I want my voice to be heard: IP over Voice-over-IP for unobservable censorship circumvention

20th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2013

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages

  Houmansadr, Amir ^a   Riedl, Thomas ^b   Borisov, Nikita ^b   Singer, Andrew ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Circumvention; Internet Censorship; VoIP

Indexed keywords

CRYPTOGRAPHY; INTERNET PROTOCOLS; INTERNET TELEPHONY;

CIRCUMVENTION; COMMUNICATION PATTERN; INTERNET CENSORSHIP; OPEN COMMUNICATION; RECENT RESEARCHES; UNOBSERVABILITY; UNOBSERVABLE; VOICE OVER IP; VOIP; VOIP CONNECTIONS;

VOICE/DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

EID: 85076220979     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (69)

1. “Arab spring: an interactive timeline of Middle East protests, ” http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline.
2. “Defeat Internet Censorship: Overview of Advanced Technologies and Products, ” http://www.internetfreedom.org/archive/Defeat_Internet_Censorship_White_Paper.pdf, Nov. 2007.
3. ∼chiangm/anticensorship.pdf, 2010.
4. “Iran: Blogger died as a result of'shock', ” http://times247.com/articles/iran-blogger-died-as-a-result-of-shock, Nov. 2012.
5. N. Feamster, M. Balazinska, G. Harfst, H. Balakrishnan, and D. Karger, “Infranet: Circumventing Web Censorship and Surveillance, ” in 11th USENIX Security Symposium, 2002, pp. 247-262.
6. “DynaWeb, ” http://www.dongtaiwang.com/home_en.php.
7. S. Burnett, N. Feamster, and S. Vempala, “Chipping Away at Censorship Firewalls with User-Generated Content, ” in USENIX Security Symposium, 2010, pp. 463-468.
8. R. Dingledine, N. Mathewson, and P. Syverson, “Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router, ” in USENIX Security Symposium, 2004.
9. J. Boyan, “The Anonymizer: Protecting User Privacy on the Web, ” Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, vol. 4, no. 9, Sep. 1997.
10. E. Wustrow, S. Wolchok, I. Goldberg, and J. A. Halderman, “Telex: Anticensorship in the Network Infrastructure, ” in 20th Usenix Security Symposium, 2011.
11. A. Houmansadr, G. T. K. Nguyen, M. Caesar, and N. Borisov, “Cirripede: Circumvention Infrastructure using Router Redirection with Plausible Deniability Categories and Subject Descriptors, ” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2011.
12. P. Winter and S. Lindskog, “How China Is Blocking Tor, ” http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0447, Tech. Rep. Arxiv preprint, arXiv:1204.0447, 2012.
13. “Italy Censors Proxy That Bypasses BTjunkie and Pirate Bay Block.” http://torrentfreak.com/italy-censors-proxy-thatbypasses-btjunkie-and-pirate-bay-block-110716.
14. “Tor partially blocked in China, ” https://blog.torproject.org/blog/tor-partially-blocked-china, Sep. 2007.
15. R. Dingledine and N. Mathewson, “Design of a blocking-resistant anonymity system, ” The Tor Project, Tech. Rep., Nov. 2006.
16. D. McCoy, J. A. Morales, and K. Levchenko, “Proximax: A Measurement Based System for Proxies Dissemination, ” in Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 2011.
17. J. McLachlan and N. Hopper, “On the risks of serving whenever you surf: vulnerabilities in Tor's blocking resistance design, ” in the 8th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society, 2009.
18. N. Feamster, M. Balazinska, W. Wang, H. Balakrishnan, and D. Karger, “Thwarting Web Censorship with Untrusted Messenger Discovery, ” in the 3rd International Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2003.
19. M. Mahdian, “Fighting Censorship with Algorithms, ” in Fun with Algorithms, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Boldi and L. Gargano, Eds. Springer, 2010, vol. 6099, pp. 296-306.
20. Y. Sovran, A. Libonati, and J. Li, “Pass it on: Social networks stymie censors, ” in the 7th International Conference on Peer-to-peer Systems, Feb. 2008.
21. “Ultrasurf, ” http://www.ultrareach.com.
22. “Psiphon, ” http://psiphon.ca/.
23. J. Appelbaum, “Technical analysis of the Ultrasurf proxying software, ” https://media.torproject.org/misc/2012-04-16-ultrasurf-analysis.pdf, The Tor Project, Tech. Rep., 2012.
24. J. Appelbaum and N. Mathewson, “Pluggable transports for circumvention, ” https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/blob/HEAD:/proposals/180-pluggable-transport.txt.
25. N. Mathewson, “A simple obfuscating proxy, ” https://www.torproject.org/projects/obfsproxy.html.en.
26. ∼sjm217/papers/tor12pluggableroadmap.pdf.
27. Z. Weinberg, J. Wang, V. Yegneswaran, L. Briesemeister, S. Cheung, F. Wang, and D. Boneh, “StegoTorus: A Camouflage Proxy for the Tor Anonymity System, ” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2012.
28. H. M. Moghaddam, B. Li, M. Derakhshani, and I. Goldberg, “SkypeMorph: Protocol Obfuscation for Tor Bridges, ” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2012.
29. T. Wilde, “Knock Knock Knockin on Bridges Doors, ” https://blog.torproject.org/blog/knock-knock-knockin-bridges-doors, 2012.
30. “Ten ways to discover Tor bridges, ” https://blog.torproject.org/blog/research-problems-ten-ways-discover-tor-bridges.
31. Q. Wang, X. Gong, G. T. K. Nguyen, A. Houmansadr, and N. Borisov, “CensorSpoofer: Asymmetric Communication with IP Spoofing for Censorship-ResistantWeb Browsing, ” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2012.
32. M. Schuchard, J. Geddes, C. Thompson, and N. Hopper, “Routing Around Decoys, ” in ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2012.
33. S. Baset and H. Schulzrinne, “Skype relay calls: Measurements and Experiments, ” in IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2008.
34. S. A. Baset and H. G. Schulzrinne, “An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol, ” in the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2006, pp. 1-11.
35. S. Guha, N. Daswani, and R. Jain, “An Experimental Study of the Skype Peer-to-Peer VoIP System, ” in the 5th International workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems, 2006.
36. “VoIP growing statistics, ” http://www.sipnology.com/company/20-voip-growing-statistics.
37. “VoIP Penetration Forecast to Reach 79% of US Businesses by 2013, ” http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/voip-penetration-forecast-reach-79-us-businesses-2013, 2010.
38. “The Importance of VoIP, ” http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Importance-of-VoIP&id=4278231.
39. R. Koetter, A. C. Singer, and M. Tchler, “Turbo Equalization, ” IEEE Signal Processing Mag, vol. 21, pp. 67-80, 2004.
40. A. Banerjee, D. J. Costello, Jr., T. E. Fuja, and P. C. Massey, “Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation Using Multiple Turbo Codes, ” in IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2002, p. 443.
41. C. Jones, “The Importance Of VoIP And A Business Continuity Plan For Business Survival, ” http://www.tech2date.com/the-importance-of-voip-and-abusiness-continuity-plan-for-business-survival.html, 2011.
42. R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1, ” RFC 2616, Jun. 1999.
43. M. Leech, M. Ganis, Y. Lee, R. Kuris, D. Koblas, and L. Jones, “RFC 1928: SOCKS Protocol Version 5, ” Apr. 1996.
44. “Skype grows FY revenues 20%, reaches 663 mln users, ” http://www.telecompaper.com/news/skype-grows-fy-revenues-20-reaches-663-mln-users, 2011.
45. H. Xie and Y. R. Yang, “A Measurement-based Study of the Skype Peer-to-Peer VoIP Performance, ” in 6th International workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems, 2007.
46. J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, G. Camarillo, A. Johanston, J. Peterson, R. Sparks, M. Handley, and E. Schooler, “RFC 3261: SIP Session Initiation Protocol, ” Jun. 2002.
47. H. Schulzrinne, S. L. Casner, R. Frederick, and V. Jacobson, “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications, ” Internet RFC 3550, Jul. 2003.
48. M. Baugher, E. Carrara, D. A. McGrew, M. Naslund, and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), ” Internet RFC 3711, Mar. 2004.
49. J. Hautakorpi, G. Camarillo, R. Penfield, A. Hawrylyshen, and M. Bhatia, “Requirements from Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Border Control (SBC) Deployments, ” Internet RFC 5853, Apr. 2010.
50. “How to Configure SIP and NAT, ” http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/9399.
51. J. Karlin, D. Ellard, A. W. Jackson, C. E. Jones, G. Lauer, D. P. Mankins, and W. T. Strayer, “Decoy Routing: Toward Unblockable Internet Communication, ” in 1st USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet (FOCI), 2011.
52. M. Steiner, G. Tsudik, and M. Waidner, “Diffie-Hellman Key Distribution Extended to Groups, ” in the 3rd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, Mar. 1996, pp. 31-37.
53. “VoIP codecs, ” http://www.en.voipforo.com/codec/codecs. php.
54. “Google talk call signaling, ” https://developers.google.com/talk/call_signaling#Supported_Media_Types.
55. S. Jensen, K. Vos, and K. Soerensen, “SILK speech codec, ” Working Draft, IETF Secretariat, Fremont, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. draft-vos-silk-02.txt, Sep. 2010.
56. D. Adami, C. Callegari, and S. Giordano, “A Real-Time Algorithm for Skype Traffic Detection and Classification, ” in the 9th International Conference on Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, 2009.
57. “Tor BridgeDB, ” https://gitweb.torproject.org/bridgedb.git/tree.
58. I. Cooper and J. Dilley, “Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems, ” Internet RFC 3143, Jun. 2001.
59. I. Clarke, T. W. Hong, S. G. Miller, O. Sandberg, and B. Wiley, “Protecting Free Expression Online with Freenet, ” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 40-49, 2002.
60. D. Fifield, N. Hardison, J. Ellithrope, E. Stark, R. Dingledine, D. Boneh, and P. Porras, “Evading Censorship with Browser-Based Proxies, ” in Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS), 2012.
61. C. V. Wright, S. E. Coull, and F. Monrose, “Traffic Morphing: An Efficient Defense Against Statistical Traffic Analysis, ” in Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. The Internet Society, Feb. 2009.
62. W. Mazurczyk, P. Szaga, and K. Szczypiorski, “Using Transcoding for Hidden Communication in IP Telephony, ” Arxiv preprint, arXiv:1111.1250, Tech. Rep., 2011.
63. A. White, A. Matthews, K. Snow, and F. Monrose, “Phonotactic reconstruction of encrypted VoIP conversations: Hookt on fon-iks, ” in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2011, pp. 3-18.
64. J. Knockel, J. R. Crandall, and J. Saia, “Three Researchers, Five Conjectures: An Empirical Analysis of TOM-Skype Censorship and Surveillance, ” in the 1st USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011.
65. “Dynamic Internet Technology Inc. Alleges Skype Redirects Users in China to Censorware Version-Ten Days After Users Are Able To Download Freegate Software Through Skype, ” http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070924006377/en/Dynamic-Internet-Technology-Alleges-Skype-Redirects-Users, 2007.
66. “Surveillance of Skype messages found in China, ” International Herald Tribune, Tech. Rep., 2008.
67. T. Claburn, “Skype Defends VoIP IM Monitoring In China, ” http://www.informationweek.com/news/210605439, 2008.
68. “Skype says texts are censored by China, ” http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/875630d4-cef9-11da-925d-0000779e2340. html#axzz1tpnzbzkm, Mar. 2009.
69. N. Borisov, “Computational puzzles as sybil defenses, ” in IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, 2006, pp. 171-176.