Leaders and intelligence

Leaders and Intelligence

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 3-39

  Handel, Michael I ^a  

^a U S ARMY WAR COLLEGE   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85066943962     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203043561     Document Type: Chapter

References (79)

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3. Carl von Clausewitz, The Jena Campaign Source Book (Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas: The General Service Schools Press, 1927), p. 523
4. Admiral 'Blinker' Hall quoted in Patrick Beesly, Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1941-1945 (New York: Harcourt Bruce Jovanovich, 1982), p. 135
5. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York: Macmillan, 1970), p. 244
6. Walter Laqueur, A World of Secrets: The Uses and Limits of Intelligence (New York: Basic Books, 1985), pp. 71-109
7. Thomas L. Hughes, The Fate of Facts in a World of Men-Foreign Policy and Intelligence Making (New York: Foreign Policy Association, December 1976, No. 233)
8. Yehoshafat Harkabi, 'The Intelligence-Policymaker Tangle', The Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 30 (Winter 1984), pp. 125-31
9. Richard K. Berts, 'Policymakers and Intelligence Analysts: Love, Hate or Indifference?' Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 3, No. 1 (January 1988), pp. 184-9
10. Michael Handel, 'The Politics of Intelligence', Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 2, No. 4 (October 1987), pp. 5-46
11. Zvi Offer and Maj. Avi Kober, Modiin VeBitachon Leumi, (Hebrew) (Intelligence and National Security) (Tel Aviv: Ma'arachot, 1987)
12. Robert Jervis, 'Hypothesis on Misperception', World Politics, Vol. 20 (April 1968), pp. 454-79
13. Harkabi, 'The Intelligence-Policymaker Tangle', pp. 125-31
14. Major General Shlomo Gazit (ret.) 'Intelligence Estimates and the Decision-Maker', paper delivered at the Third US Army War College International Conference on Intelligence and Military Operations, May 1988-see below, pp. 261-87
15. Major General (ret.) Sholomo Gazit, 'Estimates and Fortune Telling in Intelligence Work', International Security, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Spring 1981), pp. 36-56
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17. Alexander L. George, 'The Case for Multiple Advocacy in Making Foreign Policy', American Political Science Review (September 1972), pp. 751-95
18. Alexander L. George, Presidential Decision-Making in Foreign Policy: The Effective Use of Information and Advice (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1980), pp. 145-69
19. Richard K. Betts in 'Analysis, War and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures are Inevitable', World Politics, Vol.31 (October 1978), pp. 61-8 9
20. Major General Sir Francis De Guingand, Generals at War (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1969), p. 184
21. Handel, 'Politics of Intelligence,' p. 45, n.97
22. Laqueur, A World of Secrets, pp. 96-8
23. Rear Admiral Edwin T. Layton, Captain Roger Pineau and John Costello, And I was There: Pearl Harbor and Midway-Breaking the Secrets (New York: William Murrow, 1985), p. 406
24. Michael I. Handel (ed.), Strategic and Operational Deception In the Second World War (London: Frank Cass, 1987), 'Introduction: Strategic and Operational Deception in Historical Perspective', pp.30-33
25. C.P. Snow, Appendix to Science and Government (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, p.6
26. Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (ed.), Action This Day: Working With Churchill (London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 177-8
27. Richard Overy, The Air War 1939-1945 (New York: Stein and Day, 1981), pp. 182-3
28. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, Ch. 17, pp. 230-52
29. A.J. Smithers, Rude Mechanicals: An Account of Tank Maturity During the Second World War (London: Leo Cooper, 1987)
30. Raymond Cohen, 'Israeli Military Intelligence before the 1956 Sinai Campaign', Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 3, No. 1 (January 1988), pp. 100-40
31. Laqueur, Intelligence and National Security., p. 7
32. Handel, 'The Politics of Intelligence', pp. 28-29
33. Hughes, The Fate of Facts in the World of Men, p. 20
34. J.A.I. Agar-Hamilton and L.C.F. Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941 (Capetown: Oxford University Press, 1957), p. 96
35. J.A.I. Agar-Hamilton and L.C.F. Turner, Crisis in the Desert: May-July 1942 (Capetown: Oxford University Press, 1952)
36. Agar-Hamilton and Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941, p.99
37. Agar-Hamilton and Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941., p.99
38. Agar-Hamilton and Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941., p. 100
39. Agar-Hamilton and Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941., pp. 100-1
40. Agar-Hamilton and Turner, The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941., pp. 101-2
41. Hans-Otto Behrendt, Rommel's Intelligence in the Desert Campaign (London: William Kimber, 1985)
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43. Brian Urquhart, 'The Last Disaster of the War', The New York Review of Books (24 September 1987), pp. 27-30
44. Brian Urquhart, 'The Last Disaster of the War', The New York Review of Books (24 September 1987)., p. 27
45. Brian Urquhart, 'The Last Disaster of the War', The New York Review of Books (24 September 1987)
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48. Lamb, Montgomery in Europe 1943-1945, p. 224
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50. Liddell Hart, Thoughts on War (London: Faber, 1943) p. 184
51. Lamb, Montgomery in Europe 1943-1945., pp. 225-6
52. Liddell Hart, Thoughts on War (London: Faber, 1943)., p. 227
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55. Herbert Goldhamer, The Adviser (New York: Elsevier, 1978)
56. Gazit, 'Intelligence Estimates and the Decision-Maker' in Offer and Kober (eds.), op.cit., p. 460
57. Harkabi, 'The Intelligence-Policymaker Tangle' in Offer and Kober, (eds.) op.cit., p.652
58. Gazit, 'Intelligence Estimates and the Decision-Maker' in Offer and Kober (eds.), op. cit., p. 463
59. Intelligence At the Top (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969), pp. 118-19
60. William Carr, Hitler: A Study in Personality and Politics (New York: St. Martins, 1979), p. 100
61. Arnold Toynbee, Frank T. Ashton and G. Watkin (eds.), The World in March 1939 (Survey of International Affairs 1939-1946) (London: Oxford University Press, 1952), p. 446
62. Dennis Mack Smith, Mussolini's Roman Empire (New York: TheViking Press, 1976)
63. Mario Cervi, The Hollow Legions: Mussolini's Blunder in Greece 1940-1941 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971)
64. Macgregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed 1939-1941 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982)
65. Saul Friedlander, Forecasting, in International Relations Reprint of Futuribles (Studies in conjecture), edited by Bertrand De Jouvenel, (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1967), pp. 11-111
66. Edmund Bergler, The Psychology of Gambling (New York: International Universities Press, 1970)
67. Michael I. Handel, The Future of Dominant Subordinate Systems', in Jan Triska (ed.), Dominant Powers and Subordinate States (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1986), Ch. 17, pp. 423-39
68. See John Ranelagh, The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986), pp. 454-7
69. Donald McLachlan, Room 39 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986)
70. Samuel Adams, 'Vietnam Cover-Up: Playing War With Numbers', Harper's Magazine (May 1975), pp. 41-4 and 62-73
71. John Ranelagh, The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. Ch. 13, pp. 427-78
72. David Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972)
73. Herbert Schandler, Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam: The Unmaking of a President (Princeton, NI: Princeton University Press, 1977)
74. Thomas Power, The Man Who Kept Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979)
75. Leslie Gelb and Richard K. Betts, The Irony of Vietnam (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1979)
76. James J. Wirtz, 'Explaining the Instance of Intra-War Intelligence Failure: The Americans' Military Response to the 1968 TET Offensive', Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, 1988, p.46
77. James J. Wirtz, 'Explaining the Instance of Intra-War Intelligence Failure: The Americans' Military Response to the 1968 TET Offensive', Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, 1988., p.47
78. Harry G. Summers, On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1984)
79. Patrick Beesly, Very Special Admiral (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1980), p. 126