'We are patriots first and democrats second': The rise of Chinese Nationalism in the 1990s

What if China Doesn't Democratize?: Implications for War and Peace

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 21-48

  Zhao, Suisheng ^a  

^a Health Services and Department of Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85068936754     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (79)

1. Kishore Mahbubani, "The Pacific Way," Foreign Affairs, vol. 74, no. 1, January/February 1995, p. 103
2. Renmin Ribao, October 1, 1996, p. 1
3. Liu Binyan, "Big Drama about Small Islands," China Focus, vol. 4, no. 10, October 1, 1996, p. 1
4. Song Qiang, Zhang Zangzang, Qiao Bian, eds., Zhongguo keyi shuo bu (The China that can say no). Beijing: Zhonghua gongshang lianhe chubanshe, 1996
5. Samuel Wang, "Teaching Patriotism in China," China Strategic Review, vol. 1, no. 4, July 5, 1996, p. 13
6. Erik Eckholm, "China's Liberals Look for Silver Lining," New York Times, May 17, 1999
7. Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro, "The Coming Conflict with America," Foreign Affairs, vol. 76, no. 2, March/April 1997, p. 19
8. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996, p. 229
9. James R. Lilley, "Nationalism Bites Back," New York Times, October 24,1996
10. Hans Kohn, "Nationalism," International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 11, 1968, p. 63
11. Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, China s Entrance into the Family of Nations: The Diplomatic Phase, 1858-1880. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960, p. 13
12. James Harrison, Modern Chinese Nationalism. New York: Hunter College, Research Institute on Modem Asia, 1969, p. 2
13. Joseph Levenson, Liang Ch 'i-ch 'ao and the Mind of Modern China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967, p. 108
14. John Fitzgerald, "The Nationless State: The Search for a Nation in Modem Chinese Nationalism," in Jonathan Unger, ed., Chinese Nationalism. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1996, p. 67
15. Han Jinchun and Li Yifu, "Hanwen 'minzu'yi ci de chuxian jiqi chuqi shiyong qingkuang" (The emergence of the term 'minzu' in Chinese language and usage). Minzu Yanjiu, no. 2, 1984, pp. 36-43
16. Andrew J. Nathan and Robert S. Ross, The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress: China s Search for Security. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997, pp. 32-33
17. Xiao Gongqin, "Zhongguo minzu zhuyi de lishi yu qianjing" (The history and prospects of Chinese nationalism), Zhanlüeyu Guanli, no. 2, 1996, p. 59
18. Suisheng Zhao, "Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour: Elite Politics in Post-Tiananmen China," Asian Survey, vol. 33, no. 8, August 1993, pp. 739-756
19. Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992, p. 3
20. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Understanding International Conflicts. New York: Harper Collins, 1993, p. 61
21. Jiang Zemin, "Patriotism and the Mission of the Chinese Intellectuals," Xinhua, May 3, 1990
22. Charles Tilly, "States and Nationalism in Europe, 1492-1992," in John L. Comaroff and Paul C. Stem, eds., Perspectives on Nationalism and War. Luxembourg: Gordon and Breach, 1995, p. 190
23. Hunt, "Chinese National Identity and the Strong State: The Late Qing-Republican Crisis," in Lowell Dittmer and Samuel S. Kim, eds., China's Quest for National Identity. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994, p. 63
24. "To Construct the Motherland More Beautiful and Better," Renmin Ribao, October 1, 1996, p. 1
25. "Beijing Students Watch Patriotic Films," Xinhua, May 16, 1994
26. "Ding Guangen, Li Lanqing Commend Patriotic Education Meeting," Beijing Central Television Program, May 21, FBIS-CH1-94-102, May 26, 1994, p. 18
27. Geoffrey Crothall, "China: Patriotic Patter Winning Students," South China Morning Post, July 10, 1994, p. 8
28. "The Outline for Conducting Patriotic Education," Renmin Ribao, September 6, 1994, p. 1
29. Steven Mufson, "Maoism, Confucianism Blur Into Nationalism," The Washington Post, March 19, 1996, p. A1
30. Arthur Waldron, "Scholarship and Patriotic Education: The Great Wall Conference, 1994," The China Quarterly, no. 143, September 1995, pp. 844-850
31. "Beijing Radio Commentator on Party's Patriotic Education Document," Reuters Textline, September 7, 1994
32. "Gaoju aiguozhuyi qizhi" (Hold high the banner of patriotism), Renmin Ribao, November 28, 1993
33. "A State-Led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China," Communist and Post-Communist Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, September 1998
34. Wu Xiuyi, Zhongguo wenhua re (China's cultural fever). Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1988
35. "Wenhua re: Beijing, shichao ji liangzhong qingxiang" (The cultural fever: Background, ideology, and two tendencies), in Chen Kuide, ed., Zhongguo dalu dangdai wenhua bianqian (Contemporary cultural changes in mainland China). Taipei: Guigan chubanshe, 1991, pp. 37-61
36. Merle Goldman, Perry Link, and Su Wei, "China's Intellectuals in the Deng Era: Loss of Identity with the State," in Lowell Dittmer and Samuel S. Kim, eds., China s Quest for National Identity, p. 143
37. Liu Zaiping, "Summary of a Seminar on New Authoritarianism," Guangming Ribao, March 24, 1996
38. Qi Mo, ed., Xin quanwei zhuyi: Dui Zhongguo dalu weilai mingyun de lunzheng (New authoritarianism: A debate for the future of mainland China). Taipei: Tangshan chubanshe, 1991
39. Stanley Rosen and Gary Zou, eds., "The Chinese Debate on the New Authoritarianism," Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, vol. 23, no. 2, winter 1990-91
40. Huang Wansheng, "Questions and Answers on the Criticism of New Authoritarianism," Wenhui Bao, February 22,1989
41. Bao Zunxin, "Confucian Ethics and the Four Little Dragons of Asia," Wenhui Bao, May 12, 1988
42. Joseph Fewsmith, "Neoconservatism and the End of the Dengist Era," Asian Survey, vol. 35, no. 7, July 1995, pp. 635-651
43. Xiao Gongqin, "Minzuzhuyi yu Zhongguo zhuangxing shiqide yishi xingtai" (Nationalism and ideology in China in the transitional era), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 4, 1994, pp. 21-25
44. "Zhongguo minzuzhuyi de lishi yu qianjing (History and the prospect for nationalism in China), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 2, 1996, pp. 58-62
45. Xiao Gongqin, "Minzuzhuyi yu Zhongguo zhuangxing shiqide yishi xingtai," p. 23
46. Xiao Gongqin, "Zhongguo minzuzhuyi de lishi yu qianjing," p. 62
47. Yi Baoyun, "Minzuzhuyi yu xiandai jingji fazhan (Nationalism and modem economic development), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 3, 1994
48. Yi Baoyun, "Minzuzhuyi yu xiandai jingji fazhan (Nationalism and modem economic development), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 3, 1994., p. 4
49. Samuel Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs, vol. 72, no. 3 (Summer 1993)
50. Wang Jisi, ed., Wenmingyu guoji zhengzhi: Zhongguo xuezheping Huntington de wenming chongtulun (Civilization and international politics: Chinese scholars on Huntington's Clash of Civilizations). Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1995
51. Shi Zhong (Wang Xiaodong), "Weilai de chongtu" (Future conflicts), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 1, 1993, pp. 46-50
52. Shi Zhong (Wang Xiaodong), "Zhongguo xiandaihua mianlin de tiaozhan" (The challenges to China's modernization), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 1, 1994
53. Song Qiang, Zhang Zangzang, Qiao Bian, eds., Zhongguo keyi shuo bu, pp. 3-15
54. Li Xiguang and Liu Kang, "A Look at the Coverage of China by the Mainstream US Media," Zhongguo Jizhe (The Chinese journalist), May 15, 1996, p, 19
55. "Chinese Intellectuals' Quest for National Greatness and Nationalistic Writing in the 1990s," The China Quarterly, no. 152, December 1997, pp. 725-745
56. Ernst B. Haas, Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress: The Rise and Decline o f Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997, p. vii
57. Shi Zhong (Wang Xiaodong), "Zhongguo de minzuzhuyi yu Zhongguo de weilai" (Chinese nationalism and China's future), Huaxia Wenzhai (China digest) (an Internet electronic magazine), 1996
58. Sheng Hong, "Shenme shi wenming" (What is civilization?), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 5, 1995
59. "Cong minzuzhuyi dao tianxiazhuyi" (From nationalism to cosmopolitanism), Zhanlue yu Guanli, no. 1,1996
60. "Jingjixue tiaozhan xifang" (Economics challenges the West), Dongfang, no. 1, 1996
61. Shintaro Ishihara, The Japan That Can Say No. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991
62. Mahatir Mohamad and Shintaro Ishihara, The Voice of Asia: Two Leaders Discuss the Coming Century. New York: Kodansha International, 1995
63. Song Qiang, Zhang Zangzang, Qiao Bian, eds., Zhongguo keyi shuo bu, pp. 50, 230, 49, and 51
64. Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993, pp. 272-273
65. Allen Whiting, "Assertive Nationalism in Chinese Foreign Policy," Asian Survey, vol. 23, no. 8, August 1983, pp. 913-933
66. Michel Oksenberg, "China's Confident Nationalism," Foreign Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1986-87, p. 504
67. Michel Oksenberg, "China's Confident Nationalism," Foreign Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1986-87., p. 505
68. Allen S. Whiting, "Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy After Deng," The China Quarterly, no. 142, June 1995, pp. 295-316
69. Allen S. Whiting, "ASEAN Eyes China: The Security Dimension," Asian Survey, vol. 37, no. 4, April 1997, p. 300
70. Hugh Seton-Watson, Nations and States: An Inquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1977
71. Louis L. Snyder, The Meaning of Nationalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1954
72. Walker Connor, "Ethnonationalism," in Myron Weiner and Samuel Huntington, eds., Understanding Political Development. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987, pp. 196-220
73. Melvyn C. Goldstein, "Outside Instigation and the Disturbances in Tibet," The Journal of Contemporary China, no. 4, Fall 1993, pp. 94-95
74. Steven Mufson, "China's New Nationalism: Mix of Mao and Confucius," International Herald Tribune, March 20, 1996
75. Jiang Zemin, "Patriotism and the Mission of the Chinese Intellectuals," Xinhua, May 3, 1990
76. Renmin Ribao, June 3, 1990, p. 1
77. David Shambaugh, "Containment or Engagement of China," International Security, vol.21,no. 12, Fall 1996, p. 205
78. Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro, The Coming Conflict with China. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997, p. 42
79. Steven Mufson, "Maoism, Confucianism Blur into Nationalism," Washington Post, March 19, 1996, p. Al