Kinematics, injury mechanisms and design considerations for older children in adult torso belts

SAE Technical Papers

Volumn , Issue , 2001, Pages

  Bidez, Martha Warren ^a   Syson, Stephen R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b Syson and Hille Associate   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANCHORAGES (FOUNDATIONS); LAWS AND LEGISLATION;

CHILD PROTECTIONS; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; INJURY MECHANISMS; NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARDS; OBLIQUE COLLISION; POLICY INTERVENTION; SAFETY IMPROVEMENT; THREE POINT BELTS;

ACCIDENTS;

EID: 85072458655     PISSN: 01487191     EISSN: 26883627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4271/2001-01-0173     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (32)

1. Haseltine, Philip, Blue Ribbon Panel II: Protecting Our Older Child Passengers, The American Coalition for Traffic Safety, Inc. March 15, 1999.
2. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement; Volume 97, Number 5, pp. 761-762, May, 1996.
3. Agran, Phyllis F. et al, Restraint Use Among Children in Fatal Crashes, SAE 973300
4. Stucki, Lee, NASS Analysis of Child Seat Use, Stucki Engineering and Information Services, February 2000.
5. Decina, L.E., and Knoebel K.Y., Patterns of Misuse of Child Safety Seats, NHTSA Report Number DOT HS 808 440, January 1996.
6. National Safe Kids Campaign; Occupant Protection Laws Across the Nation; Washington, D.C. Summer 2000.
7. Anthropometry of Infants, Children, and Youths to Age 18 for Product Safety Design, SAE SP-450.
8. Klinich, K.D., Pritz, H.B., Beebe, M.S., and Welty, K.E., Survey of Older Children in Automotive Restraints. SAE 942222.
9. Klinich, Kathleen, et al, Study of Older Child Restraint/Booster Seat Fit and NASS Injury Analysis, NHTSA, November 1994.
10. th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 680776, October 1968.
11. Henderson, M., Children in car crashes: an in-depth study of car crashes in which child occupants were injured. Child Accident Prevention Foundation -Report/ISBN 0949630314; New South Wales, Australia, June, 1994.
12. Gotschall, C.S., Bents, F.D., Khaewpong, N., Sturm, P.F., Sivit, C.J., and Elchelberger, M.R., The Performance of Lap/Shoulder Belts in Restraining Children in Motor Vehicle Crashes, SAE SP-986, p. 299.
13. National Transportation Safety Board Safety Study: The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems, Seatbelts, and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles; NTSB/SS-96/01; Notation 6739
14. Sturtz G., Biomechanical Data of Children, SAE 801313.
15. Lane, J.C., The Seat Belt Syndrome in Children, SAE 933098.
16. Doersch, K.B., and Dozier, W.E., The Seat Belt Sydrome-The Seat Belt Sign, Intestinal and Mesenteric Injuries, The Amer. J. Surg., 116: 831-833, 1968.
17. Asbun, H.J., Irani, H., Roe, E.J., Bloch, J.H., Intra-abdominal Seatbelt Injury, J. Trauma, 30 (2): 189-193, 1990.
18. rd Annual Conference, AAAM, 1979.
19. Slavik, D.H., Cervical Distraction Injuries to Children, SAE 973306.
20. Dejeammes, M., Tarriere, C., Thomas, C., and Kallieris, D., Exploration of Biomechanical Data Towards a Better Evaluation of Tolerance for Children Involved in Automotive Accidents, SAE 840530
21. White, A.A., and Panjabi, M.M., Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1990, p. 98.
22. Sullivan, Lisa K., et al, Evaluation of Devices to Improve Shoulder Belt Fit, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT HS 808383, 1994.
23. Morgan, Christine M., Effectiveness of Lap/Shoulder Belts in the Back Outboard Seating Positions, NHTSA, 1999.
24. rd Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM), September 1999.
25. Presidential Seat Belt Initiative and Buckle Up America Campaign August 18, 2000 www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/airbags/presbelt/.
26. nd Symposium Proceedings, P316, SAE 973229.
27. Henderson, Michael, M.D., Children in Adult Seats and Child Harnesses: Crash Sled Comparisons of Dummy Responses, P316, SAE 973308.
28. Svensson, Lars G., Means for Effective Improvement of the Three-Point Seat Belt in Frontal Crashes, Twenty Second Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 780898.
29. Hontschik, Heinrich, et al, Necessities and Possibilities of Improving the Protective Effect of Three-Point Seat Belts, Twenty First Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 770933.
30. Edwards, Jack, and Sullivan, Kaye, Where are all the children seated and how are they restrained? SAE 971550, May 1, 1997.
31. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000 Family Shopping Guide to Car Seats, 2000.
32. Viano, D.C., and Sudhakar, A., Assessing the Safety Performance of Occupant Restraint Systems, SAE 902328, November 1990.