Microwave-assisted wet torrefaction of microalgae under various acids for coproduction of biochar and sugar

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 253, Issue , 2020, Pages

  Gan, Yong Yang ^a,b   Ong, Hwai Chyuan ^a   Chen, Wei Hsin ^b,c,d   Sheen, Herng Kuang ^e   Chang, Jo Shu ^b,c   Chong, Cheng Tung ^f   Ling, Tau Chuan ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^b NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c TUNGHAI UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^d NATIONAL CHIN YI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Taiwan)

^e TAIWAN SUGAR CORPORATION   (Taiwan)

^f SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Bioethanol; Biomass thermochemical conversion; Hydrothermal carbonization; Microwave hydrolysis; Solid biofuel; Wet torrefaction

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; CALORIFIC VALUE; CARBOHYDRATES; CARBONIZATION; ETHANOL; MICROORGANISMS; PHOSPHORUS; SULFURIC ACID; TEMPERATURE; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION; MICROWAVE HYDROLYSIS; SOLID BIO-FUELS; THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; WET TORREFACTION;

BIOETHANOL;

ALGAE; CARBOHYDRATES; CARBONIZATION; ETHANOL; GRAVIMETRY; MICROORGANISMS; PHOSPHORUS; THERMAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 85077433459     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119944     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Acharya, B., Dutta, A., Minaret, J., Review on comparative study of dry and wet torrefaction. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 12:Suppl. C (2015), 26–37.
2. Bach, Q.-V., Chen, W.-H., Lin, S.-C., Sheen, H.-K., Chang, J.-S., Wet torrefaction of microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 with microwave-assisted heating. Energy Convers. Manag. 141:Suppl. C (2017), 163–170.
3. Bach, Q.-V., Skreiberg, Ø., Upgrading biomass fuels via wet torrefaction: a review and comparison with dry torrefaction. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 54:Suppl. C (2016), 665–677.
4. Bach, Q.-V., Tran, K.-Q., Khalil, R.A., Skreiberg, Ø., Seisenbaeva, G., Comparative assessment of wet torrefaction. Energy Fuels 27:11 (2013), 6743–6753.
5. Bach, Q.-V., Tran, K.-Q., Skreiberg, Ø., Combustion kinetics of wet-torrefied forest residues using the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). Appl. Energy 185 (2017), 1059–1066.
6. Boström, D., Skoglund, N., Grimm, A., Boman, C., Öhman, M., Broström, M., Backman, R., Ash transformation chemistry during combustion of biomass. Energy Fuels 26:1 (2012), 85–93.
7. Chaiwong, K., Kiatsiriroat, T., Vorayos, N., Thararax, C., Study of bio-oil and bio-char production from algae by slow pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 56 (2013), 600–606.
8. Chen, C.-Y., Yeh, K.-L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D.-J., Chang, J.-S., Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresour. Technol. 102:1 (2011), 71–81.
9. Chen, C.-Y., Zhao, X.-Q., Yen, H.-W., Ho, S.-H., Cheng, C.-L., Lee, D.-J., Bai, F.-W., Chang, J.-S., Microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochem. Eng. J. 78 (2013), 1–10.
10. Chen, W.-H., Cheng, C.-L., Show, P.-L., Ong, H.C., Torrefaction performance prediction approached by torrefaction severity factor. Fuel 251 (2019), 126–135.
11. Chen, W.-H., Chu, Y.-S., Liu, J.-L., Chang, J.-S., Thermal degradation of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in microalgae analyzed by evolutionary computation. Energy Convers. Manag. 160 (2018), 209–219.
12. Chen, W.-H., Huang, M.-Y., Chang, J.-S., Chen, C.-Y., Thermal decomposition dynamics and severity of microalgae residues in torrefaction. Bioresour. Technol. 169:Suppl. C (2014), 258–264.
13. Chen, W.-H., Huang, M.-Y., Chang, J.-S., Chen, C.-Y., Torrefaction operation and optimization of microalga residue for energy densification and utilization. Appl. Energy 154:Suppl. C (2015), 622–630.
14. Chen, W.-H., Lin, B.-J., Huang, M.-Y., Chang, J.-S., Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: a review. Bioresour. Technol. 184:Suppl. C (2015), 314–327.
15. Chen, W.-H., Lu, K.-M., Tsai, C.-M., An experimental analysis on property and structure variations of agricultural wastes undergoing torrefaction. Appl. Energy 100:Suppl. C (2012), 318–325.
16. Chen, W.-H., Tu, Y.-J., Sheen, H.-K., Disruption of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic structure by means of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment with microwave-assisted heating. Appl. Energy 88:8 (2011), 2726–2734.
17. Chen, W.-H., Wu, Z.-Y., Chang, J.-S., Isothermal and non-isothermal torrefaction characteristics and kinetics of microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N. Bioresour. Technol. 155:Suppl. C (2014), 245–251.
18. Chen, W.-H., Ye, S.-C., Sheen, H.-K., Hydrolysis characteristics of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by dilute acid solution in a microwave irradiation environment. Appl. Energy 93 (2012), 237–244.
19. Chen, W.-H., Ye, S.-C., Sheen, H.-K., Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse via wet torrefaction in association with microwave heating. Bioresour. Technol. 118:Suppl. C (2012), 195–203.
20. Chen, Y.-C., Chen, W.-H., Lin, B.-J., Chang, J.-S., Ong, H.C., Impact of torrefaction on the composition, structure and reactivity of a microalga residue. Appl. Energy 181:Suppl. C (2016), 110–119.
21. Chheda, J.N., Román-Leshkov, Y., Dumesic, J.A., Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural by dehydration of biomass-derived mono- and poly-saccharides. Green Chem. 9:4 (2007), 342–350.
22. Choi, S.-A., Choi, W.-I., Lee, J.-S., Kim, S.W., Lee, G.-A., Yun, J., Park, J.-Y., Hydrothermal acid treatment for sugar extraction from Golenkinia sp. Bioresour. Technol. 190 (2015), 408–411.
23. Demey, H., Melkior, T., Chatroux, A., Attar, K., Thiery, S., Miller, H., Grateau, M., Sastre, A.M., Marchand, M., Evaluation of torrefied poplar-biomass as a low-cost sorbent for lead and terbium removal from aqueous solutions and energy co-generation. Chem. Eng. J. 361 (2019), 839–852.
24. Demirbas, M.F., Biofuels from algae for sustainable development. Appl. Energy 88:10 (2011), 3473–3480.
25. Fabra, M.J., Martínez-Sanz, M., Gómez-Mascaraque, L.G., Gavara, R., López-Rubio, A., Structural and physicochemical characterization of thermoplastic corn starch films containing microalgae. Carbohydr. Polym. 186 (2018), 184–191.
26. Gai, C., Liu, Z., Han, G., Peng, N., Fan, A., Combustion behavior and kinetics of low-lipid microalgae via thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour. Technol. 181 (2015), 148–154.
27. Gan, Y.Y., Ong, H.C., Ling, T.C., Chen, W.-H., Chong, C.T., Torrefaction of de-oiled Jatropha seed kernel biomass for solid fuel production. Energy 170 (2019), 367–374.
28. Gan, Y.Y., Ong, H.C., Show, P.L., Ling, T.C., Chen, W.-H., Yu, K.L., Abdullah, R., Torrefaction of microalgal biochar as potential coal fuel and application as bio-adsorbent. Energy Convers. Manag. 165 (2018), 152–162.
29. Gao, P., Zhou, Y., Meng, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, W., Xue, G., Preparation and characterization of hydrochar from waste eucalyptus bark by hydrothermal carbonization. Energy 97:Suppl. C (2016), 238–245.
30. Goh, B.H.H., Ong, H.C., Cheah, M.Y., Chen, W.-H., Yu, K.L., Mahlia, T.M.I., Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: a critical review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 107 (2019), 59–74.
31. Huo, S., Wang, Z., Cui, F., Zou, B., Zhao, P., Yuan, Z., Enzyme-assisted extraction of oil from wet microalgae scenedesmus sp. G4. Energies, 8(8), 2015.
32. Jazrawi, C., Biller, P., He, Y., Montoya, A., Ross, A.B., Maschmeyer, T., Haynes, B.S., Two-stage hydrothermal liquefaction of a high-protein microalga. Algal Research 8 (2015), 15–22.
33. Jeong, T.S., Choi, C.H., Lee, J.Y., Oh, K.K., Behaviors of glucose decomposition during acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis of pretreated Gelidium amansii. Bioresour. Technol. 116 (2012), 435–440.
34. Kootstra, A.M.J., Beeftink, H.H., Scott, E.L., Sanders, J.P.M., Comparison of dilute mineral and organic acid pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. Biochem. Eng. J. 46:2 (2009), 126–131.
35. Kootstra, A.M.J., Beeftink, H.H., Scott, E.L., Sanders, J.P.M., Optimization of the dilute maleic acid pretreatment of wheat straw. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 2(1), 2009, 31.
36. Lee, X.J., Lee, L.Y., Gan, S., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S., Ng, H.K., Biochar potential evaluation of palm oil wastes through slow pyrolysis: thermochemical characterization and pyrolytic kinetic studies. Bioresour. Technol. 236 (2017), 155–163.
37. Li, M.-F., Shen, Y., Sun, J.-K., Bian, J., Chen, C.-Z., Sun, R.-C., Wet torrefaction of bamboo in hydrochloric acid solution by microwave heating. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 3:9 (2015), 2022–2029.
38. Lin, Y.-C., Shangdiar, S., Chen, S.-C., Chou, F.-C., Lin, Y.-C., Cho, C.-A., Microwave irradiation with dilute acid hydrolysis applied to enhance the saccharification rate of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Renew. Energy 125 (2018), 511–517.
39. Liu, H., Chen, Y., Yang, H., Gentili, F.G., Söderlind, U., Wang, X., Zhang, W., Chen, H., Hydrothermal carbonization of natural microalgae containing a high ash content. Fuel 249 (2019), 441–448.
40. Milano, J., Ong, H.C., Masjuki, H.H., Silitonga, A.S., Chen, W.-H., Kusumo, F., Dharma, S., Sebayang, A.H., Optimization of biodiesel production by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification for waste cooking oil-Calophyllum inophyllum oil via response surface methodology. Energy Convers. Manag. 158 (2018), 400–415.
41. Nagamori, M., Funazukuri, T., Glucose production by hydrolysis of starch under hydrothermal conditions. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 79:3 (2004), 229–233.
42. Nanda, S., Mohanty, P., Pant, K.K., Naik, S., Kozinski, J.A., Dalai, A.K., Characterization of North American lignocellulosic biomass and biochars in terms of their candidacy for alternate renewable fuels. Bioenergy Research 6:2 (2013), 663–677.
43. Ong, H.C., Chen, W.-H., Farooq, A., Gan, Y.Y., Lee, K.T., Ashokkumar, V., Catalytic thermochemical conversion of biomass for biofuel production: a comprehensive review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 113, 2019, 109266.
44. Patel, B., Hellgardt, K., Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste in a continuous flow reactor. Bioresour. Technol. 191 (2015), 460–468.
45. Phwan, C.K., Ong, H.C., Chen, W.-H., Ling, T.C., Ng, E.P., Show, P.L., Overview: comparison of pretreatment technologies and fermentation processes of bioethanol from microalgae. Energy Convers. Manag. 173 (2018), 81–94.
46. Raheem, A., Prinsen, P., Vuppaladadiyam, A.K., Zhao, M., Luque, R., A review on sustainable microalgae based biofuel and bioenergy production: recent developments. J. Clean. Prod. 181 (2018), 42–59.
47. Safar, M., Lin, B.-J., Chen, W.-H., Langauer, D., Chang, J.-S., Raclavska, H., Pétrissans, A., Rousset, P., Pétrissans, M., Catalytic effects of potassium on biomass pyrolysis, combustion and torrefaction. Appl. Energy 235 (2019), 346–355.
48. Safi, C., Zebib, B., Merah, O., Pontalier, P.-Y., Vaca-Garcia, C., Morphology, composition, production, processing and applications of Chlorella vulgaris: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 35 (2014), 265–278.
49. Shakya, R., Adhikari, S., Mahadevan, R., Shanmugam, S.R., Nam, H., Hassan, E.B., Dempster, T.A., Influence of biochemical composition during hydrothermal liquefaction of algae on product yields and fuel properties. Bioresour. Technol. 243 (2017), 1112–1120.
50. Silitonga, A.S., Masjuki, H.H., Ong, H.C., Sebayang, A.H., Dharma, S., Kusumo, F., Siswantoro, J., Milano, J., Daud, K., Mahlia, T.M.I., Chen, W.-H., Sugiyanto, B., Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine. Energy 159 (2018), 1075–1087.
51. Sindhu, R., Binod, P., Satyanagalakshmi, K., Janu, K.U., Sajna, K.V., Kurien, N., Sukumaran, R.K., Pandey, A., Formic acid as a potential pretreatment agent for the conversion of sugarcane bagasse to bioethanol. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 162:8 (2010), 2313–2323.
52. Sindhu, R., Kuttiraja, M., Binod, P., Janu, K.U., Sukumaran, R.K., Pandey, A., Dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane tops for bioethanol production. Bioresour. Technol. 102:23 (2011), 10915–10921.
53. Tan, Z., Lagerkvist, A., Phosphorus recovery from the biomass ash: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15:8 (2011), 3588–3602.
54. Teh, Y.Y., Lee, K.T., Chen, W.-H., Lin, S.-C., Sheen, H.-K., Tan, I.S., Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of red macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum with microwave-assisted heating for biochar production and sugar recovery. Bioresour. Technol. 246 (2017), 20–27.
55. Triyono, B., Prawisudha, P., Aziz, M., Mardiyati, Pasek, A.D., Yoshikawa, K., Utilization of mixed organic-plastic municipal solid waste as renewable solid fuel employing wet torrefaction. Waste Manag. 95 (2019), 1–9.
56. Wang, X., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Pattiya, A., Yang, H., Chen, H., Comparative study of wet and dry torrefaction of corn stalk and the effect on biomass pyrolysis polygeneration. Bioresour. Technol. 258 (2018), 88–97.
57. Wigley, T., Yip, A.C.K., Pang, S., The use of demineralisation and torrefaction to improve the properties of biomass intended as a feedstock for fast pyrolysis. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 113 (2015), 296–306.
58. Wilson, C.A., Novak, J.T., Hydrolysis of macromolecular components of primary and secondary wastewater sludge by thermal hydrolytic pretreatment. Water Res. 43:18 (2009), 4489–4498.
59. Wu, W., Lin, K.-H., Chang, J.-S., Economic and life-cycle greenhouse gas optimization of microalgae-to-biofuels chains. Bioresour. Technol. 267 (2018), 550–559.
60. Yan, W., Hastings, J.T., Acharjee, T.C., Coronella, C.J., Vásquez, V.R., Mass and energy balances of wet torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass. Energy Fuels 24:9 (2010), 4738–4742.
61. Yuan, Y., Macquarrie, D.J., Microwave assisted acid hydrolysis of Brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum for bioethanol production and characterization of alga residue. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 3:7 (2015), 1359–1365.
62. Zhang, C., Ho, S.-H., Chen, W.-H., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Chang, J.-S., Torrefaction performance and energy usage of biomass wastes and their correlations with torrefaction severity index. Appl. Energy 220 (2018), 598–604.
63. Zhang, D., Wang, F., Zhang, A., Yi, W., Li, Z., Shen, X., Effect of pretreatment on chemical characteristic and thermal degradation behavior of corn stalk digestate: comparison of dry and wet torrefaction. Bioresour. Technol. 275 (2019), 239–246.
64. Zhang, S., Chen, T., Xiong, Y., Dong, Q., Effects of wet torrefaction on the physicochemical properties and pyrolysis product properties of rice husk. Energy Convers. Manag. 141:Suppl. C (2017), 403–409.
65. Zhang, S., Su, Y., Xu, D., Zhu, S., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Effects of torrefaction and organic-acid leaching pretreatment on the pyrolysis behavior of rice husk. Energy 149 (2018), 804–813.