Lead dietary exposure in the European population

EFSA Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2012, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

dietary exposure; food; Lead; occurrence

Indexed keywords

EID: 85074750462     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2831     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Alderman G and Stranks MH, 1967. The iodine content of bulk herd milk in summer in relation to estimated dietary iodine intake of cows. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 18, 151–153.
2. Alexander FW, Clayton BE and Delves HT, 1974. Mineral and trace-metal balances in children receiving normal and synthetic diets. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 43, 89–111.
3. ATDSR (United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), 2007. Toxicological profile for lead. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 1–582.
4. EC (Commission of the European Communities), 1992. Toxicity of lead and cadmium in ceramics. Opinion expressed on 7 December, 1989. Twenty-sixth series report of the Scientific Committee for Food, Luxembourg.
5. ENHIS (European Environment and Health Information System), 2009. Levels of lead in children's blood. Fact Sheet 4.5. Available at: www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/97050/4.5.-Levels-of-lead-in-childrens-blood-EDITING;_layouted.pdf
6. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2007. Opinion related to Uncertainties in Dietary Exposure Assessment. EFSA Journal, 5(1):438. [54pp.].
7. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010a. Scientific opinion on lead in food. EFSA Journal, 8(4):1570 [147 pp.].
8. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010b. Standard sample description for food and feed. EFSA Journal, 8(1):1457 [54 pp.]. Specified in attached spreadsheet tab FOODEX found at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/datexdata/docs/StandardSampleDescription.xls.
9. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2011a. Evaluation of the FoodEx, the food classification system applied to the development of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. EFSA Journal, 9(3):1970. [27 pp.]
10. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2011b. Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in exposure assessment. EFSA Journal 9(3):2097 [34pp.].
11. Heard MJ and Chamberlain AC, 1982. Effect of minerals and food on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Human Toxicology, 1, 411–415.
12. Huybrechts I, Sioen I, Boon PE, Ruprich J, Lafay L, Turrini A, Amiano P, Hirvonen T, De Neve M, Arcella D, Moschandreas J, Westerlund A, Ribas-Barba; L, Hilbig A, Papoutsou S, Christensen T, Oltarzewski M, Virtanen S, Rehurkova I, Azpiri M, Sette S, Kersting M, Walkiewicz A, Serra-Majem; L, Volatier JL, Trolle E, Tornaritis M, Busk L, Kafatos A, Fabiansson S, De Henauw S, Van Klaveren J. 2011. Dietary Exposure Assessments for Children in Europe (the EXPOCHI project): rationale, methods and design. Archives of Public Health, 69:4.
13. James HM, Hilburn ME and Blair JA, 1985. Effects of meals and meal times on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Human Toxicology, 4, 401–407.
14. Hursh JB and Mercer TT, 1970. Measurement of Pb-212 loss rate from human lungs. Journal of Applied Physiology, 28, 268.
15. Hursh JB, Schraub A, Sattler EL and Hofmann HP, 1969. Fate of 212Pb inhaled by human subjects. Health Physics, 16, 257–267.
16. IARC, 2006. Inorganic and organic lead compounds. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human, vol. 87, pp. 519.
17. Koyashiki GAK, Paoliello MMB and Tchounwou PB, 2010. Lead levels in human milk and children's health risk: A systematic review. Reviews on Environmental Health, 25(3), 243–253.
18. Morrow PE, Beiter H, Amato F and Gibb FR, 1980. Pulmonary retention of lead: an experimental study in man. Environmental Research, 21, 373–384.
19. Rabinowitz MB, Kopple JD and Wetherill GW, 1980. Effect of food intake and fasting on gastrointestinal lead absorption in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 1784–1788.
20. Rabinowitz MB, 1991. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environmental Health Perspective, 91, 33–37.
21. SCOOP Reports on tasks for scientific co-operation, Task 3.2.11 ‘Assessment of dietary exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States’. ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/-contaminants/scoop_3-2-11_heavy_metals_report_en.pdf.
22. Tukey, JW, 1977. Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesely;.
23. WHO (World Health Organization), 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. (Seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No 960, Geneva, Switzerland.
24. WHO (World Health Organization), 1987. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirtieth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 751, 1987, Geneva, Switzerland.
25. WHO (World Health Organization), 1993. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 837, 1993, Geneva, Switzerland.
26. WHO (World Health Organization), 2007. Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution. Joint WHO/Convention Task Force on the Health Aspects of Air Pollution, Copenhagen.
27. Ziegler EE, Edwards BB, Jensen RL, Mahaffey KR and Fomon SJ, 1978. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatric Research, 12, 29–34.