The political party as national holding company: The Hungarian democratic federation of Romania

The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-Communist Societies: State-Building, Democracy and Ethnic Mobilization

Volumn , Issue , 2019, Pages 101-128

  Shafir, Michael ^a  

^a Radio Free Europe   (Czech Republic)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85077584234     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315699257-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (47)

1. Romanian Institute for Human Rights, Rights of the Persons Belonging to the National Minorities (Bucharest: Monitorul oficial), 1993, Appendix 1/1, p. 112.
2. Agentia nationala de presa-Rompres, Partidepolitics, 1993 (Bucharest: Rompres, 1993), p. 147.
3. Michael Shafir, “Xenophobic Communism: The Case of Bulgaria and Romania,” The World Today, vol. 45, no. 12, 1989, pp. 208-212
4. Romania: Politics, Economics and Society. Political Stagnation and Simulated Change (London: Frances Pinter, 1985), pp. 158-165
5. Kenneth T. Jowitt, Revolutionary Breakthroughs and National Development: The Case of Romania, 1944-1965 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971), esp. pp. 281282
6. Walker Connor, The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), pp. 340-342
7. Tom Gallagher, Romania After Ceausescu: The Politics of Intolerance (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1995), pp. 50-58.
8. Michael Shafir, “The Revolution: An Initial Assessment,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 1, no. 4, 1990, pp. 34-42
9. Nestor Ratesh, Romania: The Entangled Revolution (Washington: Praeger, 1991), pp. 19-31
10. Katherine Verdery and Gail Kligman, “Romania after Ceausescu: Post-Communist Communism?,” in Ivo Banac, ed„ Eastern Europe in Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992), pp. 118-122
11. Matei Calinescu and Vladimir Usmaneanu, “The 1989 Revolution and Romania’s Future,” Problems of Communism (January-April 1991), pp. 42-59
12. Vladimir Tismaneanu, “The Quasi-Revolution and Its Discontents: Emerging Pluralism in Post-Ceausescu Romania,” East European Politics and Societies, vol. 7, no. 5, 1993, pp. 309-348.
13. Judith Pataki, “Free Hungarians in a Free Romania: Dream or Reality?,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol.1, no. 8, 1990, pp. 18-26
14. G. Gallagher, p. 77.Radio BucharestznA Rompres [in English], January 5, 1990.
15. Michael Shafir, “Romania: Debating Electoral Change,” Transition, vol. 1, no. 11, 1995, pp. 49-53.
16. Appendix 3 in Partidepolitice, 1993
17. Aurelian Craiutu, “A Dilemma of Dual Identity: The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania,” East European Constitutional Review, vol.4, no. 2, 1995, pp. 43-49
18. Romanian Institute for Human Rights, Rights of the Persons Belonging to the National Minorities (Bucharest: Monitorul oficial), 1993, Appendix 1/1, p. 112.
19. Michael Shafir, “Agony and Death of an Opposition Alliance,” Transition, vol. 1, no.8, 1995, pp. 23-28.
20. See Edith Oltay, “The Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania: Structure, Agenda, Alliances,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 2, no. 29, pp. 29-35
21. Mircea Kivu, “O abordare empirica a relatiei dintre romani si maghiari” [An Empirical Approach to the relationship between Romanians and Hungarians], Revista de cercetari sociale, vol. 1, no. 4, 1994, pp. 3-21.
22. Adevarul, July 18, 1995.
23. Set Monitorul U.D.M.R., no. 6, January 1995, p. 5.
24. Varujan Vosganian, “Formatiunile politice constituite pe baze etnice,” Polls, No. 2 (1994), pp. 171-190.
25. Monitorul U.D.M.R, no. 6, 1995, pp. 6-8.
26. G. Gallagher, Romania After Ceausescu, pp. 78-79.
27. Michael Shafir, “The Congress of the Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania: Postponed Confrontations,” Sfera politicii (Bucharest), vol.1, no.3, 1993, pp. 11-12.
28. Tom Gallagher, “Controversy in Cluj,” Transition, vol. 1, no. 15,1995, pp. 58-61.
29. Michael Shafir, “Romania: Ruling Party Formalizes Relations with Extremists,” Transition, vol. 1, no. 5, 1995, pp. 42-46.
30. Monitorul U.D.M.R, no. 7, 1995, pp. 7-8.
31. Helsinki Watch, Struggling for Ethnic Identity: Ethnic Hungarians in Post-Ceausescu Romania (New York: Helsinki Watch, 1993), p. 98.
32. Vladimir Socor, “Forces of Old Resurface in Romania: The Ethnic Clashes in Tirgu Mures,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 1, no. 15, pp. 36-42
33. Michael Shafir, “The Romanian Authorities’ Reactions to the Violence in Tirgu Mures,” pp. 43-46
34. Crisula Stefanescu, “Disputes over Control of Romanian Television,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 2, no. 8, 1991, pp. 28-33
35. Helsinki Watch, Struggling for Ethnic Identity, pp. 46
36. Michael Shafir and Dan Ionescu, “The Minorities in 1991: Mutual Distrust, Social Problems, and Disillusion,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 2, no. 50, pp. 24-28.
37. Helsinki Watch, Struggling for Ethnic Identity, Appendix A, pp. 125-126.
38. Helsinki Watch, Struggling for Ethnic Identity, pp. 12-13
39. Libertatea, Adevarul, andEvenimentulzilei, August 23, 1995.
40. Michael Shafir, “Transylvanian Shadows, Transylvanian Lights,” RFE/RL Research Report, vol. 1, no. 26, 1992, pp. 28-33
41. “Ethnic Tension Runs High in Romania,” RFE/RL Research Report, vol. 3, no. 32, 1994, pp. 24-32.
42. Michael Shafir, “Romania’s New Institutions: The Draft Constitution,” Report on Eastern Europe, vol. 2, no. 38, 1991, pp. 22-33.
43. Mihai Constantinescu et. al., Constitutia Romaniei: Comentata si adnotata (Bucharest: Monitorul Oficial, 1992), p. 23.
44. Michael Shafir, “Romania: Constitution Approved in Referendum,” RFE/RL Research Report, vol.l, no. 2, 1992, pp. 50-55.
45. Buletin informativ U.D.M.R., no. 110, June 1, 1994.
46. Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 428-432.
47. Michael Shafir, “A Possible Light at the End of the Tunnel,” Transitions, vol. 2, no. 19,1996, pp. 29-32.