Patterns of response to antidepressants in major depressive disorder: Drug resistance or worsening of depression are associated with a bipolar diathesis

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 29, Issue 7, 2019, Pages 825-834

  Perugi, Giulio ^a   Pacchiarotti, Isabella ^b,c   Mainardi, Cecilia ^a,b   Verdolini, N ^b,c,d,e   Menculini, Giulia ^b,d   Barbuti, Margherita ^a   Angst, J ^f   Azorin, Jean Michel ^g   Bowden, Charles L ^h   Mosolov, Sergey ⁱ   Young, Allan H ^j   Vieta, Eduard ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^e FIDMAG GERMANES HOSPITALÀRIES RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PSYCHIATRY   (Switzerland)

^g HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

^h University of Texas Health Science Center   (United States)

ⁱ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry   (Russian Federation)

^j SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

Antidepressants; Major depressive disorder; Mixed features; Resistance to treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; LITHIUM; MOOD STABILIZER; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DIATHESIS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BORDERLINE STATE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISTRACTIBILITY; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERSEXUALITY; HYPOMANIA; IMPULSIVENESS; IRRITABILITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; MENTAL INSTABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, TREATMENT-RESISTANT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85067282053     PISSN: 0924977X     EISSN: 18737862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 2013, American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
3. Angst, J., Gamma, A., Bowden, C.L., Azorin, J.M., Perugi, G., Vieta, E., Young, A.H., Evidence-based definitions of bipolar-I and bipolar-II disorders among 5,635 patients with major depressive episodes in the bridge study: validity and comorbidity. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 263 (2013), 663–673.
4. Angst, J., Gamma, A., Bowden, C.L., Azorin, J.M., Perugi, G., Vieta, E., Young, A.H., Diagnostic criteria for bipolarity based on an international sample of 5,635 patients with DSM-IV major depressive episodes. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 262 (2012), 3–11.
5. Balázs, J., Benazzi, F., Rihmer, Z., Rihmer, A., Akiskal, K.K., Akiskal, H.S., The close link between suicide attempts and mixed (bipolar) depression: implications for suicide prevention. J. Affect. Disord. 91 (2006), 133–138.
6. Baldessarini, R.J., Leahy, L., Arcona, S., Gause, D., Zhang, W., Hennen, J., Patterns of psychotropic drug prescription for U.S. patients with diagnoses of bipolar disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 58 (2007), 85–91.
7. Barata, P.C., Holtzman, S., Cunningham, S., O'Connor, B.P., Stewart, D.E., Building a definition of irritability from academic definitions and lay descriptions. Emot. Rev. 8 (2016), 164–172.
8. Benazzi, F., Irritability in depression can be a symptom of mixed depression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 121, 2010, 80.
9. Broome, M.R., Saunders, K.E.A., Harrison, P.J., Marwaha, S., Mood instability: significance, definition and measurement. Br. J. Psychiatry 207 (2015), 283–285.
10. Brus, M.J., Solanto, M.V., Goldberg, J.F., Adult ADHD vs. Bipolar disorder in the DSM-5 Era. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 20 (2014), 428–437.
11. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), 2013. Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment of depression. EMA/CHMP/185423/2010 Rev. 2.
12. Dudek, D., Rybakowski, J.K., Siwek, M., Pawłowski, T., Lojko, D., Roczeń, R., Kiejna, A., Risk factors of treatment resistance in major depression: association with bipolarity. J. Affect. Disord. 126 (2010), 268–271.
13. El-Mallakh, R.S., Ghaemi, S.N., Sagduyu, K., Thase, M.E., Wisniewski, S.R., Nierenberg, A.A., Zhang, H.W., Pardo, T.A., Sachs, G., Antidepressant-associated chronic irritable dysphoria (ACID) in STEP-BD patients. J. Affect. Disord. 111 (2008), 372–377.
14. El-Mallakh, R.S., Karippot, A., Antidepressant-associated chronic irritable dysphoria (acid) in bipolar disorder: a case series. J. Affect. Disord. 84 (2005), 267–272.
15. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Fleiss, J.L., Cohen, J., The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 33 (1976), 766–771.
16. Ghaemi, S.N., Bipolar vs. borderline - diagnosis is prognosis once again. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 133 (2016), 171–173.
17. Ghaemi, S.N., Rosenquist, K.J., Ko, J.Y., Baldassano, C.F., Kontos, N.J., Baldessarini, R.J., Antidepressant treatment in bipolar versus unipolar depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 161 (2004), 163–165.
18. Harada, T., Inada, K., Yamada, K., Sakamoto, K., Ishigooka, J., A prospective naturalistic study of antidepressant- induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 10 (2014), 2115–2121.
19. Hayes, J.F., Pitman, A., Marston, L., Walters, K., Geddes, J.R., King, M., Osborn, D.P.J., Self-harm, unintentional injury, and suicide in bipolar disorder during maintenance mood stabilizer treatment. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 2016, 630.
20. Koukopoulos, A., Sani, G., Koukopoulos, A.E., Manfredi, G., Pacchiarotti, I., Girardi, P., Melancholia agitata and mixed depression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 115 (2007), 50–57.
21. Marwaha, S., He, Z., Broome, M., Singh, S.P., Scott, J., Eyden, J., Wolke, D., How is affective instability defined and measured? A systematic review. Psychol. Med. 44 (2014), 1793–1808.
22. Nabavi, B., Mitchell, A.J., Nutt, D., A lifetime prevalence of comorbidity between bipolar affective disorder and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of 52 interview-based studies of psychiatric population. EBioMedicine 2 (2015), 1405–1419.
23. Nierenberg, A.A., Miyahara, S., Spencer, T., Wisniewski, S.R., Otto, M.W., Simon, N., Pollack, M.H., Ostacher, M.J., Yan, L., Siegel, R., Sachs, G.S., STEP-BD Investigators. Clinical and diagnostic implications of lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity in adults with bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 STEP-BD participants. Biol. Psychiatry 57 (2005), 1467–1473.
24. Pacchiarotti, I., Bond, D.J., Baldessarini, R.J., Nolen, W.A., Grunze, H., Licht, R.W., Post, R.M., Berk, M., Goodwin, G.M., Sachs, G.S., Tondo, L., Findling, R.L., Youngstrom, E.A., Tohen, M., Undurraga, J., González-Pinto, A., Goldberg, J.F., Yildiz, A., Altshuler, L.L., Calabrese, J.R., Mitchell, P.B., Thase, M.E., Koukopoulos, A., Colom, F., Frye, M.A., Malhi, G.S., Fountoulakis, K.N., Vázquez, G., Perlis, R.H., Ketter, T.A., Cassidy, F., Akiskal, H., Azorin, J.-M., Valentí, M., Mazzei, D.H., Lafer, B., Kato, T., Mazzarini, L., Martínez-Aran, A., Parker, G., Souery, D., Özerdem, A., McElroy, S.L., Girardi, P., Bauer, M., Yatham, L.N., Zarate, C.A., Nierenberg, A.A., Birmaher, B., Kanba, S., El-Mallakh, R.S., Serretti, A., Rihmer, Z., Young, A.H., Kotzalidis, G.D., MacQueen, G.M., Bowden, C.L., Ghaemi, S.N., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Rybakowski, J., Ha, K., Perugi, G., Kasper, S., Amsterdam, J.D., Hirschfeld, R.M., Kapczinski, F., Vieta, E., The international society for bipolar disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 170 (2013), 1249–1262.
25. Pacchiarotti, I., Nivoli, A.M.A., Mazzarini, L., Kotzalidis, G.D., Sani, G., Koukopoulos, A., Scott, J., Strejilevich, S., Sánchez-Moreno, J., Murru, A., Valentí, M., Girardi, P., Vieta, E., Colom, F., The symptom structure of bipolar acute episodes: in search for the mixing link. J. Affect. Disord. 149 (2013), 56–66.
26. Perugi, G., Angst, J., Azorin, J.M., Bowden, C.L., Mosolov, S., Reis, J., Vieta, E., Young, A.H., Mixed features in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 76 (2015), e351–e358.
27. Perugi, G., Fornaro, M., Akiskal, H.S., Are atypical depression, borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder overlapping manifestations of a common cyclothymic diathesis?. World Psychiatry 10 (2011), 45–51.
28. Rihmer, Z., Dome, P., Gonda, X., Antidepressant response and subthreshold bipolarity in “Unipolar” major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 33 (2013), 449–452.
29. Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Antidepressant-resistant depression and antidepressant-associated suicidal behaviour: the role of underlying bipolarity. Depress. Res. Treat. 2011 (2011), 1–5.
30. Sani, G., Vöhringer, P.A., Napoletano, F., Holtzman, N.S., Dalley, S., Girardi, P., Ghaemi, S.N., Koukopoulos, A., Koukopoulos׳ diagnostic criteria for mixed depression: a validation study. J. Affect. Disord. 164 (2014), 14–18.
31. Serretti, A., Chiesa, A., Calati, R., Linotte, S., Sentissi, O., Papageorgiou, K., Kasper, S., Zohar, J., De Ronchi, D., Mendlewicz, J., Amital, D., Montgomery, S., Souery, D., Influence of family history of major depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide on clinical features in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 263 (2013), 93–103, 10.1007/s00406-012-0322-y.
32. Sharma, V., Khan, M., Smith, A., A closer look at treatment resistant depression: is it due to a bipolar diathesis?. J. Affect. Disord. 84 (2005), 251–257.
33. Spearing, M.K., Post, R.M., Leverich, G.S., Brandt, D., Nolen, W., Modification of the clinical global impressions (CGI) scale for use in bipolar illness (BP): the CGI-BP. Psychiatry Res. 73 (1997), 159–171.
34. Stahl, S.M., Mixed-up about how to diagnose and treat mixed features in major depressive episodes. CNS Spectr. 22 (2017), 111–115.
35. Swann, A.C., Steinberg, J.L., Lijffijt, M., Moeller, G.F., Continuum of depressive and manic mixed states in patients with bipolar disorder: quantitative measurement and clinical features. World Psychiatry 8 (2009), 166–172.
36. Takeshima, M., Oka, T., Association between the so-called “activation syndrome” and bipolar II disorder, a related disorder, and bipolar suggestive features in outpatients with depression. J. Affect. Disord. 151 (2013), 196–202.
37. Tamam, L., Karakus, G., Ozpoyraz, N., Comorbidity of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder: prevalence and clinical correlates. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 258 (2008), 385–393.
38. Vázquez, G., Tondo, L., Baldessarini, R.J., Comparison of antidepressant responses in patients with bipolar vs. unipolar depression: a meta-analytic review. Pharmacopsychiatry 44 (2011), 21–26.
39. Zaninotto, L., Souery, D., Calati, R., Di Nicola, M., Montgomery, S., Kasper, S., Zohar, J., Mendlewicz, J., Robert Cloninger, C., Serretti, A., Janiri, L., Temperament and character profiles in bipolar I, bipolar II and major depressive disorder: impact over illness course, comorbidity pattern and psychopathological features of depression. J. Affect. Disord. 184 (2015), 51–59.