Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory

Readings in Ethnic Psychology

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 123-155

  Lafromboise, Teresa ^a   Coleman, Hardin L K ^a   Gerton, Jennifer ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85070002406     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315822129-18     Document Type: Chapter

References (150)

1. Ablon, G. (1964). Relocated American Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area: Social interaction and Indian identity. Human Organization, 23, 296-304.
2. Adler, P. S. (1975). The transitional experience: An alternative view of cultural shock. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 15,13-23.
3. Akao, S. F. (1983). Biculturalism and barriers to learning among Michigan Indian adult students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 3572A. (University Microfilms No. DA8470162)
4. Atkinson, D. R., and Gim, R. H. (1989). Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36,209-212.
5. Atkinson, D. R., Morten, G., and Sue, D. W. (1989). Proposed minority identity development model. In D. R. Atkinson. G. Morten, and D. W. Sue (Eds.), Counseling American minorities: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 35-52). Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
6. Baker, F. M. (1987). The Afro-American life cycle: Success, failure, and mental health.Journal of the National Medical Association, 79, 625-633.
7. Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33, 344-358.
8. Bandura, A. (1986). Thefoundations of social thought and action. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Barger, W. K. (1977). Culture change and psychological adjustment. American Ethnologist, 4, 471-495.
10. Beauvais, F. (1992). Characteristics of Indian youth and drug use. American Indian and Alaskan Native Mental Health Research: The Journal of the National Center, 5(1), 51-67.
11. Beiser, M. (1987). Influences o f time, ethnicity, and attachment on depression in Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 46-51.
12. Bennet, L. (Eds.). (1991). How Black creativity is changing America [Special issue]. Ebony, 66 (10).
13. Berry, J. W. (1984). Cultural relations in plural societies: Alternatives to segregation and their sociopsychological implications. In N. Miller and M. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact, (pp. 11-27). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
14. Berry, J. W. (1986), Multiculturalism and psychology in plural societies. In L. H. Ekstrand (Ed.), Ethnic minorities and immigrants in a cross-cultural perspective (pp. 37-51). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger.
15. Berry, J. W., and Annis, R. C. (1974). Acculturation stress: The role of ecology, culture and differentiation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 382-406.
16. Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M., and Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 38,185-206.
17. Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. P., Segal], M. H., and Dasen, P. R. (1992). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. Bettes, B. A., Dusenbury, L., Kerner, J., James-Ortiz, S., and Botvin, G. J. (1990). Ethnicity and psychosocial factors in alcohol and tobacco use in adolescence. Child Development, 61, 557-565.
19. Beuke, V. L. (1978), The relationship of cultural identification to personal adjustment of American Indian children in segregated and integrated schools. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38, 7203A. (University Microfilms No. 7809310).
20. Boyce, W., and Boyce, T. (1983). Acculturation and changes in health among Navajo boarding school students. Social Science and Medicine, 17,219-226.
21. Brown, P. M. (1990). Biracial identity and social marginality. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 319-337.
22. Buriel, R., and Saenz, E. (1980). Psychocultural characteristics of college-bound and noncollegebound Chicanas. Journal of Social Psychology, 110,245-251.
23. Burnam, M. A., Telles, C. A., Karno, M., Hough, R. L., and Escobar, J. I. (1987). Measurement of acculturation in a community population of Mexican Americans. Hispanic Journal ofBehavioral Sciences, 9,105-130.
24. Cantrall, B., and Pete, L. (1990, April). Navajo culture: A bridge to the rest of the world. Paper presented at the annual meeting o f the American Educational Research Association. Boston.
25. Chadwick, B. A., and Strauss, J. H, (1975). The assimilation of American Indians into urban society: The Seattle case. Human Organization, 34, 359-369.
26. Chance, N. A. (1965). Acculturation, self-identification, and personality adjustment. American Anthropologies, 57, 372-393.
27. Clement, R., Gardner, R. C., and Smythe, P. C. (1977). Motivational variables in second language acquisition: A study of francophones learning English. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 9, 123-133.
28. Comer, J. P. (1980). School power. New York: Free Press.
29. Comer, J. P. (1985). Social policy and mental health of Black children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24,175-181.
30. Cross, W. E. (1971). The Negro-to-Black conversion experience: Toward a psychology of Black liberation. Black World, 20,13-27.
31. Cuellar, I., Harris, L. C., and Naron, N. (1981). Evaluation of a bilingual treatment program for Mexican American psychiatric inpatients. In A. Barron (Ed.), Explorations in Chicanopsychology (pp. 165-186). New York: Praeger.
32. Curtis, P. A. (1990). The consequences of acculturation to service delivery and research with Hispanic families. Child and Adolescent Social Work, 7,147-159.
33. De La Torre, M. (1977). Towards a definition of Chicano mental disorder: An exploration of the acculturation and ethnic identity process of Chicano psychiatric outpatients. Dissertation Abstracts International, 39, 4025B. (University Microfilms No. 7901909)
34. Dornic, S. M. (1985). Immigrants, language and stress. In L. H. Ekstrand (Ed.), Ethnic minorities and immigrants in a cross-cultural perspective (pp. 149-157). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeidinger.
35. DuBois, W.E.B. (1961). The soul of black folks: Essays and sketches. New York: Fawcett.
36. Edwards, J. R. (1981). The context of bilingual education. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2,25-44.
37. Ekstrand, L. H. (1978). Bilingual and bicultural adaptation. In Educational and psychological interactions (pp. 1-72). Malmo, Sweden: School of Education.
38. Erickson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
39. Erickson, E. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
40. Fernandez-Barillas, H. J., and Morrison, T. L. (1984). Cultural affiliation and adjustment among male Mexican-American college students. Psychological Reports, 55, 855-860.
41. Fisher, R. I. (1974). A study of non-intellectual attributes of Chicanos in a first grade bilingualbicultural program. Journal of Educational Research, 67, 323-328.
42. Fishman, J. A. (1989). Bilingualism and biculturalism as individual and societal phenomena.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1, 3-15.
43. Fordham, S. (1988). Racelessness as a factor in Black students school success: Pragmatic strategy or pyrrhic victory. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 54-84.
44. Fraser, M. W., and Pecora, P. J. (1985-1986). Psychological adaptation among Indochinese refugees. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 10,20-39.
45. Garcia, H. S. (1983). Bilingualism, biculturalism and the educational system.. Journal of Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, 11, 67-74.
46. Gim, R. H., Atkinson, D. R., and Whiteley, S. (1990). Asian-American acculturation, severity of concerns, and willingness to see a counselor. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 281-285.
47. Gleason, P. (1979). Confusion compounded: The melting pot in the 1960s and 1970s. Ethnicity, 6, 10-20.
48. Goldberg, M. M. (1941). A qualification of the marginal man theory. American Sociological Review, 5, 52-58.
49. Golden, J. G. (1987). Acculturation, biculturalism and marginality: A study of Korean-American high school students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 4 8,1135A. (University Microfilms No. DA8716257)
50. Goldlust, J., and Richmond, A. H. (1974). A multivariate model of immigrant adaptation. International Migration Review, 3,193-225.
51. Gonzalez, M. (1986). A study of the effects of strength of ethnic identity and amount of contact with the dominant culture on the stress in acculturation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47,2164B. (University Microfilms No. DA8616648)
52. Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life. New York: Oxford University Press.
53. Gordon, M. M. (1978). Human nature, class, and ethnicity. New York: Oxford University Press.
54. Green, A. W. (1947). A re-examination of the marginal man concept. Social Forces, 26,167-171.
55. Gutierrez, F. J. (1981). A process model of bicultural personality development. Dissertation Abstracts International, 4 2,3871B. (University Microfilms No. DA8203892)
56. Gutierrez, J., and Sameroff, A. (1990). Determinants of complexity in Mexican-American mother's conceptions of child development. Child Development, 61, 384-394.
57. Guzman, M. E. (1986). Acculturation of Mexican adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International 47,2166B. (University Microfilms No. DA8617666)
58. Hallowell, A. I. (1957). The impact of the American Indian on American cxAtwe. American Anthropologist, 59,201-217.
59. Helms, J. E. (1990). Black and White racial identity theory, research, and practice. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
60. Hernandez, S. M. (1981). Acculturation and biculturalism among Puerto Ricans in Lamont, California. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 428B. (University Microfilms No. 8113419)
61. Hess, R. S., and Street, E. M. (1991). The effect of acculturation on the relationship of counselor ethnicity and client ratings. Journal of Counseling Psychology: 38, 71-75.
62. Hurdle, D. E. (1991). The ethnic group experience. Social Work With Groups, 13,59-68.
63. Johnston, R. (1976). The concept of the "marginal man": A refinement of the term. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Science, 12,145-147.
64. Kazaleh, F. A. (1986). Biculturalism and adjustment: A study of Ramallah-American adolescents in Jacksonville, Florida. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 448A. (University Microfilms No. DA8609672)
65. Kelly, M. C. (1971). Las fiestas como reflejo del orden social: El caso de San Xavier del Bac. America Indigena, 31,141-161.
66. Kerchoff, A. C., and McCormick, T. C. (1955). Marginal status and marginal personality. Social Forces, 34,48-55.
67. Kim, Y. Y. (1979). Toward an interactive theory of communication-acculturation. In D. Nimmo (Ed.), Communication yearbook 3 (pp. 435-453). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
68. LaFromboise, T. D. (1983). Assertion training with American Indians. Los Cruces, NM: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education.
69. LaFromboise, T. D., Berman, J. S., and Sohi, B. K. (1993). American Indian women. In L. Comas- Diaz and B. Green (Eds.), Mental health and women of color. New York: Guilford Press.
70. LaFromboise, T. D., and Rowe, W. (1983). Skills training for bicultural competence: Rationale and application. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 589-595.
71. Lambert, W. E. (1977). The effects of bilingualism in the individual. In P. W. Hornby (Ed.), Bilingualism: Psychological, social and educational implications (pp. 15-27). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
72. Lang, J. G., Munoz, R. F., Bernal, G., and Sorensen, J. L. (1982). Quality of life and psychological well-being in a bicultural Latino community. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4, 433-450.
73. Levine, R. A. (1982). Culture, behavior, and personality (2nd ed.). Chicago: Aldine.
74. Lewis, E. A., and Ford, B. (1991). The network utilization project: Incorporating traditional strengths of African-American families into group work practice. Social Work With Groups, 13, 7-22.
75. Little Soldier, L. (1985). To soar with the eagles: Enculturation and acculturation of Indian children. Childhood Education, 51,185-191.
76. Mallea, J. (1988). Canadian dualism and pluralism: Tensions, contradictions and emerging resolutions. In J. Berry and R. Annis (Eds.), Ethnic psychology: Research and practice with immigrants, refugees, Native peoples, ethnic groups and sojourners (pp. 13-37). Berwyn, PA: Swets North America.
77. Martinez, A. R. (1987). The effects of acculturation and racial identity on self-esteem and psychological well-being among young Puerto Ricans. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 9163. University Microfilms No. DA8801737
78. McClure, E. (1977). Aspects of code-switching in the discourse of bilingual Mexican-American children. In M. Saville-Troike (Ed.), Linguistics and anthropology (pp. 93-115). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
79. McFee, M. (1968). The 150 percent man, a product of Blackfeet acculturation. American Anthropologist, 70,1096-1107.
80. McKirnan, D. J., and Hamayan, E. V. (1984). Speech norms and attitudes toward outgroup members: A test o f a model in a bicultural context. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 3, 21-38.
81. Mego, D. K. (1988). The acculturation, psychosocial development and Jewish identity of Soviet Jewish emigres. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 4605B (University Microfilms No. DA.21946)
82. Mendoza, A. P. (1981). Responding to stress: Ethnic and sex differences in coping behavior. In A. Baron (Ed.), Explorations in Chicano psychology (pp. 187-211). New York: Praeger.
83. Mullender, A., and Miller, D. (1985). The Ebony group: Black children in white foster homes. Adoption and Fostering, 9(1), 33-40, 49.
84. Murphy, H.B.M. (1977). Migration, culture and mental health. Psychological Medicine, 7, 677-684.
85. Northover, M. (1988). Bilingual or "dual linguistic identities"? In J. Berry and R. Annis (Eds.), Ethnic psychology: Research and practice with immigrants, refugees, Native peoples, ethnic groups and sojourners (pp. 207-216). Berwyn, PA: Swets North America.
86. Oetting, E. R., and Beauvais, F. (1990-1991). Orthogonal cultural identification theory: The cultural identification of minority adolescents. International Journal of the Addictions, 25, 655-685.
87. Oetting, E. R., Edwards, R. W., and Beauvais, F. (1989). Drugs and Native American youth. In B. Segal (Ed.), Perspectives on adolescent drug use (pp. 1-34). New York: Harworth Press.
88. Ogbu, J. U. (1979). Social stratification and the socialization of competence. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 10, 3-20.
89. Ogbu, J. U., and Matute-Bianchi, M. A. (1986). Understanding sociocultural factors: Knowledge, identity, and social adjustment. In California State Department of Education, Bilingual Education Office, Beyond language: Social and cultural factors in schooling (pp. 73-142). Sacramento, CA: California State University-Los Angeles, Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center.
90. Olmedo, E. L., and Padilla, A. M. (1973). Empirical and construct validation of a measure of acculturation for Mexican Americans. Journal of Social Psychology, 105,179-187.
91. Padilla, A. M. (1980). Acculturation: Theory, models and some newfindings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
92. Palinkas, L. A. (1982). Ethnicity, identity and mental health: The use of rhetoric in an immigrant Chinese church. Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology, 5, 235-258.
93. Palleja, J. (1987). The impact of cultural identification on the behavior of second generation Puerto Rican adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 48,1541A. (University Microfilms No. DA8715043)
94. Park, R. E. (1928). Human migration and the marginal man. American Journal of Sociology, 5, 881-893.
95. Pasquali, E. A. (1985). The impact of acculturation on the eating habits of elderly immigrants: A Cuban example. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly, 5, 27-36.
96. Peal, E., and Lambert, W. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs, 76(27).
97. Pertusali, L. (1988). Beyond segregation or integration: A case study from effective Native American education. Journal of American Indian Education, 27,10-20.
98. Pierce, R. C., Clark, M., and Kaufman, S. (1978). Generation and ethnic identity: A typological analysis. InternationalJournal of Aging and Human Development, 9,19-29.
99. Plas, J. M., and Bellet, W. (1983). Assessment of the value-attitude orientations of American Indian children. Journal of School Psychology, 21, 57-64.
100. Polgar, S. (1960). Biculturation of Mesquakie teenage boys. American Anthropologist, 62,217-235.
101. Ponce, F. Qy and Atkinson, D. R. (1989). Mexican-American acculturation, counselor ethnicity, counseling style, and perceived counselor credibility. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 203-208.
102. Porte, Z., and Torney-Purta, J. (1987). Depression and academic achievement among Indochinese refugee unaccompanied minors in ethnic and nonethnic placements. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 536-547.
103. Prigoff, A. W. (1984). Self-esteem, ethnic identity, job aspiration and school stress or Mexican American youth in a Midwest urban barrio. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 2257A. (University Microfilms No. DA8420403)
104. Ramirez, M., III. (1984). Assessing and understanding biculturalism-multiculturalism in Mexican- American adults. In J. L. Martinez and R. H. Mendoza (Eds.), Chicanopsychology (pp. 77-94). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
105. Rashid, H. M. (1984). Promoting biculturalism in young African-American children. Young Children, 39,13-23.
106. Red Horse, J. (1980). Family structure and value orientation in American Indians. Social Casework, 61, 462-467.
107. Richman, J. A., Gaviria, M., Flaherty, J. A., Birz, S., and Wintrob, R. M. (1987). The process of acculturation: Theoretical perspectives and an empirical investigation in Peru. Social Science and Medicine, 25, 839-847.
108. Robinson, P. (1985). Language retention among Canadian Indians: A simultaneous model with dichotomous endogenous variables. American Sociological Review, 50, 515-529.
109. Rodriguez, C. (1975). A cost-benefit analysis of subjective factors affecting assimilation: Puerto Ricans. Ethnicity, 2, 66-80.
110. Rogler, L. H., Cortes, D. E., and Malgady, R. G. (1991). Acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics. American Psychologist, 46, 585-597.
111. Rosenthal, D. A. (1987). Ethnic identity development in adolescents. In J. S. Phinney and M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization (pp. 156-179). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
112. Rozek, F. (1980). The role of internal conflict in the successful acculturation of Russian Jewish immigrants. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41,2778B. (University Microfilms No. 8028799)
113. Ruben, B. D., and Kealey, D. J. (1979). Behavioral assessment of communication competency and the prediction of cross-cultural adaption. InternationalJournal of InterculturalRelations, 3,15-47.
114. Ruiz, R. (1981). Cultural and historical perspectives in counseling Hispanics. In D. Sue (Ed.), Counseling the culturally different (pp. 186-215). New York: Wiley.
115. Sameroff, A. J. (1982). Development and the dialectic: The need for a systems approach. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, 15, 83-103.
116. Sampson, E. E. (1988). The debate on individualism: Indigenous psychologies of the individual and their role in personal and societal functioning. American Psychologist, 43,15-22.
117. Saville-Troike, M. (1981). The development of bilingual and bicultural competence in young children. Urbana, IL: Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 206-376)
118. Schiller, P. M. (1987). Biculturalism and psychosocial adjustment among Native American university students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 48,1542A. (University Microfilms No. DA8720632)
119. Schlossberg, N. K. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9,2-36.
120. Schwarzer, R., Bowler, R., and Rauch, S. (1985). Psychological indicators of acculturation: Selfesteem, racial tension and inter-ethnic contact. In L. Ekstrand (Ed.), Ethnic minorities and immigrants in a cross-cultural perspective (pp. 211-229). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger.
121. Segall, M. M. (1986). Culture and behavior: Psychology in global perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 37, 523-564.
122. Simard, L. M., and Taylor, D. M. (1973). The potential for bicultural communication in a dyadic situation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 5, 211-255.
123. Smither, R. (1982). Human migration and the acculturation of minorities. Human Relations, 35, 57-68.
124. Sodowsky, G. R., and Carey, J. C. (1988). Relationship between acculturation-related demographics and cultural attitudes of an Asian-Indian immigrant group. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 16,117-136.
125. Spencer, M. B., Brookins, G. K., and Allen, W. R. (Eds.). (1985). Beginnings: The social and affective development of Black children. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.
126. Spindler, L. S. (1952). Witchcraft in Menomoni acculturation. American Anthropologist, 54, 593-602.
127. Stonequist, E. V. (1935). The problem of marginal man. American Journal of Sociology, 7,1-12.
128. Sue, D. W., and Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
129. Sundberg, N. D., Snowden, L. R., and Reynolds, W. M. (1978). Toward assessment of personal competence and incompetence in life situations. American Review of Psychology, 29,174-221.
130. Sung, B. L. (1985). Bicultural conflicts in Chinese immigrant children. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 16,255-269.
131. Szapocznik, J., and Kurtines, W. (1980). Acculturation, biculturalism and adjustment among Cuban Americans. In A. M. Padilla (Ed.), Psychological dimensions on the acculturation process: Theory, models, and some new findings (pp. 139-159). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
132. Szapocznik, J., Kurtines, W., and Fernandez, T. (1980). Bicultural involvement and adjustment in Hispanic- American youths. InternationalJournal oflntercultural Relations, 4, 353-365.
133. Szapocznik, J., Rio, A., Perez-Vidal, A., Kurtines, W., Hervis, O., and Santisteban, D. (1986). Bicultural effectiveness training (BET): An experimental test of an intervention modality for families experiencing intergenerational/intercultural conflict. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 8, 303-330.
134. Szapocznik, J., Santisteban, D., Kurtines, W., Perez-Vidal, A., and Hervis, O. (1984). Bicultural effectiveness training. A treatment intervention for enhancing intercultural adjustment in Cuban American families. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 6, 317-344.
135. Szapocznik, J., Scopetta, M. A., Kurtines, W., and Arandale, M. A. (1978). Theory and measurement of acculturation. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 12,113-120.
136. Taft, R. (1977). Coping with unfamiliar cultures. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1. pp. 121-153). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
137. Thomas, G. E. (1983). The deficit difference, and bicultural theories of Black dialect and nonstandard English. Urban Review, 15,107-118.
138. Thompson, L. (1948). Attitudes and acculturation. American Anthropologist, 50,200-215.
139. Topper, M. D., and Johnson, L. (1980). Effects of forced relocation on Navajo mental patients from the former Navajo-Hopi joint use area. White CloudJournal, 2(1), 3-7.
140. Tormes, Y. (1985). Bilingual education. English as a second language and equity in higher education. Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 3314A. (University Microfilms No. DA8601699)
141. Triandis, H. C. (1980). A theoretical framework for the study of bilingual-bicultural adaption. Intercultural Review of Applied Psychology, 29, 7-16.
142. Trimble, J. (1981). Value differentials and their importance in counseling American Indians. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Counseling across cultures (pp. 203-226). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
143. Van Den Bergh, N. (1991). Managing biculturalism at the workplace: A group approach. In K. L. Chau (Ed.), Ethnicity and biculturalism (pp. 71-84). New York: Haworth Press.
144. Vasquez, M. J., and McKinley, D. L. (1982). Supervision: A conceptual model-reactions and extension. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 59-63.
145. Vogt, E. Z. (1957). The acculturation of American Indians. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 311,137-146.
146. Weatherford, J. (1988). Indian givers: How the Indians of the Americas transformed the world. New York: Fawcett Columbine.
147. Williams, C. L., and Berry, J. W. (1991). Primary prevention of acculturative stress among refugees: Application of psychological theory and practice. American Psychologist, 46, 632-641.
148. Young, M. C., and Gardner, R. C. (1990). Modes of acculturation and second language proficiency. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 22, 59-71.
149. Zane, N., Sue, S., Hu, L., and Kwon, J. (1991). Asian-American assertion: A social learning analysis of cultural differences. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 63-70.
150. Zuniga, M. E. (1988). Assessment issues with Chicanas: Practice implications. Psychotherapy, 25, 288-293.