Air bag deployment frequency and injury risks

SAE Technical Papers

Volumn , Issue , 1996, Pages

  Werner, John V ^a   Roberson, Steve F ^a   Ferguson, Susan A ^b   Digges, Kennedy H ^c  

^a State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co

^b Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ^*

^c GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOBILE AIR BAGS; INSURANCE; MODEL AUTOMOBILES; NEON; SPEED;

AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE; DEPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS; FRONTAL CRASHES; HIGH SPEED; HONDA CIVIC; INJURY RISK; LOW-SPEED CRASHES; UPPER EXTREMITY;

ACCIDENTS;

EID: 85072436894     PISSN: 01487191     EISSN: 26883627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4271/960664     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (21)

1. Ferguson S.A., Lund A.K., and Greene M.A., 1995. Driver fatalities in 1985-1994 air bag cars. Arlington, VA. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
2. Highway Loss Data Institute: Driver Injury Experience in 1990 Models Equipped with Air Bags or Automatic Belts. A-38. Arlington, VA. Highway Loss Data Institute, 1991.
3. Kahane C.J., Fatality reduction by automatic occupant protection in the United States. Paper 94-S5-0-08. Presented at the 14th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Munich, Germany, 1994.
4. Lund A.K., and Ferguson S.A., 1994. Driver fatalities in 1985-1993 cars with airbags. The Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, Vol. 38, No. 4, April 1995.
5. Werner J.S., and Sorenson W.W., Survey of airbag involved accidents. An analysis of collision characteristics, system effectiveness and injuries. Safety Technology. SP-1041. Paper 940802. Detroit, SAE, 1994, pp 1-19.
6. Huelke D.F., Moore J.L., and Compton T.W. et.al., Upper extremity injuries related to air bag deployments. In-Depth Accident Investigation: Trauma Team Findings in Late Model Vehicle Collisions. SP-1042. Paper 940716. Detroit, SAE, 1994, pp 55-64.
7. Huelke D.F., Moore J.L., Compton T.W., Samuels J., and Levine R.S., Upper extremity injuries related to airbag deployments. The Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. Vol. 38, No. 4, April 1995.
8. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Special issue: Air Bag Effectiveness, Status Report 30 (3): 1995.
9. Malliaris A., Digges K., and DeBlois H., Injury patterns of car occupants under air bag deployment. Paper 950867. SAE, Detroit, 1995.
10. Stucki S.L., Ragland C., Hennessey B., and Hollowell W.T., NHTSA's improved frontal protection research program. Issues in Automotive Safety Technology. SP-1072. Paper 950497, SAE, Detroit, 1995, pp 279-291.
11. Augenstein J.S., Digges K.H., Lombardo L.V., et al., Airbag protected crash victims-The challenge of identifying occult injuries. In-Depth Accident Investigation: Trauma Team Findings in Late Model Vehicle Collisions. SAE, Detroit, Paper 940714, 1994, pp. 45-54.
12. Augenstein J.S., Digges K.H., Lombardo L.V., et al., Chest and abdominal injuries suffered by restrained occupants. Advances in Occupant Protection Technologies for the Mid-Nineties. SP-1077, Paper 950657, SAE, Detroit, 1995, pp 37-44.
13. Lancaster G.I., DeFrance J.H., and Borruso J.J., Air bag-associated rupture of the right atrium. New England Journal of Medicine 328: 358, 1993.
14. Reed M., Schneider L., and Burney R., Investigation of airbag induced skin abrasion injuries. Paper 922510, SAE, Detroit, 1992.
15. Horsch J., Llau I., Andrzejak D., Viano D., Pearson J., Cok D., and Miller G., Assessment of air bag deployment loads. Paper 890369, SAE, Detroit, 1990.
16. Melvin J., Horsch J., McCleary J., Wideman L., Jensen J., and Wolanin M., Assessment of air bag deployment loads with the small female hybrid III dummy. Paper 933119, SAE, Detroit, 1993.
17. Dalmotas D.J., German A., and Hurley R.M., Air bag deployments involving restrained occupants. Detroit, Paer 950868, SAE, Detroit, 1995.
18. Powell M.R., and Lund A.K., Leading edge deployment speed of production air bags. Detroit, SAE, No. 950870, 1995.
19. Ferguson S.A., Reinfurt D.W., and Williams A.F., 1995. Survey of passenger and driver attitudes in air bag deployment crashes. Arlington, VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
20. Parkin S., Mackay G.M., and Cooper A., 1993. How drivers sit in cars. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference. San Antonio, TX: 375-388.
21. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Comments to Docket No.74-14 on January 22, 1996.