By-elections since 1983: Did they matter?

By-Elections in British Politics

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 244-267

  Crewe, Ivor ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85070632870     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315072616-19     Document Type: Chapter

References (72)

1. 'Meaningless Monmouth', The Times, 16 May 1991.
2. S. J. Stray and M. S. Silver, Do by-elections demonstrate a government's unpopularity?, 33 (3), pp. 264-70, 1980;
3. British Journal of Political Science, 21 (1), January 1991, pp. 108-18.
4. Andrew Marr, 'Newbury will be a non-event, unless', The Independent, 4 May 1993.
5. 'Poll misery puts Tories in a panic', The Guardian, 17 December 1994.
6. Simon Jenkins, 'Ashdown's empty victory', The Times, 5 May 1993.
7. R. M. Worcester, 'Brecon: how we got it wrong', The Times, 17 August 1985.
8. S. Bates, 'Poll misery puts Tories in a panic', The Guardian, 17 December 1994.
9. B. Anderson, John Major: The making of the prime minister (London: Fourth Estate, 1991) and A. Watkins, A
10. Conservative coup (London: Duckworth, 1991).
11. K. Swaddle, 'Ancient and modern: innovations in electioneering at the constituency level', in I. Crewe and M. Harrop, (eds) Politial Communications: the general election campaign of1987 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 29-40.
12. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), British parliamentary election statistics, 1918-1970, 2nd edn (Chichester, 1971).
13. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), British parliamentary election results, 1918-1970, 2 vols. (Chichester, 1969, 1971).
14. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), British parliamentary constituency boundaries (Chichester, 1972).
15. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), Britain votes, 1974-88, 2 vols. (Chichester, 1980, 1988).
16. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), British electoral facts, 1832-1980(Chichester, 1981).
17. F. W. S. Craig (ed.), Chronology of British parliamentary by-elections, 1833-1987(Chichester, 1987).
18. M. Kinnear, The British voter(1968).
19. B. R. Mitchell and K. Boehm, British parliamentary election results, 1950-1964(Cambridge, 1966).
20. T. Erskine May, Parliamentary practice, 18th edn, edited by Sir B. Cocks (1971).
21. A. N. Schofield, Parliamentary elections, 3rd edn (1959).
22. A. J. Allen, The English voter(1964).
23. A. Booth, British hustings, 1924-1950 (1956).
24. J. C. Brown, 'Local party efficiency as a factor in the outcome of British elections', Political Studies Uune (1958).
25. D. E. Butler, The electoral system in Britain since 1918, 2nd edn (Oxford, 1963).
26. D. E. Butler, The British general election of 1951(1952).
27. D. E. Butler, The British general election of 1955(1955).
28. D. E. Butler and R. Rose, The British general election of 1959 (1960).
29. D. E. Buder and A. King, The British general election of 1964(1965).
30. D. E. Buder and A. King, The British general election of 1966(1966).
31. D. E. Butler and M. Pinto-Duschinsky, The British general election of 1970(1971).
32. D. E. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of February 1974(1974).
33. D. E. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of October 1974(1975).
34. D. E. Buder and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of 1979(1980).
35. D. E. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of 1983(1985).
36. D. E. Buder and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of 1987(1988).
37. D. E. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British general election of1992(1993).
38. D. E. Buder and D. Stokes, Political change in Britain(1969).
39. H. D. Clarke and G. Zuk, 'Politics, economics and party popularity in Britain, 1979-83', Electoral Studies(1986).
40. H. Drucker, 'Learning to fight multi-party elections: the lessons of Hillhead, Parliamentary Affairs (1982).
41. J. P. Dunbabin, 'British elections: a psephological note', English Historical Review(1966).
42. F. Feigert and P. Norris, 'Do by-elections constitute referenda? A four-country comparison', Legislative Studies Quarterly(1990).
43. M. Franklin, The Decline of Class Voting in Britain (Oxford, 1985).
44. C. A. E. Goodhart and R. J. Bhansali, 'Political economy', Political Studies(Mar 1970).
45. R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner, Political parties in action(1968).
46. T. L. Humberstone, University representation(1951).
47. D. Kavanagh, Constituency electioneering in Britain(1970).
48. A. King, 'Why all governments lose by-elections', New Society, 21 Mar 1968.
49. R. L. Leonard, Elections in Britain, 2nd edn (1968).
50. E. G. Lewis, British by-elections as a reflection of public opinion (Berkeley, 1943).
51. R. B. McCallum and A. Readman, The British general election of1945(1947).
52. J. P. Mackintosh, The government and politics of Britain(1970).
53. A. Mughan, 'On the by-election vote of governments in Britain', Contemporary record(1990).
54. H. G. Nicholas, The British general election of 1950(1951).
55. P. Norris, British by-elections: the volatile electorate (Oxford, 1990).
56. P. Norris, 'By-elections: their importance in Britain', Contemporary record(1990).
57. P. Norris and F. Feigert, 'Government and third-party performance in mid-term byelections: the Canadian, British and Australian experience', Electoral Studies(1989).
58. J. K. Pollock, 'British by-elections between the wars', American Political Science Review(1941).
59. P. G. Pulzer, Political representation and elections in Britain(1967).
60. S. F. Rae, 'The Oxford by-election: a study in the straw-vote method', Political Quarterly(1939).
61. J. Rasmussen, 'Women candidates in British by-elections: a rational choice interpretation of electoral behaviour', Political Studies(1981).
62. R. Rose, Influencing voters(1967).
63. R. Rose, 'Money and election law', Political Studies(1959).
64. G. N. Sanderson, 'The swing of the pendulum', Political Studies(1966).
65. B. Sarlvik and I. Crewe, Decade of dealignment (Cambridge, 1983).
66. R. M. Scammon, 'British by-elections, 1950', American Political Science Review(1951).
67. R. M. Scammon, 'British by-elections, 1952', American Political Science Review(1953).
68. R. M. Scammon, 'British by-elections, 1951-5, Journal of Politics (1956).
69. J. S. Stray and M. Silver, 'Do by-elections demonstrate a governments unpopularity?', Parliamentary Affairs(1979).
70. J. S. Stray, 'Government popularity, by-elections and cycles', Parliamentary Affairs(1983).
71. D. Studlar, 'By-elections and the Liberal-SDP alliance', Teaching Politics(1984).
72. G. J. G. Upton, 'The impact of by-elections in general elections: England, 1950-87', British Journal of Political Science (1991).