How much is too much?: Assessing levels of digital alteration of factors in public perception of news media credibility

Visual Communication Quarterly

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 4-13

  Greer, Jennifer D ^a   Gosen, Joseph D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b Brooks Institute of Photography   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85066227366     PISSN: 15551393     EISSN: 15551407     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15551390209363485     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Allen, B., 1998. From the editor. National Geographic, 193 April: 3
2. Angelo, J. M., 1993. Photo manipulation, retouching stirs legal, ethical questions. Knowledge Industry Publications Inc., 11 March: 20
3. The Associated Press. 1997. Survey: People need news but many don't trust the media. USA Today, March 3 June 1, 2002, from http://web.lexix-nexis.com/universe
4. Brown, F., 1998. Distortion of images even if well-meant still a deception. The Quill, 86 January/February: 40
5. 2000. Capital-Journal apologizes for altered photograph. The Topeka Capital-Journal/CJ Online, March 7 Retrieved March 10, 2000, from http://cjonline.com/stories/030800/com_cjphoto.shtml
6. Dykes, J., 1999. Bending reality in the age of digital manipulation. Juxtapoz, 6 March/April: 30–33.
7. Evans, M., 1989. Electronic imaging an open question: Emphatically accurate photos. News Photographer, 44 November: 26
8. Henshall, J., 1998. Beware of false reality. February Retrieved June 1, 2002, from http://www.epi-centre.com/reports/9802bcs.html
9. Holderness, M. 1999. If you Mac it, mark it! National Union of Journalists. November Retrieved June 1, 2002 from http://www.gn.apc.org/media/manip.html
10. Irby, K., 1996. Anatomy Lesson: Commentary from the field. News Photographer, 51 December: 18
11. Kelly, J. D., and Nace, D., 1994. Digital Imaging and believing photos. Visual Communication Quarterly, 1 Winter: 4–5.
12. Kobre, K., 1996. Photojournalism: The professional's approach, (3rd ed.), Boston: Focal Press.
13. Lester, P., Photojournalism issues for the 1990s: Concerns for all teachers of journalism courses. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Montréal, Québec, Canada. August.
14. Lowrey, W., Altered plates: Photo manipulation and the search for news value in the 1920s and 1990s. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Baltimore, MD. August.
15. Meyer, P., 1988. Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers: Developing an index. Journalism Quarterly, 65: 567–574. 588
16. National Press Photographers Association. 1997. Code of Ethics. News Photographer, 52: 26
17. The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. 1999. Striking the balance. Retrieved April 18, 2000, from http://www.people-press.org/press99rpt.htm.
18. Reaves, S., Digital retouching: Is there a place for it in newspaper photography?. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Norman, OK. August.
19. Reaves, S., Photography, pixels and new technology: Is there a paradigm shift?. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Washington, DC. August.
20. Reaves, S., Digital alteration of photographs in magazines: An examination of the ethics. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Washington, DC. August.
21. Reaves, S., 1992. What is wrong with this picture?. Newspaper Research Journal, 13&14 Fall: 131–155. /1993, Winter
22. Reaves, S., 1995. The unintended effects of new technology. News Photographer, 50 July: A11
23. Romenesko, J., 2000. Topeka photographer quits after altering picture. Jim Romenesko's Media News, March 10 Retrieved March 10, 2000, from http://www.poynter.org/medianews/oldin-dexes/030900.htm
24. Rubin, A. M., Perse, E. M., and Powell, R. A., 1985. Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing. Human Communication Research, 12: 155–180.
25. Shaw, D., 1999. Special report: Crossing the line. Los Angeles Times, December 20: V5
26. Terry, D. W., and McBride, M. H., Is seeing believing where silver and silicon meet? A matter of credibility in advertising and news photography contexts. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Montréal, Québec, Canada. August.
27. Van Riper, F., 1994. A cautionary tale. Nieman Reports, 48 Spring: 19
28. Vernon, M. E., 1997. The credibility of news photography in the digital age, Las Vegas: University of Nevada. Unpublished master's thesis
29. Vogt, W. P., 1999. Dictionary of statistics & methodology: A nontechincal guide for the social sciences, (2nd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publications.
30. West, M. D., 1994. Validating a scale for the measurement of credibility: A covariance structure modeling approach. Journalism Quarterly, 71 Spring: 159–168.