Britain's new towns: Garden cities to sustainable communities

Britain's New Towns: Garden Cities to Sustainable Communities

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-186

  Alexander, Anthony ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85076277668     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203875650     Document Type: Book

References (106)

1. Abercrombie, P. (1944) Greater London Regional Plan, Standing Conference on London Regional Planning, Ministry of Town and Country Planning.
2. Abercrombie, P. and Forshaw, J.H. (1943) County of London Plan, London County Council.
3. Aldridge, Meryl (1979) The British New Towns: A Programme without a Policy, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, Henley-on-Thames.
4. APA (2004) American Planning Association, Individuals Who Influenced Planning Before 1978, www.planning.org/25anniversary/influentials.htm (last accessed 30 September 2008).
5. BBC (2007) Redeveloping Essex’s Fallen Utopia, David Sillito, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6264579.stm.
6. BBC (2007a) Liz Leyh interviewed on The Reunion, broadcast Sunday 22 April 2007 11:15-12:00, Radio 4 FM. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/thereunion/pip/z2ika/
7. Beevers, Robert et al. (1991) Garden Cities and New Towns: Five Lectures, Hertfordshire County Council.
8. Bishop, Jeff (1986) Milton Keynes: The Best of Both Worlds: Public and Professional Views of a New City, Bristol School for Advanced Urban Studies, Occasional Paper 24, 1986.
9. Booth, Phillip (2006) Towards a Liberal Utopia? Continuum International.
10. Boyd Whyte, Iain (ed.) (2003) Modernism and the Spirit of the City, Routledge, Abingdon.Building Design (2007a) ‘Unhappy customers’, 30 May.
11. BRANCH (2007) Planning for biodiversity as climate changes, Natural England, www.branchproject.org.uk.
12. Building Design (2007a) ‘Unhappy customers’, 30 May. www.bdonline. co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=3084063 (last accessed 23 October 2008).
13. Building Design (2007b) ‘Defending suburbia, interview with Milton Keynes chief architect Derek Walker’, 6 August. http://www. bdonline.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=577&storycode=3092887 (last accessed 23 October 2008).
14. Building Design (2007c) ‘Never say Nether again’, 31 July. http://www. bdonline.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=427&storycode=3092493 (last accessed 23 October 2008).
15. Building Design (2007d) ‘Debate: Should Milton Keynes go high density’, 7 August, www.bdonline.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=3093026 (last accessed 23 October 2008).
16. Building Design (2008) ‘Demolition threat to Harlow’s Bishopfield estate’, 2 May, www.bdonline.co.uk/ story.asp?storyCode=3112748 (last accessed 23 October 2008).
17. Bullock, Nicholas (2002) Building the Post-war World: Modern Architecture and Reconstruction in Britain. Routledge, London.
18. Buchanan, Colin (1963) Traffic in Towns, Ministry of Transport, London.
19. Carr, Bob (1995) ‘Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society’, newsletter, August.
20. Carruthers, Judith (ed.) (1996) Brave New World: Early Memories of Stevenage New Town, Stevenage Museum, Stevenage Borough Council, Herts.
21. Clare, John (2008) History of Newton Aycliffe, http://greataycliffe. sedgefield.gov.uk/ccm/greataycliffe/history/town-history.en (last accessed 23 October 2008).
22. CLG (2003) The Sustainable Communities Plan, definition, www. communities.gov.uk/archived/general-content/communities/whatis (last accessed 22 October 2008).
23. CLG (2006) Transferable Lessons from the New Towns, www. communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/151717.pdf.
24. Clapson, M. (1998) Invincible Green Suburbs, Brave New Towns, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
25. Clarke, C.J. (2006) ‘Basildon: mood of a nation’, British Journal of Photography, no 7564.
26. Clarke, C.J. (2008) interview with the author, 21 July.
27. Commission for the New Towns (1997) Annual Report 1996–97.
28. Cowley, Jason (2002) ‘Downtown’, Guardian, 1 August, www.guardian. co.uk/society/2002/aug/01/urbandesign.architecture (last accessed 22 October 2008).
29. Cullingworth, J.B. (1979) Environmental Planning 1939-69 Vol. 3: New Towns Policy, Stationery Office Books, London.
30. Darling, Elizabeth (2006) Reforming Britain: Narratives of Modernity Before Reconstruction, Routledge, Abingdon.
31. DETR (1999) Towards and Urban Renaissance, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London.
32. DETR and CABE (2000) By Design, Urban Design in the planning system: towards better practice, Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions and the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, London.
33. Devine, David (2008) curator at the Museum of Harlow, interview with the author, 26 February.
34. Downie, Leonard (1972a) ‘The Disappointing New Towns of Great Britain’, Washington Post, 1 November. Supported by the Alicia Patterson foundation and available online at www.aliciapatterson. org/APF001971/Downie/Downie.html (last accessed 7 October 2008).
35. Downie, Leonard (1972b) ‘The Urban Order of the North’, Washington Post, June. Supported by the Alicia Patterson foundation and available online at www.aliciapatterson.org/APF001971/Downie/ Downie10/Downie10.html (last accessed 7 October 2008).
36. Edwards, M. (2001) ‘City design: what went wrong in Milton Keynes?’ Journal of Urban Design, vol. 6, no. 1, 87–96.
37. Elwall, Robert (1999) Building a Better Tomorrow: Architecture in Britain in the 1950s, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
38. EP (2000) The Urban Design Compendium, English Partnerships, London.
39. Franklin, John (1999) ‘Two decades of the Redway cycle paths in Milton Keynes’, Traffic Engineering and Control, July/August.
40. Gallagher, Dominic (2001) From Here to Modernity, Open University, Milton Keynes, www.open2.net/modernity/3_10.htm (last accessed 11 June 2008).
41. Gardiner, Joey (2004) The New Towns: Special Report, Regeneration and Renewal, 29 October.
42. Gatti, R.F. (2008) Radburn: The Town for the Motor Age, www.radburn.org/geninfo/history.html (last accessed 17 March 2008).
43. Gibberd, F. et al. (1980) Harlow: The Story of a New Town, Publications for Companies, Stevenage, Herts.
44. Girardet, Herbert (2004) Cities People Planet, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
45. Guardian (2007) ‘Brave New World by Jonathan Glancey’, Guardian, Saturday 11 February.
46. Hall, Peter (2008) ‘Nightmare estates had idyllic origins’, Regeneration and Renewal Magazine, 11 January.
47. Hall, Peter and Ward, Colin (2000) Sociable Cities: the Legacy of Ebenezer Howard, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
48. Hardy, Dennis (1991a) From Garden Cities to New Towns, Routledge, Abingdon.
49. Hardy, Dennis (1991b) From New Towns to Green Politics, Routledge, Abingdon.
50. Harlow (2005) Homes for Harlow: Harlow’s Housing Strategy 2004–2007, Harlow Council, www.harlow.gov.uk/docs/housingstrat2004-05b.doc (last accessed on 28 October 2008).
51. Harwood, Elain (2000) ‘Post-War landscape and public housing’, Garden History, vol. 28, no. 1, 102–116.
52. Hayes, Dennis and Hudson, Alan (2001a) Basildon, Mood of a Nation, Demos, London.
53. Hayes, Dennis and Hudson, Alan (2001b) Basildon Man: Beyond the shellsuits, 5 April, www.spiked-online.com/Articles/000000005552.htm (last accessed 10 October 2008).
54. Hennesey, Peter (1992) Never Again: Britain 1945–51, Jonathan Cape, London.
55. Hill, Marion (ed.) (2007) The Story of the Original CMK, Living Archive, Milton Keynes.
56. House of Commons (2002a) The New Towns: Their Problems and Future, DETR Select Committee, www.parliament.the-stationeryoffice.co.uk/pa/cm200102/cmselect/cmtlgr/603/60304.htm (last accessed 1 October 2008).
57. House of Commons (2002b) The New Towns: Their Problems and Future, DETR Select Committee, Memorandum by City of Sunderland (NT 21) www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/ cmselect/cmtlgr/603/603m25.htm (last accessed 1 October 2008).
58. Howard, Ebeneezer (2003) To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (with commentary by Peter Hall, Dennis Hardy and Colin Ward), Routledge, Abingdon.
59. Jacobs, Jane (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House and Vintage Books, New York.
60. Jefferies, Julie (2005) Focus on People and Migration, Office of National Statistics, London.
61. Kaplan, Rachel, Kaplan, Stephen and Ryan, Richard (1998) With People In Mind, Island Press, Washington DC.
62. Kynaston, David (2007) Austerity Britain, 1945–51, Bloomsbury, London.
63. Liscombe, Rhodri Windsor (2003) ‘“Cities more fair to become the dwelling place of Thy children”: transcendent Modernity in British reconstruction’, in Boyd Whyte, Iain (ed.) Modernism and the Spirit of the City, Routledge, Abingdon.
64. Matthews, Nick (2008) interview with the author, 2 September.
65. MKDC (1980) Central Milton Keynes advertising campaign (uploaded onto youtube.com).
66. Mornement, Adam (2005) No Longer Notorious: The Revival of Castle Vale, 1993–2005, HAT Media, UK, www.cvhat.org.uk/media.html (last accessed 30 September 2008).
67. NEF (2005) Clone Town Britain, New Economics Foundation, London, www.neweconomics.org/gen/news_clonetownbritainresults.aspx (last accessed 23 October 2008).
68. NLP (2008) Development of Options for the West Midlands RSS in Response to the NHPAU Report, Nathaniel Lichfield and Partners, www.nlpplanning.com/wmrsshousingoptions/ (last accessed 6 February 2009).
69. Northern Echo (2004) Aycliffe Angels, www.aycliffeangels.org.uk (last accessed 25 September 2008).
70. ODPM (2002) Government’s Response to the Transport, Local Government and the Regions Committee Report: ‘The New Towns: Their Problems and Future’.
71. ODPM (2003) Sustainable Communities Plan, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London.
72. ODPM (2006) Transferable Lessons from the New Towns, Department of Planning Oxford Brookes University, July 2006, Department for Communities and Local Government: London. www.communities. gov.uk/publications/housing/transferablelessons (executive summary) and www.communities.gov.uk/publications/ housing/ transferable lessons2 (full report) (last accessed 10 February 2009).
73. Onslow, J. et al. (1990) Garden Cities and New Towns, Hertfordshire Publications.
74. Osborn, Frederick. J. and Whittick, Arnold (1977) New Towns: Their Origins, Achievements and Progress, 3rd edition, Routledge, Abingdon.
75. Owens, Bill (1999) Suburbia, Fotofolio, New York. First published 1973.
76. Parker, Selwyn (2008) The Great Crash: How the Stock Market Crash of 1929 Plunged the World into Depression, Piatkus, London.
77. Peterborough (2004) Sustainable Travel Town study, www.peterborough. gov.uk/page-586.
78. Phippen, Peter (2008) PRP architects, interview with the author, 1 September 2008.
79. Plymouth (2005) Plymouth Rapid Urban Characterisation Study 2005, www.plymouth.gov.uk/urban_characterisation (last accessed 1 October 2008).
80. PRP (2007) Place and Home: The Search for Better Housing, Black Dog Publishing, London.
81. Power, Anne (1987) Property Before People, Allen & Unwin, London.
82. Purpose (1955) Purpose magazine, issue 1, Stevenage Development Corporation.
83. Ravetz, Alison (2001) Council Housing and Culture: The History of a Social Experiment, Routledge, Abingdon.
84. Reith (1946) ‘Interim report of the New Towns Committee (Lord Reith)’, Final Report, Cmnd 6794, HMSO, London.
85. Rowthorn and Wayne (1988) Northern Ireland: The Political Economy of Conflict, Polity Press, Cambridge.
86. Risky Buildings (2008) www.riskybuildings.org.uk/docs/23pasmore/ index.html (last accessed 19 March 2008).
87. Schofield, Will (2008) housing manager, Transforming Telford, interview with the author, 15 March.
88. Stevenage (2005a) Interview with Ray Gorbing, conducted 16 January 1987 by Eric Grierson for the Stevenage Oral Project, Stevenage Museum, Herts.
89. Stevenage (2005b) Interview with Mary Tabor, conducted 6 December 1985 by Elizabeth Davis for the Stevenage Oral Project, Stevenage Museum, Herts.
90. Stevenage (2005c) Interview with Michael Cotter, Stevenage Oral Project, Stevenage Museum, Herts, www.stevenage.gov.uk/leisureand culture/museum/stevenagevoices (last accessed 3 October 2008).
91. Stevenage (2007a) Interview with Leonard Vincent OBE, conducted 20 November 1986 by Eric Grierson for the Stevenage Oral Project, Stevenage Museum, Herts.
92. Stevenage (2007b) Interview with Jack Franklin, Stevenage Oral Project, Stevenage Museum, Herts, www.stevenage.gov.uk/leisureand culture/museum/stevenagevoices (last accessed 3 October 2008).
93. TCPA (2007) Best Practice in New Settlements and Urban Extensions, TCPA, London, www.tcpa.org.uk/downloads/20070606-NSUE.pdf (last accessed 23 October 2008).
94. Telegraph (2002) ‘Cumbernauld, radiant city or carbuncle?’ 31 August.
95. TEST (1991) Changed Travel – Better World? A Study of Travel Patterns in Milton Keynes and Almere, TEST, London.
96. Town and Country Planning Journal (1967a) January, The New Towns special issue.
97. Town and Country Planning Journal (1967b) February, The Expanded Towns.
98. Turner, M. et al. (1987) Little Palaces: The suburban house in North London, 1919-1939.
99. Walker, John (2007) Former Chief Executive, Commission for the New Towns, speaking at TCPA Eco-towns conference, Regent’s College Conference Centre, London, 14 December.
100. Ward, Colin (1993) New Town, Home Town: The Lessons of Experience, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, London.
101. Webber, M. (1963) ‘Order in diversity: community without propinquity’, in, London, W. (ed.) Cities and Space, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, pp. 25–54.
102. Webber, M. (1974) ‘Permissive planning’, Working paper 18, Centre for Environmental Studies, London.
103. Welch, Adrian (2007) Glasgow Architecture website, www.glasgow architecture.co.uk/cumbernauld_centre.htm (last accessed 7 October 2008).
104. Whittick, Arnold (1987) FJO: Practical Idealist; A Biography of Sir Frederic Osborn, Town & Country Planning Association, London.
105. Williams, R.J. (2004) Anxious City, Routledge, Abingdon.
106. Wright, Jon (2008) Campaign Director, Twentieth Century Society, interview with the author, 8 August.