Opinion of the Scientific Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the reevaluation of coccidiostat Elancoban in accordance with article 9G of Council Directive 70/524/EEC

EFSA Journal

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2004, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

ADI; anticoccidial efficacy; coccidiostat; consumer safety; Elancoban; environmental safety; feed additive; ionophore; microbiological risks; monensin sodium; MRL; target animal safety; worker safety

Indexed keywords

EID: 85077558024     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.42     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anadon, A. and Reeve-Johnson, L. 1999. Macrolide antibiotics, drug interactions and microsomal enzymes: implications for veterinary medicine. Res. Vet. Sci. 66, 197–203.
2. Benno, Y., Endo, K., Shiragami, N. and Mitsuoka, T. 1988. Susceptibility of fecal anaerobic bacteria from pigs and chickens to five polyether antibiotics for growth promotion. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 50, 783–790.
3. Broz, J. and Frigg, M. 1987. Incompatibility between lasalocid and chloramphenicol in broiler chicks after a long-term simultaneous administration. Vet. Res. Commun. 11, 159–172.
4. Cabel, M. and Waldroup, P. 1991. Effects of different coccidiostats on performance of large white turkeys. Poult. Sci. 70, 241–249.
5. Cabel, M., Norton, R., Yazwinski, T. and Waldroup, P. 1991. Efficacy of different anticoccidials against experimental coccidiosis in large white turkeys. Poult. Sci. 70, 289–292.
6. Cardona, C., Galey, F., Bickford, A., Charlton, B. and Cooper, G. 1993. Skeletal myopathy produced with experimental dosing of turkeys with monensin. Avian Dis. 37, 107–117.
7. Chapman, H. D., 1976. Eimeria tenella in chickens: Studies on resistance to the anticoccidial drugs monensin and lasalocid. Vet. Parasitol. 2, 187, 196.
8. Chapman, H.D. 1993. Twenty-one years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis. A review. In Proceedings of the VIth International Coccidiosis Conference, Guelph Ontario. Eds. Barra, J.R. and Fernando, M.M.
9. Chapman, H. and Saleh, E., 1999. Effect of different concentrations of monensin and monensin withdrawal upon control of coccidiosis in the turkey. Poult. Sci. 78, 50–56.
10. Coleman, M.R., Moran, J.W. and Mowrey, D.H. 1997. Liquid chromatographic determination of monensin in premix and animal feeds: collaborative study. JAOAC Int. 80, 693–702.
11. Comben, N. 1984. Toxicity of the ionophores. Letter to the Veterinary Journal. Vet. Rec. 114, 128.
12. Daugschies, A., Gässlein, U. and Rommel, M. 1998. Comparative efficacy of anticoccidials under the conditions of commercial broiler production and in battery trials. Vet. Parasitol. 76, 163–171.
13. Davison, K.L. 1984. Monensin metabolism in calves and chickens. J. Agr. Food Chem. 32, 1273–1277.
14. Donoho, A., Manthey, J., Occolowitz, J. and Zornes, L. 1978. Metabolism of monensin in the steer and rat. J. Agr. Food Chem. 26, 1090–1095.
15. Donoho, A.L., Herberg, R.J., Zornes, L.L. and Van Duyn, R.L. 1982. Excretion and tissue distribution of [14C] monensin in chickens. J. Agr. Food Chem. 30, 909–913.
16. Dutta, G.N., Devriese, L.A. and Van Assche, P.F. 1983. Susceptibility of clostridia from farm animals to 21 antimicrobial agents including some used for growth promotion. J. Antimicrobial Chem. 12, 247–256.
17. Ficken, M., Wages, D. and Gonder, E. 1989. Monensin toxicity in turkey breeder hens. Avian Dis. 33, 186–190.
18. Frigg, M., Broz, J. and Weber, G. 1983. Compatibility studies of ionophore anticoccidials with various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. Arch Geflügelk. 47, 213–220.
19. Godfrey, M.A.J., Luckey, M.F. and Kwasowski, P. 1997. IAC/cELISA detection of monensin elimination from chicken tissues following oral therapeutic dosing. Food Add. Contam. 3, 281–286.
20. Hinton, M., Al-Chalaby, Z.A.M. and Linton, A.H. 1986. The influence of dietary protein and antimicrobial feed additives on salmonella carriage by broiler chickens. Vet. Rec. 119, 495–500.
21. Izat, A. L., Colberg, M., Reiber, M. A., Adams, M. H., Skinner, J. T., Cabel, M. C., Stilborn, H. L. and Waldroup, P. W. 1990. Comparison of different anticoccidials on processing characteristics and part yield of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 70, 1419–1423.
22. Jeffers, T. and Bentley E. 1980. Monensin sensitivity of recent fields isolates of turkey coccidia. Poult. Sci. 59, 1722–1730.
23. Kamphues, J., Meyer, H., Lieber, E.M. and Johannsen, A. 1990. Animal nutrition for veterinarians – recent cases of clinical disorders in horses after intake of ionophore containing feed. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 97, 537–539.
24. Langston, V.C., Langston V.C., Galey F., Lovell R. and Buck W.B., 1985, “Toxicity and therapeutics of monensin: A review.” Veterinary Medcinei, 80: 75–84.
25. Larry, D., Tinel, M. and Pessayre, D. 1983. Formation of inactive cytochrome P-450 Fe(II)-metabolite complexes with several erythromycin derivatives but not with josamycin and midecamycin in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 32 (9), 1487–1493.
26. Lehel, J., Laczay, P., Mora, Z. and Semjen, G. 1995. Toxicological studies on potentiated ionophores in chickens. I: Compatibility study. Acta Vet. Hung. 43, 335–345.
27. Linton, A.H., Al-Chalaby, Z.A.M. and Hinton, M.H. 1985. Natural subclinical salmonella infections in chickens: A potential model for testing the effects of various procedures on salmonella shedding. Vet. Rec. 116, 361–364.
28. Logan, N. B., Mc$ Kenzie, M.E., Conway, D.P., Chappel, L.R. and Hammel, N.C., 1993. Anticoccidial efficacy of Semduramicin. 2. Evaluation against field isolates including comparisons with salinomycin, maduramicin, and monensin in battery tests. Poult. Sci. 72, 2058–2063.
29. Manning, J.G., Hargis, B.M., Hinton, A., Corrier, D.E., DeLoach, J.R. and Creger, C.R. 1994. Effect of selected antibiotics and anticoccidials on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonisation and organ invasion in Leghorn chicks. Avian Dis. 38, 256–261.
30. McDougald, L. R., Mathis, G. F. and Conway, D. P., 1996. Effect of semduramicin, salinomycin, and monensin on performance, shank pigmentation, and coccidial lesions in broiler chickens in floor pens. Avian Dis. 40, 68–71.
31. Meingassner, J.G., Schmook, F.P., Czok, R. and Mieth, H. 1979. Enhancement of the anticoccidial activity of polyether antibiotics in chickens by tiamulin. Poult. Sci. 58 (2), 308–313.
32. Metzler, M. J., Britton, W. M. and McDougald L.R. 1987. Effects of monensin feeding and withdrawal time on growth and carcass composition in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 66, 1451–1458.
33. Mitema, E.S, Sangiah S., Martin T., 1988. Effects of some calcium modulators on monensin toxicity. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 30, 5, 409–13.
34. Nebbia, C., Ceppa, L., Dacasto, M., Carletti, M. and Nachtmann, C. 1999: Oxidative metabolism of monensin in rat liver microsomes and interactions with tiamulin and other chemotherapeutic agents: evidence for the involvement of cytochrtome P-450 3A subfamily. Drug Metab. Dispos. 27, 1039–1044.
35. Okada, J., Higuchi, I. and Kondo, S. 1980. Determination of the disappearance rate and residual levels of monensin in chick tissues by quantitative thin-layer bioautography. J. Food Hyg. Soc. 21, 177–183.
36. Peek, H.W., Landman, W.J.M. 2003. Resistance to anticoccidial drugs of Dutch avian Eimeria spp. field isolates originating from 1996, 1999 and 2001. Avian Pathol. 27, 391–401.
37. Peeters, J.E., Derijcke, J., Verlinden, M. and Wyffels, R. 1994. Sensitivity of avian Eimeria spp. to seven chemical and five ionophore anticoccidials in five Belgian integrated broiler operations. Avian Dis. 38, 483–493.
38. Pressman, B.S and Fahim, M., 1983. Cardiovascular toxicity of ionophores used as feed additives. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 161, 543–561.
39. Rodewald, J.M., Moran, J.W., Donoho, A.L. and Coleman, M.R. 1992. Determination of monensin in raw material, premix and animal feeds by liquid chromatographiy with correlation to microbiological assay. JAOAC Int. 75, 272–279.
40. Ryley, J. F. and Wilson, R. G. 1975. Laboratory studies with some recent anticoccidials. Parasitology 70, 203–222.
41. Schildknecht, E., L. Rakebrand and Jensen, L. 1995. Anticoccidial activity of Avatec, Coban and Stenorol against recent turkey field isolates from the USA. Poult. Sci., 74, 154.
42. Shumard, R. F. and Callender, M. E., 1968. Monensin, a new biologically active compound VI. Anticoccidial activity. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 369–377.
43. Smith H.W. and Tucker, J.C. 1978. The effect of antimicrobial fed additives on the colonisation of the alimentary tract of chickens by Salmonella typhimurium. J. Hyg. Camb. 80, 217–231.
44. Stanley, V.G., Woldesenbel, S. and Gray, C. 1996. Sensitivity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 932 to selected anticoccidial drugs in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 75, 42–46.
45. Stephan, B., Rommel, M., Daugschies, A. and Haberkorn, A. 1997. Studies of resistance to anticoccidials in Eimeria field isolates and Eimeria strains. Vet. Parasitol. 69, 19–29.
46. Szucs, G., Bajnogel, J., Varga, A., Mora, Z. and Laczay, P., 2000. Studies on the toxic interaction between monensin and tiamulin in rats: toxicity and pathology. Acta Vet. Hung. 48, 209–219.
47. Todd, G.C, Novilla, M.N. and Howard, L.C., 1984. Comparative toxicology of monensin sodium in laboratory animals. J. Animal Science, 58:1512–1517.
48. Varga, I., Laczay P., Lehel J., Mora Z., Romvary A. and Fekete J., 1994. Potentiation on ionophorous anticoccidials with dihydroquinolines: battery trials against Eimeria tenella in chickens. Int. J. Parasitol. 5, 689–694.
49. Watkins, P.B., Wrighton, S.A., Schuetz, E.G., Maurel, P. and Guzelian, P.S. 1986: Macrolide antibiotics inhibit the degradation of the glucocorticoid-responsive cytochrome p-450p in rat hepatocytes in vivo and in primary monolayer culture. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6264–6271.
50. Watkins, K.L., Bafundo, K.W. and Donovan, D.J. 1990. Research note: anticoccidial effect of monensin against Eimeria mitis and Eimeria dispersa. Poul. Sci. 69, 1009–1011.
51. Watkins, K.L., Novilla, M.N. and Campi, T. 1993. Effects of feed restriction and subsequent gorging with limited access to water on male turkeys fed graded levels of monensin. Poult. Sci. 72, 677–683.
52. Watkins, K.L., Shryock, T.R., Dearth, R.N. and Saif, Y.M. 1997. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkeys and broiler chick origin. Vet. Microbiol. 54, 195–200.
53. Weisman, Y., Herz, A., Yegana, Y., Egyed, M.N. and Shlosberg, A. 1983a. The effect of tiamulin administrered by different routes and at different ages to turkeys receiving monensin in their feed. Vet. Res. Commun. 6, 189–198.
54. Weisman, Y., Herz, A., Yegana, Y., Egyed, M.N. and Shlosberg, A. 1983b. Effect of tiamulin administered by various methods and dosages on turkeys at different ages. Avian Dis. 27, 218–224.
55. Williams, R. B. 1992. Differences between the anticoccidial potencies of monensin in maize-based chicken diets. Res. Comm. 16, 147–152.
56. Witkamp, R.F., Nijmeijer, S.M., Csikó, G. and van Miert, A.S. 1994. Tiamulin selectively inhibits oxidative hepatic steroid and drug metabolism in vitro in the pig. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 17, 317–322.
57. Witkamp, R.F., Nijmeijer, S.M., Monshouwer, M. and van Miert, A.S. 1995. The antibiotic tiamulin is a potent inducer and inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 3A via the formation of a stable metabolic intermediate complex. Studies in primary hepatocyte cultures and liver microsomes of the pig. Drug Metab. Dispos. 23, 542–547.
58. Witkamp, R.F., Nijmeijer, S.M. and van Miert, A.S. 1996. Cytochrome P-450 complex formation in rat liver by the antibiotic tiamulin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, 50–54.