The human risks of bias in medical and rehabilitation research and practice: The eight Is

European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2019, Pages 372-377

  Malmivaara, Antti ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Bias; Biomedical research; Evidence based medicine; General practice

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE PRACTICE; HUMAN; IDENTITY; IDEOLOGY; INTELLIGENCE; REHABILITATION RESEARCH; RISK ASSESSMENT; THINKING; VALIDITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; STATISTICAL BIAS;

BIAS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; REHABILITATION RESEARCH;

EID: 85067269920     PISSN: 19739087     EISSN: 19739095     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.19.05807-6     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under Uncertainty: heuristics and Biases. Science 1974;185:1124-31.
2. Kahneman D, Tversky A. On the reality of cognitive illusions. Psychol Rev 1996;103:582-91, 592-6.
3. MacCoun R, Perlmutter S. Blind analysis: hide results to seek the truth. Nature 2015;526:187-9.
4. Let's think about cognitive bias. Nature 2015;526:163.
5. Malmivaara A. System impact research - increasing public health and health care system performance. Ann Med 2016;48:211-5.
6. Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c869.
7. O'Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med 2014;89:1245-51.
8. Kahan D. Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. An experimental study. Judgm Decis Mak 2013;8:407-12.
9. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Kirkham J, Dwan K, Kramer S, Green S, et al. Bias due to selective inclusion and reporting of outcomes and analyses in systematic reviews of randomised trials of healthcare interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;10.:MR000035.
10. Chan AW, Hróbjartsson A, Haahr MT, Gøtzsche PC, Altman DG. Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles. JAMA 2004;291:2457-65.
11. Flanagin A, Carey LA, Fontanarosa PB, Phillips SG, Pace BP, Lundberg GD, et al. Prevalence of articles with honorary authors and ghost authors in peer-reviewed medical journals. JAMA 1998;280:222-4.
12. Drazen JM, Curfman GD. Financial associations of authors. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1901-2.
13. Bekelman JE, Li Y, Gross CP. Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review. JAMA 2003;289:454-65.
14. Lieb K, von der Osten-Sacken J, Stoffers-Winterling J, Reiss N, Barth J. Conflicts of interest and spin in reviews of psychological therapies: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010606, 2015-010606.
15. Malmivaara A. On decreasing inequality in health care in a cost-effective way. BMC Health Serv Res 2014;14:79.
16. Bellera C, Praud D, Petit-Monéger A, McKelvie-Sebileau P, Soubeyran P, Mathoulin-Pélissier S. Barriers to inclusion of older adults in randomised controlled clinical trials on Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2013;39:812-7.
17. Welch V, Brand K, Kristjansson E, Smylie J, Wells G, Tugwell P. Systematic reviews need to consider applicability to disadvantaged populations: inter-rater agreement for a health equity plausibility algorithm. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012;12:187.
18. Berkowitz SA, Aragon K, Hines J, Seligman H, Lee S, Sarkar U. Do clinical standards for diabetes care address excess risk for hypoglycemia in vulnerable patients? A systematic review. Health Serv Res 2013;48:1299-310.
19. Addo J, Bhalla A, Crichton S, Rudd AG, McKevitt C, Wolfe CD. Provision of acute stroke care and associated factors in a multiethnic population: prospective study with the South London Stroke Register. BMJ 2011;342:d744.
20. Forrest LF, Adams J, Wareham H, Rubin G, White M. Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001376.
21. Gracey M, Burke V, Martin DD, Johnston RJ, Jones T, Davis EA. Assessment of risks of "lifestyle" diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes by anthropometry in remote Australian Aborigines. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007;16:688-97.
22. Araújo C, Pereira M, Laszczyńska O, Dias P, Azevedo A. Sex-related inequalities in management of patients with acute coronary syndrome-results from the EURHOBOP study. Int J Clin Pract 2018;72:72.
23. Araújo C, Laszczyńska O, Viana M, Dias P, Maciel MJ, Moreira I, et al. Quality of Care and 30-day Mortality of Women and Men With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2018;S1885-5857(18)30200-7.
24. Birkmeyer JD, Finks JF, O'Reilly A, Oerline M, Carlin AM, Nunn AR, et al.; Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative. Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1434-42.
25. Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Itälä A, Joukainen A, Nurmi H, et al.; Finnish Degenerative Meniscal Lesion Study (FIDELITY) Group. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2515-24.
26. Chassin MR, Loeb JM, Schmaltz SP, Wachter RM. Accountability measures - using measurement to promote quality improvement. N Engl J Med 2010;363:683-8.
27. Gabbay J, le May A. Mindlines: making sense of evidence in practice. Br J Gen Pract 2016;66:402-3.
28. Welch V, Brand K, Kristjansson E, Smylie J, Wells G, Tugwell P. Systematic reviews need to consider applicability to disadvantaged populations: inter-rater agreement for a health equity plausibility algorithm. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012;12:187.
29. Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2005;2:e124.
30. Rosenbaum L. Understanding bias - the case for careful study. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1959-63.
31. Malmivaara A. Benchmarking Controlled Trial - a novel concept covering all observational effectiveness studies. Ann Med 2015;47:332-40.
32. Malmivaara A. Assessing validity of observational intervention studies - the Benchmarking Controlled Trials. Ann Med 2016;48:440-3.
33. Silagy CA, Middleton P, Hopewell S. Publishing protocols of systematic reviews: comparing what was done to what was planned. JAMA2002;287:2831-4.