (1990) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 582
    • Vitaliano, P.P.1    Dewolfe, D.J.2    Maiuro, R.D.3
  • 19
    • 0034919870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisals of controllability and coping in caregivers and HIV+ men: Testing the goodness-of-fit hypothesis
    • Park CL, Folkman S, Bostrom A. Appraisals of controllability and coping in caregivers and HIV+ men: testing the goodness-of-fit hypothesis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69(3):481–488.
    • (2001) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-488
    • Park, C.L.1    Folkman, S.2    Bostrom, A.3
  • 20
    • 84920267638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review
    • Cheng C, Lau HPB, Chan MPS. Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(6):1582–1607.
    • (2014) Psychol Bull , vol.140 , Issue.6 , pp. 1582-1607
    • Cheng, C.1    Lau, H.P.B.2    Chan, M.P.S.3
  • 21
    • 0023891572 scopus 로고
    • Disabling tinnitus: Association with affective disorder
    • Sullivan MD, Katon W, Dobie R, et al. Disabling tinnitus: association with affective disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1988;10(4):285–291.
    • (1988) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-291
    • Sullivan, M.D.1    Katon, W.2    Dobie, R.3
  • 22
    • 0000138307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between coping style, tinnitus severity and emotional distress in a group of tinnitus sufferers
    • Budd RJ, Pugh R. The relationship between coping style, tinnitus severity and emotional distress in a group of tinnitus sufferers. Br J Health Psychol. 1996a;1(3):219–229.
    • (1996) Br J Health Psychol , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-229
    • Budd, R.J.1    Pugh, R.2
  • 23
    • 0030273764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tinnitus coping style and its relationship to tinnitus severity and emotional distress
    • Budd RJ, Pugh R. Tinnitus coping style and its relationship to tinnitus severity and emotional distress. J Psychosom Res. 1996b;41(4):327–335.
    • (1996) J Psychosom Res , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-335
    • Budd, R.J.1    Pugh, R.2
  • 24
    • 60849092939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The additive effect of co-occurring anxiety and depression on health status, quality of life and coping strategies in help-seeking tinnitus sufferers
    • Bartels H, Middel BL, Van Der Laan BF, et al. The additive effect of co-occurring anxiety and depression on health status, quality of life and coping strategies in help-seeking tinnitus sufferers. Ear Hear. 2008;29(6):947–956.
    • (2008) Ear Hear , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 947-956
    • Bartels, H.1    Middel, B.L.2    van Der Laan, B.F.3
  • 25
    • 85054306388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audiologist-guided internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for adults with tinnitus in the United Kingdom: A randomized controlled trial
    • Beukes EW, Baguley DM, Allen PM, et al. Audiologist-guided internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for adults with tinnitus in the United Kingdom: a randomized controlled trial. Ear Hear. 2018;39(3):423–433.
    • (2018) Ear Hear , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-433
    • Beukes, E.W.1    Baguley, D.M.2    Allen, P.M.3
  • 26
    • 23044448410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies
    • Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639–665.
    • (2004) Behav Ther , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 639-665
    • Hayes, S.C.1
  • 27
    • 27844571962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes
    • Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, et al. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):1–25.
    • (2006) Behav Res Ther , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-25
    • Hayes, S.C.1    Luoma, J.B.2    Bond, F.W.3
  • 29
    • 0034055057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) as a method for treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis patients
    • Jastreboff PJ, Jastreboff MM. Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) as a method for treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis patients. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(3):162–177.
    • (2000) J am Acad Audiol , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 162-177
    • Jastreboff, P.J.1    Jastreboff, M.M.2
  • 31
    • 79952628284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for tinnitus distress
    • Hesser H, Weise C, Westin VZ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for tinnitus distress. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(4):545–553.
    • (2011) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 545-553
    • Hesser, H.1    Weise, C.2    Westin, V.Z.3
  • 32
    • 79959380024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials examining tinnitus management
    • Hoare D, Kowalkowski V, Kang S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials examining tinnitus management. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(7):1555–1564.
    • (2011) Laryngoscope , vol.121 , Issue.7 , pp. 1555-1564
    • Hoare, D.1    Kowalkowski, V.2    Kang, S.3
  • 34
    • 85019664819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial in clinical settings to evaluate effectiveness of coping skills education used with progressive tinnitus management
    • Henry JA, Thielman J, Zaugg TL, et al. Randomized controlled trial in clinical settings to evaluate effectiveness of coping skills education used with progressive tinnitus management. J Speech, Lang, Hear Res. 2017; 60(5):1378–1397.
    • (2017) J Speech, Lang, Hear Res , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 1378-1397
    • Henry, J.A.1    Thielman, J.2    Zaugg, T.L.3
  • 35
    • 0347986761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: Results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention
    • Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, et al. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(6):1038–1046.
    • (2003) Psychosom Med , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 1038-1046
    • Chesney, M.A.1    Chambers, D.B.2    Taylor, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 0037350812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping effectiveness training reduces depression and anxiety following traumatic spinal cord injuries
    • Kennedy P, Duff J, Evans M, et al. Coping effectiveness training reduces depression and anxiety following traumatic spinal cord injuries. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003; 42(1):41–52.
    • (2003) Br J Clin Psychol , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-52
    • Kennedy, P.1    Duff, J.2    Evans, M.3
  • 37
    • 0033001264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury: Preliminary results of a controlled trial
    • King C, Kennedy P. Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury: preliminary results of a controlled trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 1999;38(1):5–14.
    • (1999) Br J Clin Psychol , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-14
    • King, C.1    Kennedy, P.2
  • 38
    • 20444391334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive emotions: Exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine
    • Chesney MA, Darbes LA, Hoerster K, et al. Positive emotions: exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(2):50–58.
    • (2005) Int J Behav Med , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 50-58
    • Chesney, M.A.1    Darbes, L.A.2    Hoerster, K.3
  • 39
    • 84857913633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tinnitus functional index: Development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus
    • Meikle MB, Henry JA, Griest SE, et al. The tinnitus functional index: development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus. Ear Hear. 2012;33(2):153–176.
    • (2012) Ear Hear , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-176
    • Meikle, M.B.1    Henry, J.A.2    Griest, S.E.3
  • 40
    • 84932175391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tinnitus functional index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application
    • Henry JA, Griest S, Thielman E, et al. Tinnitus functional index: development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application. Hearing Res. 2016;334:58–64.
    • (2016) Hearing Res , vol.334 , pp. 58-64
    • Henry, J.A.1    Griest, S.2    Thielman, E.3
  • 41
    • 0036717780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research
    • Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, et al. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002; 40(9):771–781.
    • (2002) Med Care , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 771-781
    • Callahan, C.M.1    Unverzagt, F.W.2    Hui, S.L.3
  • 42
    • 34547145165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
    • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2):175–191.
    • (2007) Behav Res Methods , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-191
    • Faul, F.1    Erdfelder, E.2    Lang, A.G.3
  • 43
    • 24044457559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomization and allocation concealment: A practical guide for researchers
    • Doig GS, Simpson F. Randomization and allocation concealment: a practical guide for researchers. J Crit Care. 2005;20(2):187–191.
    • (2005) J Crit Care , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-191
    • Doig, G.S.1    Simpson, F.2
  • 44
    • 0037116839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation concealment in randomised trials: Defending against deciphering
    • Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering. Lancet. 2002; 359(9306):614–618.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9306 , pp. 614-618
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Grimes, D.A.2
  • 46
    • 0002255373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE
    • Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92–100.
    • (1997) Int J Behav Med , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-100
    • Carver, C.S.1
  • 47
    • 0024617548 scopus 로고
    • Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach
    • Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;56(2):267–283.
    • (1989) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-283
    • Carver, C.S.1    Scheier, M.F.2    Weintraub, J.K.3
  • 48
    • 85115895914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed October 31, 2017
    • Carver CS. Brief COPE. http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/ccarver/sclBrCOPE.html. Accessed October 31, 2017.
    • Carver, C.S.1    Brief, C.O.P.E.2
  • 49
    • 80053921339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of perceptions of health control and coping modes on negative affect among individuals with spinal cord injuries
    • Livneh H, Martz E. The impact of perceptions of health control and coping modes on negative affect among individuals with spinal cord injuries. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2011;18(3):243–256.
    • (2011) J Clin Psychol Med Settings , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-256
    • Livneh, H.1    Martz, E.2
  • 50
    • 84906232383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping strategies and resources as predictors of psychosocial adaptation among people with spinal cord injury
    • Livneh H, Martz E. Coping strategies and resources as predictors of psychosocial adaptation among people with spinal cord injury. Rehab Psychol. 2014;59(3):329–339.
    • (2014) Rehab Psychol , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-339
    • Livneh, H.1    Martz, E.2
  • 51
    • 70350068314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of depressive symptoms in older veterans with heart failure
    • Paukert AL, LeMaire A, Cully JA. Predictors of depressive symptoms in older veterans with heart failure. Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(4):601–610.
    • (2009) Aging Ment Health , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 601-610
    • Paukert, A.L.1    Lemaire, A.2    Cully, J.A.3
  • 52
    • 84867200205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways for psychological adjustment in breast cancer: A longitudinal study on coping strategies and posttraumatic growth
    • Silva SM, Crespo C, Canavarro MC. Pathways for psychological adjustment in breast cancer: a longitudinal study on coping strategies and posttraumatic growth. Psychol Health. 2012;27(11):1323–1341.
    • (2012) Psychol Health , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 1323-1341
    • Silva, S.M.1    Crespo, C.2    Canavarro, M.C.3
  • 53
    • 84989846257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed October 30, 2017
    • IBM Corporation. IBM SPSS missing values 22. http://www.sussex.ac.uk/its/pdfs/SPSS_Missing_Values_22.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2017.
    • IBM SPSS Missing Values 22
  • 54
    • 85115904514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed October 30, 2017
    • IBM Corporation. IBM SPSS missing values. https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLVMB_ 23.0.0/spss/base/idh_defvar_msval.html. Accessed October 30, 2017.
  • 58
    • 84934806537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping among individuals with multiple sclerosis: Evaluating a goodness-of-fit model
    • Roubinov DS, Turner AP, Williams RM. Coping among individuals with multiple sclerosis: evaluating a goodness-of-fit model. Rehab Psychol. 2015;60(2):162–168.
    • (2015) Rehab Psychol , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-168
    • Roubinov, D.S.1    Turner, A.P.2    Williams, R.M.3
  • 59
    • 1642516737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services
    • Hansen NB, Lambert MJ, Forman EM. The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services. Clin Psychol: Sci Pract. 2002; 9(3):329–343.
    • (2002) Clin Psychol: Sci Pract , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-343
    • Hansen, N.B.1    Lambert, M.J.2    Forman, E.M.3
  • 60
    • 84930702672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowing more than we can tell: People are aware of their biased self-perceptions
    • Bollich KL, Rogers KH, Vazire S. Knowing more than we can tell: people are aware of their biased self-perceptions. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015;41(7):918–929.
    • (2015) Pers Soc Psychol Bull , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 918-929
    • Bollich, K.L.1    Rogers, K.H.2    Vazire, S.3
  • 61
    • 84973703175 scopus 로고
    • Response-shift bias: A problem in evaluating interventions with pre/post self-reports
    • Howard GS. Response-shift bias: a problem in evaluating interventions with pre/post self-reports. Eval Rev. 1980; 4(1):93–106.
    • (1980) Eval Rev , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-106
    • Howard, G.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.