Goal management across adulthood and old age: The adaptive value of primary and secondary control

Handbook of Personality Development

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 399-421

  Wrosch, Carsten ^a   Heckhausen, Jutta ^b   Lachman, Margie E ^c  

^a Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85077253192     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315805610-29     Document Type: Chapter

References (81)

1. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. E, & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74
2. Baltes, E B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dy- namics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23, 611-626.
3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
4. Baumeister, R. F., & Scher, S. J. (1988). Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals: Review and analysis of common self-destructive strategies. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 3-22.
5. Berger, E L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. New York: Doubleday.
6. Blossfeld, H P. (1990). Changes in educational careers in the Federal Republic of Germany. Sociology of Education, 63, 165-177.
7. Brandtstadter, J., & Renner, G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5, 58-67.
8. Brandtstadter, J., Wentura, D., & Greve, W. (1993). Adaptive resources of the aging self: Outlines of an emergent perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 323-349
9. Braun, W., & Eroebsting, H. (1986). Heiratstafeln verwitweter Deutscher 1979/82 und geschiedener Deutscher 1980/83 [Marriage tables of divorced (1980/83) and widowed Germans (1979/82)]. Wirtschaft und Statistik, 107-112.
10. Brim, O. G., & Ryff, C. D. (1980). On the properties of life events. In E B. Baltes &O. G. Brim, Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 367-388). New York: Academic Press.
11. Brim, O. G., Ryff, C. D., & Kessler, R. (Eds.). (2004), How healthy are we? Anaticmal study ofwell-being at midlife. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Brockner, J. (1992). The escalation of commitment to a failing course of action: Toward theoretical progress. Academy of Management Review, 17, 39-61.
13. Brown, J. D., & Siegel, J. M. (1988). Attributions for negative life events and depression: The role of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 316-322.
14. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A con- trol-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
15. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
16. Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V, Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketchman, A. S., Moffat, F. L., & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 375-390.
17. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
18. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
19. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
20. Haase, C. (2003). Urgent goal striving in the transition from school to vocational education. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Jena, Germany.
21. Hagestad, G. O. (1990). Social perspectives on the life course. In R. Binstock &L. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (3rd. ed., pp. 151-168). New York: Academic Press.
22. Hagestad, G. O., & Neugarten, B. L. (1985). Age and the life course. In R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp. 35-61). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
23. Hamilton, S. F. (1990). Apprenticeship for adulthood. New York: The Free Press.
24. Hamilton, S. F. 1994, Employment prospects as motivation for school achievement: Links and gaps between school and work in seven countries. In R. K. Silbereisen & E. Todt (Eds.), Adolescence in context: The interplay of family, school, peers, and work in adjustment (pp. 267-303). New York: Springer.
25. Havighurst, R. J. (1967). Developmental tasks and education. New York: McKay.
26. Heckhausen, J. (1990). Erwerb und Funktion normativer Vorstellungen iiber den Lebenslauf: Ein entwicklungspsychologischer Beitrag zur sozio-psychischen Konstruktion von Biographien [Acquisition and function of normative conceptions about the life course: A developmental psychology approach to the socio-psychological construction of biographies]. Kõlner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 31, 351-373.
27. Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control of age-related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33, 176-187.
28. Heckhausen, J. (1999a). Developmental regulation in adulthood. New York: Cambridge University Press.
29. Heckhausen, J. (1999b). Entwicklungsregulation beim Ubergang von der schulischen in die berufliche Ausbildung oder gymnasiale Oberstufe: Anforderungsabhãngige Ver_nderungen im primãren und sekundãren Kontrollstreben [Developmental regulation in the transition from school-to-work or higher education: Changes in primary and secondary control striving as a function of developmental challenge]. Research proposal funded by the German Research Foundation. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
30. Heckhausen, J. (2000). Evolutionary perspectives on human motivation. In J. Heckhausen & E Boyer (Eds.), Evolutionary psychology: Potential and limits of a Darwinian framework for the behavioral sciences [Special Issue]. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 1015-1029.
31. Heckhausen, J. (2002a). Developmental regulation of life-course transitions: A control theory approach. In L. Pulkkinen & A. Caspi (Eds.), Paths to successful development: Personality in the life course (pp. 257-280). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
32. Heckhausen, J. (2002b). Transition from school-to-work: Societal opportunities and the potential for individual agency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 173-177.
33. Heckhausen, J. (2003a, May/June). The life-span theory of control as aparadigm to study illness and disability in old age. Paper presented at the UC/APA Conference on Health Psychology and Aging, Lake Arrowhead, Califórnia.
34. Heckhausen, J. (2003b). School-to-work transition in a multi-ethnic sample. Research proposal, University of Califórnia, Irvine.
35. Heckhausen, J., & Farruggia, S. P (2003). Developmental regulation across the life span: A control-theory approach and implications for secondary education. In: L. Smith & C. Rogers, & P Tomlinson (Eds.), Development and motivation: Joint perspectives. British Journal of Educational Psychology, Monograph Series II: Esychological Aspects of Education-Current Trends. Leicester: British Esychological Society.
36. Heckhausen, J., Haase, C., & Poulin, M. (2003, April). School-to-work transition in German adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Colloquium presentation, Department for Psychology and Social Behavior, University of Califórnia, Irvine.
37. Heckhausen, J., Nagy, G., Tomasik, M., Haase, C. M., & Kõller, O. (2002, June). Motivation and control in the transition from school to work. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans.
38. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1993). Optimization by selection and compensation: Balancing primary and secondary control in life-span development. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 287-303.
39. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 102, 284-304.
40. Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1999). The primacy of primary control is a human universal: A reply to Gould’s critique of the Life Span Theory of Control. Psychological Review, 106(3), 605-609.
41. Heckhausen, J., Schulz, R., & Wrosch, C. (1998). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Optimization in primary and secondary controla multiscale questionnaire. Technical Report, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin.
42. Heckhausen, J., & Tomasik, M. (2002). Get an apprenticeship before school is out: How German adolescents adjust vocational aspirations when getting close to a developmental deadline. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 199-219.
43. Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Fleeson, W. (2001). Developmental regulation before and after a developmental deadline: The sample case of “biological clock” for childbearing. Psychology and Aging, 16, 400-413.
44. Held, T. (1986). Institutionalization and deinstitutionalization of the life course. Human Development, 29, 157-162.
45. Hultsch, D. F., & Plemons, J. K. (1979). Life events and life-spandevelopment. In E B. Baltes & O. G. Brim, Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 1-37). New York: Academic Fress.
46. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1979). Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1798-1809.
47. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1982). Esteem and control bases of blame: “Adaptive” strategies for victims versus observers. Journal of Personality, 50, 180-192.
48. Kliegl, R., Smith, J., & Baltes, E B. (1989). Testing-the-limits and the study of age differences in cognitive plasticity of a mnemonic skill. Developmental Psychology, 25, 247-256.
49. Kuhl, J. (1983). Motivation, Konflikt und Handlungskontrolle [Motivation, conflict, and action control]. Berlin: Springer.
50. Lachman, M. E., & Firth, K. E (2004). The adaptive value of feeling in control during midlife. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 320-349). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Lachman, M. E., & Weaver, S. L. (1998). Sociodemographic variations in the sense of control by domain: Findings from the MacArthur Studies of Midlife. Psychology and Aging, 13, 553-562.
52. Lachman, M. E., Ziff, M. A., & Spiro, A. (1994). Maintaining a sense of control in later life. In R. Abeles, H. Gift, & M. Ory (Eds.), Aging and quality of life (pp. 116-132). New York: Sage.
53. Lerner, R. M., & Busch-Rossnagel, A. (Eds.). (1981). Individuals as producers of their development: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press.
54. Nesse, R. M. (2000). Is depression an adaptation? Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 14-20.
55. Neugarten, B. L. (1969). Time, age, and the life cycle. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 887-894.
56. Neugarten, B. L., Moore J. W., & Lowe, J. C. (1968). Age norms, age constraints, and adult socialization. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging (pp. 22-28). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
57. Peng, Y. (1993). Primary and secondary control in American and Chinese American adults: Cross-cul-tural and life-span developmental perspectives. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
58. Pinquart, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2002, November). Cancer patients control strategies: Associations with age, course of therapy, and subjective well-being. Paper presented at the 55th annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Boston.
59. Plath, D. W., & Ikeda, K. (1975). After coming of age: Adult awareness of age norms. In T. R. Williams (Ed.), Socialization and communication in primary groups (pp. 107-123). The Hague: Mouton.
60. Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two -process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 537.
61. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.
62. Schulz, R., & Heckhausen J. (1996). A life span model of successful aging. American Psychologist, 51, 702-714.
63. Schulz, R., & Rau, M. T. (1985). Social support through the life course. In S. Cohen & L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 129-149). New York: Academic Press.
64. Settersten, R. A., & Hagestad, G. O. (1996a). What’s the latest? Cultural age deadlines for family transitions. The Gerontologist, 36, 178-188.
65. Settersten, R. A., & Hagestad, G. O. (1996b). What’s the latest? II. Cultural age deadlines for educational and work transitions. The Gerontologist, 36, 602-613.
66. Skinner, E. A. (1996). Aguide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 549-570.
67. Sørensen, A. (1990). Unterschiede im Lebenslauf von Frauen und Mãnnern [Differences in life-course patterns of male and female]. Kólner Zeitschrift fiir Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Sonderheft 31, 304-321.
68. Udry, J. R. (1982). The effect of normative pressure on fertility. Population and Environment, 5, 1-18.
69. Vitaliano, P P, DeWolfe, D. J., Maiuro, R. D., Russo, J., & Katon, W. (1990). Appraised changeability of a stressor as a modifier on the relationship between coping and depression. A test of the hypothesis of fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 582-592.
70. Williamson, G. M., Shaffer, D. R., & Parmelee, P A. (Eds.). (2000). Physical illness and depression in older adults: A handbook of theory, research, and practice. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
71. Wrosch, C., & Freund, A. M. (2001). Self-regulation of normative and non-normative developmental challenges. Human Development, 44, 264-283.
72. Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (1999). Control processes before and after passing a developmental deadline: Activation and deactivation of intimate relationship goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 415-427.
73. Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Perceived control of life regrets: Good for young and bad for old adults. Psychology and Aging, 17, 340-350.
74. Wrosch, C., & Heckhausen, J. (2005). Being on-time or off-time: Developmental deadlines for regulating one’s own development. In A. N. Perret-Clermont, J. M. Barrelet, A. Flammer, D. Miéville, J. F. Perret, & W. Perrig (Eds.), Thinking time: A multidisciplinary perspective (pp. 110-123). Gõttingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
75. Wrosch, C., Heckhausen, J., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Primary and secondary control strategies for managing health and financial stress across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 15, 387-399.
76. Wrosch, C., & Scheier, M. F. (2003). Personality and quality of life: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Quality of Life Research, 12, 59-72.
77. Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Schulz, R. (2003). The importance ofgoal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: When giving up is beneficial. Self and Identity, 2, 1-20.
78. Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal re-engagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1494-1508.
79. Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: The importance of health engagement control strategies. Health Psychology, 21, 340-349.
80. Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2004), Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: A control-process approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 17-20.
81. Zepelin, H. R., Sills, A., & Heath, M. W. (1986-87). Is age becoming irrelevant? An exploratory study of perceived age norms. Journal of Aging and Human Development, 24, 241-256.