The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea

Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies

Volumn 1, Issue , 2013, Pages 263-300

  Ackery, Phillip R ^a   de Jong, Rienk ^b   Vane Wright, Richard I ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^b Naturalis Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85064888898     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (243)

1. Ackery, P. R. (1984): Systematic and faunistic studies on butterflies. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. (Eds.), The biology of butterflies, pp. 9-2 1 . Academic Press, London
2. Ackery, P. R. (1987): The danaid genus Tellervo-a cladistic approach.-Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 89: 203-274
3. Ackery, P. R. (1988): Hostplants and classification: a review of nymphalid butterflies.-Biol J. Linn. Soc. 33: 95-203
4. Ackery, P. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1984): Milkweed butterflies, their cladistics and biology, ix + 425 pp. Cornell University Press
5. Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I: (Eds.) (1995): Carcasson's African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical region, xi + 803 pp. CSIRO, East Melbourne
6. Aiello, A. (1991): Adelpha ixia leucas: immature stages and position within Adelpha (Nymphalidae).-J. Lepid. Soc. 45: 181-187
7. Bates, H. W. (1862): Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley. Lepidoptera: Heliconidae.-Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23: 495-566, 2 pis
8. Baust, J. G. (1967): Preliminary studies on the isolation of pterins from the wings of heliconiid butterflies.-Zoologica 52: 15-20
9. Beccaloni, G. W. & Gaston, K. J. (1994): Predicting the species richness of Neotropical forest butterflies: Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as indicators.-Biol. Conserv. 71: 77-86
10. Bellinger, P. F. (1954): Attraction of zebra males by female pupae.-J. Lepid. Soc. 8: 102
11. Benson, W. W., Brown, K. S. jnr. & Gilbert, L. E. (1976): Coevolution of plants and herbivores: passion flower butterflies.-Evolution 29: 659-680
12. Bethune-Baker, G. T. (1925): A revision of the Liphyrinae with a description of the puparium of Liphyra brassolis and of the pupa of Aslauga vininga and A. lamborni (Lepidoptera).-Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: 199-238, 25 pis
13. Bink, F. (1992): Ecologische atlas van de dagvlinders van Noordwest-Europa, 512 pp. Schuyt & Co., Haarlem
14. Boppré, M. (1984): Redefining "pharmacophagy".-J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 1151-1154
15. Borner, C. (1939): Die Grundlagen meines Lepidopterensystems.-7th Int. Cong. Ent. 2: 1372-1424
16. Brakefield, P. M. (1984): The ecological genetics of quantitative characters of Manióla jurtina and other butterflies. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 167-190. Academic Press, London
17. Brakefield, P. M., Gates, J., Keys, D., Kesbeke, F., Wijngaarden, P. J., Monteiro, A., French, V. & Carroll, 5. B. (1996): Development, plasticity and evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. Nature, Lond. 384: 236-242
18. Brock, J. P. (1971): A contribution towards an understanding of the morphology and phylogeny of the Ditrysian Lepidoptera.-J. nat. Hist. 5: 29-102
19. Brock, J. P. (1990): Origins and phylogeny of butterflies. In Kudrna, O. [Ed.], Butterflies of Europe 2: 209-233
20. Brower, L. P. (1984): Chemical defence in butterflies. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 109-134, 1 pi. Academic Press, London
21. Brown, IC. S. jnr. (1982): Paleoecology and regional patterns of evolution in Neotropical forest butterflies. In Prance, G. T. (Ed.), Biological diversification in the tropics, pp. 255-308. Columbia University Press, New York
22. Brown, IC. S. jnr. (1991): Conservation of Neotropical environments: insects as indicators. In Collins, N. M. & Thomas, J. A. [Eds.], The conservation of insects and their habitats, pp. 349-404. Academic Press, London
23. Brown, IC. S. jnr., Sheppard, P. M. & Turner, J. R. G. (1974): Quaternary refugia in tropical America: evidence from race formation in Heliconius butterflies.-Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 187: 369-378
24. Brown, IC. S. jnr., Trigo, J. R., Francini, R. B., De Moráis, B. B. & Motto, P. C. (1991): Aposematic insects on toxic host plants: coevolution, colonization, and chemical emancipation. In Price, P. W., Lewinsohn, T. M., Fernandes, G. W. & Benson, W. W. [Eds.], Plant-animal interactions. Evolutionary ecology in tropical regions, pp. 375-402. John Wiley & Sons, New York
25. Bryk, F. (1935): Lepidoptera, Parnassiidae. pars II. (Subfam. Parnassiinae). Tierreich 65: li + 790 pp
26. Chai, P. (1986): Field observations and feeding experiments on the responses of rufous-tailed jacamars (Galbula ruflcauda) to free-flying butterflies in a tropical rainforest.-Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 29: 161-189
27. Chai, P. (1990): Relationships between visual characteristics of rainforest butterflies and responses of a specialized insectivorous bird. In Wicksten, M. (Ed.), Adaptive coloration in invertebrates. Proceedings of American Society of Zoologists Symposium. Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
28. Chapman, T. A. (1915): An analysis of the species of the genus Curetis, chiefly based on an examination of the specimens in the Zoological Museum, Tring.-Novit, zool. 22: 80-104, 17 pis
29. Chapman, T. A. (1916): On the pairing of plebeiid blue butterflies (Lycaenidae, tribe Plebeiidi).-Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1916: 156-180, 5 pis
30. Clark, G. C. & Dickson, C. G. C. (1971): Life histories of the South African lycaenid butterflies, xvi + 272 pp. Purnell, Cape Town
31. Clench, H. K. (1955): Revised classification of the butterfly family Lycaenidae and its allies.-Ann. Carneg. Mus. 33: 261-274
32. Collins, N.M. & Morris, M. G. (1985): Threatened swallowtail butterflies of the world The IUCN Red Data Book, vii + 401 pp., 8 pis. IUCN, Gland & Cambridge
33. Common, I. F. B. (1975): Evolution and classification of the Lepidoptera.-A. Rev. Ent. 20: 183-203
34. Common, I. F. B. & Waterhouse, D. F. (1981): Butterflies of Australia, xiv + 682 pp., 49 pis. Angus & Robertson, Sydney
35. Corbet, A. S. & Pendlebury, H. M. (1992): The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula [4th edition, revised by J. N. Eliot], x + 595 pp., 69 pis. + frontispiece. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur
36. Cottrell, C. B. (1984): Aphytophagy in butterflies: its relationship to myrmecophily.-Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 80: 1-57
37. Courtney, S. P. (1986): The ecology of pierid butterflies: dynamics and interactions.-Adv. ecol. Res. 15: 51-131
38. Crane, J. (1957): Imaginai behavior in butterflies of the family Heliconiidae: changing social patterns and irrelevant actions.-Zoologica 42: 135-145, 1 pl
39. D'Abrera, B. (1971-1995): Butterflies of the Australian Region 1-415, subsequently reprinted as 2nd and 3rd editions; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region i-XX, 1-593; Butterflies of the Holarctic Region Part I Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae & Satyridae (partim) 1-185; Part II Satyridae (conci.) & Nymphalidae (partim) i-xix, 186-334; Part III Nymphalidae (conci.), Libytheidae, Riodinidae & Lycaenidae i-ix, 335-524; Butterflies of the Oriental Region Part I Papilionidae, Pieridae & Danaidae i-xxii, 1-244; Part II Nymphalidae, Satyridae & Amathusiidae i-vi, 245-534; Part III Lycaenidae & Riodinidae i-xvi, 535-672; Butterflies of the Neotropical Region Part I Papilionidae & Pieridae i-xvi, 1-172; Part II Danaidae, Ithomiidae & Heliconiidae, Morphidae i-xii, 173-384; Part III Brassolidae, Acraeidae, & Nymphalidae (partim) i-viií, 385-526; Part IV Nymphalidae (partim) i-xiii, 527-678; Part V Nymphalidae (conci.) & Satyridae i-viii, 679-877. Lansdowne, and Hill House, Victoria, Australia
40. de Jong, R. (1972): Systematics and geographic history of the genus Pyrgus in the Palaearctic region (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae).-Tijdschr. Ent. 115: 1-121, 6 pis
41. de Jong, R. (1975): An abdominal scent organ in some female Pyrginae (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae).-Ent. Ber., Amst. 35: 166-169
42. de Jong, R. (1982): Secondary sexual characters in Celaenorrhinus and the delimination of the genus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae).-J. nat. Hist. 16: 695-705
43. de Jong, R. (1983): Revision of the Oriental genus Matapa Moore (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) with discussion of its phylogeny and geographic history.-Zool. Meded. Leiden 57: 243-270
44. de Jong, R. (1987): Superspecies Pyrgus malvae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the East Mediterranean, with notes of phylogenetic and biological relationships.-Zool. Meded. Leiden 61: 483-500
45. de Jong, R., Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. (1996): The classification of butterflies.-Entomologica scand. 27: 65-101
46. Descimon, H. (1983): La pigmentation des lépidoptères: un modèle pour la théorie synthétique de l'évolution.-Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 108: 303-312
47. DeVries, P. J. (1984): Of crazy ants and Curetinae: are Curetis butterflies tended by ants?-Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 80: 59-66
48. DeVries, P. J. (1987): The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, xxii + 327 pp., 50 pis. Princeton University Press, N.J
49. DeVries, P. J. (1990): Enhancement of symbioses between butterfly caterpillars and ants by vibrational communication.-Science 48: 1104-1106
50. DeVries, P. J. (1991): Evolutionary and ecological patterns in myrmecophilous riodinid butterflies. In Huxley, C. R. & Cutler, D. F. [Eds.], Ant-plant interactions, pp. 143-156. Oxford University Press, Oxford
51. DeVries, P. J., Kitching, I. J. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1985): The systematic position of Antirrhea and Caerois, with comments on the classification of the Nymphalidae.-Syst. Ent. 10: 11-32
52. DeVries, P. J., Harvey, D. J. & Kitching, I. J. (1986): The ant associated epidermal organs on the larva of the lycaenid butterfly Curetis regula Evans.-J. nat. Hist. 20: 621-633
53. DeVries, P. J., Schull, J. & Greig, N. (1987): Synchronous nocturnal activity and gregarious roosting in the neotropical skipper butterfly Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae).-Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 89: 89-103
54. Dos Passos, C. F. & Grey, L. P. (1945): A genitalic survey of Argynninae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).-Am. Mus. Novit. (1296), 29 pp
55. Downey, J. C. & Allyn, A. C. (1980): Eggs of Riodinidae.-J. Lepid. Soc. 34: 133-145
56. Drummond, B. A. (1986): Coevolution of ithomiine butterflies and solanaceous plants. In D'Arcy, W. G. [Ed.], Solanaceae: biology and systematics, pp. 307-327. Columbia University Press, New York
57. Ehnbom, K. (1948): Studies of the central and sympathetic nervous system and some sense organs in the head of neuropteroid insects.-Opuse, ent. Suppl. 8, 162 pp
58. Ehrlich, P. R. (1958 a): The integumental anatomy of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae).-Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 38: 1315-1349
59. Ehrlich, P. R. (19586): The comparative morphology, phylogeny and higher classification of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).-Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 39: 305-370
60. Ehrlich, P. R. (1960): The integumental anatomy of the silverspotted skipper, Epargyreus clarus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae).-Microentomology 24: 1-23
61. Ehrlich, P. R. (1984): The structure and dynamics of butterfly populations. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 25-40. Academic Press, London
62. Ehrlich, P. R. & Ehrlich, A. H. (1962): The head musculature of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).-Microentomology 25: 1-89
63. Ehrlich, P. R. & Ehrlich, A. H. (1963): The thoracic and basal abdominal musculature of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).-Microentomology 25: 91-126
64. Ehrlich, P. R. & Raven, P. H. (1965): Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution.-Evolution 18: 586-608
65. Eliot, J. N. (1973): The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement.-Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28: 371-505, 6 pis
66. Ehrlich, P. R. (1986): A review of the Miletini.-Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 53: 1-105
67. Ehrlich, P. R. (1990): Notes on the genus Curetis Hübner (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).-Trans. Lepid. Soc. Japan 41: 201-225
68. Emsley, M. G. (1963): A morphological study of imagine Heliconiinae (Lep.: Nymphalidae) with a consideration of the evolutionary relationships within the group.-Zoologica N. Y. 48: 85-130, 1 pl
69. Evans, W. H. (1937): A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum, xii + 212 pp., 30 pis. British Museum, London
70. Evans, W. H. (1949): A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History), xix + 502 pp., 52 pis. British Museum (Natural History), London
71. Evans, W. H. (1951-5): A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Introduction and group A. Pyrrhopyginae x + 92 pp; Part II. (Groups B, C, D) Pyrginae. Section 1 v + 178 pp; Part III. (Groups E, F, G) Pyrginae. Section 2 c + 246 pp; Part IV (Groups H-P) Hesperiinae and Megathyminae, v + 499 pp. British Museum (Natural History), London
72. Feltwell, J. (1982): Large white butterfly. The biology, biochemistry and physiology of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus).-Series Ent. 18: i-xxvi, 1-535
73. Fiedler, K. (1991): Systematic, evolutionary and ecological implications of myrmecophily within the Lycaenidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).-Bonn. zool. Monogr. 31, 210 pp
74. Ford, E. B. (1941): Studies on the chemistry of pigments in the Lepidoptera, with reference to their bearing on systematics. 1. The Anthoxanthins.-Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 16: 65-90
75. Ford, E. B. (1945): Butterflies, xiv + 368 pp., 72 pis. Collins, London. [Consulted in 1967 reprint of third edn.]
76. Ford, E. B. (1975): Ecological genetics [4th edition], xx + 442 pp. Chapman & Hall, London
77. Fox, R. M. (1967): A monograph of the Ithomiidae (Lepidoptera). Part III. The tribe Mechanitini Fox. Mem. Am. ent. Soc. (22), [iv] + i + 190 pp., frontispiece
78. Freeman, H. A. (1969): Systematic review of the Megathymidae.-J. Lepid. Soc. 23 (Suppl. 1), 58 pp., lpl
79. French, V. (1977): Pattern formation in colour on butterfly wings.-Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 7: 524-529
80. Fukuda, H., Hama, E., Kuzuya, T., Takahashi, A., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, B., Tanaka, H., Wakabayashi, M. & Watanabe, Y. (1987): The life histories of butterflies in Japan 3: i-xxii, 1-373 [including 72 colour pis.] [2nd printing, first published 1984.] Hoikusha Publishing Co., Osaka, Japan
81. Geiger, H. J., Shapiro, A.M. & Llórente, J. (1989): Eucheira socialis Westw. (Pieridae)-loss of genetic variation as a consequence of the population biology and anthropogenic range extension.-Nota lepid. 12 (Suppl. 1): 32
82. Geiger, W. (Ed.) (1987): Tagfalter und ihre Lebensräume, xi + 516 pp. Schweizerischer Bund für Naturschutz, Basel
83. Gilbert, L. E. (1983): Coevolution and mimicry. In Futuyma, D. S. & Slatkin, M. (Eds.), Coevolution, pp. 263-281. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass
84. Hancock, D. L. (1983): Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach.-Smithersia 2: 1-4 8
85. Haribal, M. (1992): The butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their natural history, 220 pp., 60 pis. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation, Gangtok, Sikkim
86. Harvey, D. J. (1987): The higher classification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera), vii + 215 + 1 pp. PhD Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin
87. Harvey, D. J. (1991): Higher classification of the Nymphalidae. In Nijhout, H. F., The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns, pp. 255-273. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington/London
88. Häuser, C. L. (1993 a): Critical comments on the phylogenetic relationships within the family Papilionidae (Lepidoptera).-Nota lepid. 16: 34-43
89. Häuser, C. L. (1993 6): An annotated checklist of the species of the Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).-Tijd. v. Ent. 136: 137-146
90. Häuser, C. L. (1993 c): The internal genital organs in butterflies (Rhopalocera): comparative morphology and phylogenetic interpretation (Insecta, Lepidoptera).-Zool. Jb., Abt. für Systematik 120: 389-439
91. Headlee, T. J. (1907): A study in butterfly wing-venation, with special regard to the radial vein of the forewing.-Smithsonian Misc. Colins 48: 284-296, 5 pis
92. Heath, A. (1977): Early stages of a remarkable species of African Pieridae (Lepidoptera).-Arnoldia, Zimbabwe 8(16): 1-3
93. Henning, S. F. (1983 e): Biological groups within the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera).-J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr. 46: 65-85
94. Henning, S. F. (1983 b): Chemical communication between lycaenid larvae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).-J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr. 46: 341-366
95. Hering, E. M. (1958): Die Tegula der Lepidoptera, ihre Funktion und taxonomische Verwertbarkeit.-Int. Congr. Eni. (10) 1: 303-312
96. Hessel, J. H. (1966): A preliminary comparative anatomical study of the mesothoracic aorta of the Lepidoptera.-Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 59: 1217-1227
97. Hessel, J. H. (1969): The comparative morphology of the dorsal vessel and accessory structures of the Lepidoptera and its phylogenetic implications.-Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 62: 353-370
98. Hinton, H. E. (1974): Lycaenid pupae that mimic anthropoid heads.-J. Ent. (A) 49: 65-69
99. Hiura, I. (1980): A phylogeny of the genera of Parnassiinae based on analysis of wing pattern, with description of a new genus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).-Bull. Osaka Mus. Nat. Hist. 33: 71-95
100. Igarashi, S. (1979): Papilionidae and their early stages, 2 vols, 218+ [xv] pp., 273 + 102 pis. Kodansha, Tokyo
101. Igarashi, S. (1984): The classification of the Papilionidae mainly based on the morphology of their immature stages.-Trans. Lep. Soc. Japan 34: 41-96
102. Igarashi, S. (1987): On the life history of Teinopalpus imperialis Hope in northern India and its phylogenetic position in the Papilionidae.-Trans. Lep. Soc. Japan 38: 115-151
103. Igarashi, S. (1992): New problems on the genus Choaspes (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae).-Butterflies 1: 20-25
104. Jordan, K. (1898): Contributions to the morphology of Lepidoptera.-Novit, zool. 5: 374-415, 2 pis
105. Jordan, K. (1902): Das Mesosternit der Tagfalter.-Verh. Congr. Zool. 5: 816-830, 3 pis
106. Jordan, K. (1923): On a sensory organ found on the head of many Lepidoptera.-Novit, zool. 30: 155-158, l p l
107. Jordan, K. (1928): On Eumesia semiargentea Feld. (1867), with remarks on the nomenclatorial status of artifacts and on the wing bases and tegulae of Lepidoptera.-Novit, zool. 34: 141-146, figs. 31-39
108. Kaishoven, L. G. E. (1981): The pests of crops in Indonesia [revised by P. A. van der Laan], xix + 701 pp. P. T. Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve, Jakarta
109. Kielland, J. (1990): Butterflies of Tanzania 363 pp. [incl. 68 pis.]. Hill House, Melbourne/London
110. Kirby, W. F. (1871): A synonymic catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera, viii + 690 pp. John Van Voorst, London
111. Klots, A. B. (1933): A generic revision of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera).-Entomologica am. 12: 139-242, 9 pis
112. Kristensen, N. P. (1976): Remarks on the family-level phylogeny of butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera).-Z. Zool. Syst. EvolForsch 14: 25-33
113. Kuyten, P. J. (1974): On the occurrence of a hitherto unknown wing-thorax coupling mechanism in Lepidoptera.-Neth. J. Zool. 24: 317-322
114. Larsen, T. B. (1984): Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its neighbours, 160 pp. Stacey International, London
115. Larsen, T. B. (1990): The butterflies of Egypt, 112 pp. American University Press, Cairo
116. Larsen, T. B. (1991): The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history, xxii + 490 + ii pp., 64 pis. Oxford University Press
117. Le Moult, E. (1950): Revision de la classification des Apaturinae de l'ancien monde suivie d'une monographie de plusiers genres.-Miscnea ent. (Suppl.) 1: 1-68, 19 pis
118. Lindsey, A. W., Bell, E. L. & Williams, R. C. jnr. (1931): The Hesperioidea of North America.-J. scient. Labs Denison Univ. 26: 1-1 4 2
119. Llorente-Bousquets, J. (1983): Sinopsis sistematica y biogeographica de los Dismorphiinae de Mexico con especial referencia al genero Enantia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae).-Folia ent. mex. 58, 207 pp
120. Ma, W. C. & Schoonhoven, L. M. (1973): Tarsal contact chemosensory hairs of the large white butterfly Pier is brassicae and their possible role in oviposition behaviour.-Entomologia exp. appi. 16: 343-357
121. Mabille, P. (1903-4): Lepidoptera Rhopalocera Fam. Hesperidae [sic.]. In Wytsman, P. A. G. Genera Insectorum 17: [ii] + 210 pp., 4 pis
122. Magnus, D. (1958): Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bionomie und Ethologie des Kaisermantels Argynnis paphia L. (Lep. Nymph.) I. über optische Auslöser von Anfliegereaktionen und ihre Bedeutung für das Sichfinden der Geschlechter.-Z. Tierpsychol. 15:397-426
123. Malcolm, S. B. & Zalucki, M. P. [Eds.] (1993): Biology and conservation of the Monarch butterfly, [xi] + 4 19 pp. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California
124. Malicky, H. (1969): Versuch einer Analyse der ökologischen Beziehungen zwischen Lycaeniden (Lepidoptera) und Formiciden (Hymenoptera).-Tijdschr. Ent. 112: 213-298
125. Malicky, H. (1970): New aspects on the association between lycaenid larvae (Lycaenidae) and ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera).-J. Lepid. Soc. 24: 190-202
126. Martin, J. A. & Pashley, D. P. (1992): Molecular systematic analysis of butterfly family and some subfamily relationships (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea).-Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 85: 127-135
127. Michener, C. D. (1942): A generic revision of the Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).-Am. Mus. Novit. (1197), 8 pp
128. Mikkola, K. (1977): The flight speed of Charaxes jasius (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).-Notul. ent. 57: 125-126
129. Miller, J. S. (1987a): Host-plant relationships in the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): parallel cladogenesis or colonization?-Cladistics 3: 105-120
130. Miller, J. S. (1987 è): Phylogenetic studies in the Papilioninae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).-Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 186: 365-512
131. Miller, L. D. (1968): The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera).-Mem. Am. Ent. Soc. (24), [i-vi], i-iii, 1-174
132. Minet, J. (1986): Ebauche d'une classification moderne de l'ordre des Lépidoptères.-Alexanor 15: 291-313
133. Minet, J. (1991): Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata).-Ent. scand. 22: 69-95
134. Morishita, K. (1980): The nama group of the genus Hestina (Lep. Nymphalidae).-Rhop. Mag. 3 (3): 2-2 8
135. Motono, A. & Negishi, N. (1989): Butterflies of Laos, 215 pp. [incl. 6 + [ii] +118 pis.]. Kirihara Shoten, Tokyo
136. Munroe, E. (1961): The classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera).-Can. Ent., Suppl. (17), 51 pp
137. Munroe, E. & Ehrlich, P. R. (1960): Harmonization of concepts of higher classification of the Papilionidae.-J. Lepid. Soc. 14: 169-175
138. Nahrstedt, A. & Davis, R. H. (1981): The occurrence of the cyanoglucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in Acraea and Heliconius butterflies.-Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 68 B: 575-577
139. Nahrstedt, A. & Davis, R. H. (1983): Occurrence, variation and biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in species of the Heliconiini (Insecta: Lepidoptera).-Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75 B: 65-73
140. Nekrutenko, Y. P. (1990): Butterflies of the Caucasus: keys to their identification (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae, Danaidae), 215 pp + 32 pis. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. [In Russian]
141. Nguyen, T. H. (1985): Le polymorphisme et le mimétisme d'Idrusia nyctelius Doubleday [Lep. Nymphalidae].-Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 90: 1083-1102, 1 pl
142. Nielsen, E. S. & Common, I. F. B. (1991): Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The insects of Australia [2nd edn.] 2: 817-915. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victoria
143. Nijhout, H. F. (1991): The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns, xvi + 297 pp., 8 pis. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington & London
144. Obara, Y. (1970): Studies on the mating behaviour of the white cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. III. Near-ultra-violet reflection as the signal of intraspecific communication.-Z. vergi. Physiol. 69: 99-116
145. Okano, K. (1987): The check list of libytheid butterflies in the world, with some bibliographical observations.-Tokurana (13), 12 pp
146. Otero, L. D. (1990): The stridulatory organ in Hamadryas (Nymphalidae): preliminary observations.-J. Lepid. Soc. 44: 285-288
147. Otsuka, K. [Ed.] (1988, 1991): Butterflies of Borneo 1: i-x x, 1-61 [Japanese text], i-xxi, 1-61 [English translation], 80 pis; 2(1) Lycaenidae: i-x, 1-139 [Japanese text], i-x, 1-113 [English translation], 70 pis. 2 (2) Hesperiidae + Addendum of vol. 1: i-x i i, 1-8 9 [Japanese text], i-x i, 1-8 3 [English translation], 48 pis. Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo
148. Papageorgis, C. (1975): Mimicry in neotropical butterflies.-Am. Scient. 63: 522-532
149. Parsons, M. (1989): Taxonomic studies in New Guinea and Solomons Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), and discovery of abdominal scent organs in the females of various Nymphalinae genera.-Occ. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 29: 174-192
150. Parsons, M. (1991): Butterflies of the Bulolo-Wau Valley. Handbk Wau Ecol. Instit. (12), [viii] + 280 pp
151. Pennington, K.M. (1978): Butterflies of southern Africa [Eds. C. G. C. Dickson & D. M. Kroon], 670 pp. [incl. 198 pis.], 1 map. Ad. Donker, Johannesburg. [2nd edition published 1994.]
152. Philpott, A. (1924): The tibial strigli of the Lepidoptera.-Trans. N. Z. Inst. 55: 215-224
153. Pierce, N. E. (1984): Amplified species diversity: a case study of an Australian lycaenid butterfly and its attendant ants. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 197-200. Academic Press, London
154. Pierce, N. E. & Elgar, M. A. (1985): The influence of ants on host plant selection by Jalmenus evagoras, a myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly.-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16: 209-222
155. Pierce, N. E., Nash, D. R., Baylis, M. & Carper, E. R. (1991): Variation in the attractiveness of lycaenid butterfly larvae to ants. In Huxley, C. R. & Cutler, D. F., Ant-plant interactions, pp. 131-142. Oxford University Press
156. Pierre, J. (1985): Morphologie des griffes des Acraeinae (Lepidopteres Nymphalides).-C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris (3) 300: 333-336
157. Pierre, J. (1987): Systématique cladistique chez les Acraea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).-Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (N. S.) 23: 11-27
158. Pinratana, A. (1977-88): Butterflies in Thailand 1: xi + 91 pp., [90] pis.; 2: v + 71 pp., 48 pis.; 3: xxx + 109 + [i] pp., 108 pis.; 4: viii + 215 pp., 36 pis., 1 map 5: vi + 152 pp., 40 pis.; 6: ix + 60 + [ii] pp., 44 pis. Viratham Press, Bangkok
159. Poulton, E. B. (1908): Essays on evolution, 479 pp. Clarendon Press, Oxford
160. Raubenheimer, D. (1989): Cyanoglycoside cynocardin from Acraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae). Possible implications from evolution of acraeine host choice.-J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 2177-2189
161. Robbins, R. K. (1980): The lycaenid "false head" hypothesis: historical review and quantitative analysis.-J. Lepid. Soc. 34: 194-208
162. Robbins, R. K. (1982): How many butterfly species?-News Lepid. Soc. 1982:40-41
163. Robbins, R. K. (1986): Independent evolution of "false head" behavior in Riodinidae.-J. Lepid. Soc. 39: 224-225
164. Robbins, R. K. (1988a): Comparative morphology of the butterfly foreleg, coxa and trochanter (Lepidoptera) and its systematic implications.-Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 90: 133-154
165. Robbins, R. K. (19886): Male foretarsal variation in Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, and the systematic placement of Styx infernalis (Lepidoptera).-Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 90: 356-368
166. Robbins, R. K. (1990): Systematic implications of butterfly leg structures that clean the antennae.-Psyche, Camb. 96: 209-222
167. Rydon, A. H. B. (1971): The systematics of the Charaxidae (Lepidoptera: Nymphaloidea).-Entomologist's Ree. J. Var. 83: 219-233, 283-287, 310-316, 336-341, 384-388, 3 pis
168. Sattler, K. (1991): A review of wing reduction in Lepidoptera.-Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 60: 243-288
169. Schmitt, J. B. (1938): The feeding mechanism of adult Lepidoptera.-Smithson. misc. Colins 97 (4): 28 pp
170. Schulz, S., Boppré, M. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1993): Specific mixtures of secretions from male scent organs of Kenyan milkweed butterflies (Danainae).-Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 342: 161-181
171. Schwanwitsch, B. N. (1924): On the ground-plan of wing-pattern in nymphalids and certain other families of the rhopalocerous Lepidoptera.-Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 34: 509-528, 4 pis
172. Schwartz, A. (1989): The butterflies of Hispaniola, xiv + 580 pp., frontispiece. University of Gainesville Press, Florida
173. Scoble, M. J. (1986): The structure and affinities of the Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies.-Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 53: 251-286
174. Scoble, M. J. (1988): Hedylidae: a response to Weintraub and Miller.-Cladistics 4: 93-96
175. Scoble, M. J. (1990a): A catalogue of the Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea), with descriptions of two new species.-Ent. scand. 21: 113-119
176. Scoble, M. J. (1990b): An identification guide to the Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea).-Ent. scand. 21: 121-158
177. Scoble, M. J. (1992): The Lepidoptera: form, function and diversity, xi + 404 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford
178. Scoble, M. J. & Aiello, A. (1990): Moth-like butterflies (Hedylidae: Lepidoptera): a summary, with comments on the egg.-J. nat. Hist. 24: 159-164
179. Scott, J. A. (1985): The phylogeny of butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea).-J Res. Lepid. 23: 241-281
180. Scott, J. A. (1986): The butterflies of North America; a natural history and field guide, [xvi] + 583 pp., 64 pis. Stanford University Press, California
181. Scott, J. A. & Wright, D. M. (1990): Butterfly phylogeny and fossils. In Kudrna, O. [Ed.], Butterflies of Europe 2: 152-208
182. Scriber, J. M. (1984): Larval foodplant utilization by the world Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): latitudinal gradients reappraised.-Tokurana (6/7), 50 pp
183. Sellier, R. (1972): Etude ultrastructurale en microscopie électronique à balayage et essai d'interprétation du mode de fonctionnement des poils androconiaux alaires chez les Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera).-C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris (D) 275: 2239-2242, 4 pis
184. Shapiro, A.M. (1984): Experimental studies on the evolution of seasonal polyphenism. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 297-307. Academic Press, London
185. Sheppard, P. M., Turner, J. R. G., Brown, K. S. jnr., Benson, W. W. & Singer, M. C. (1985): Genetics and the evolution of Muellerian mimicry in Heliconius butterflies.-Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 308: 433-610, 4 pis
186. Shields, O. (1985): Zoogeography of the Libytheidae (snouts or breaks [sic]).-Tokurana (9), 58 pp
187. Shields, O. (1987): A review of migration in Libytheidae.-Tokurana No. 12 (2), 14 pp
188. Shirôzu, T. & Yamomoto, H. (1956): A generic revision and the phylogeny of the tribe Theclini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).-Sieboldia 1: 329-421
189. Shirôzu, T. & Yamomoto, H. (1957): Systematic position of the genus Curetis (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).-Sieboldia 2: 43-51
190. Silberglied, R. E. & Taylor, O. R. (1978): Ultraviolet reflection and its behavioral role in the courtship of the sulfur butterflies, Colias eurytheme and C. philodice (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 3: 203-243
191. Smith, D. A. S. (1976): Phenotypic diversity, mimicry and natural selection in the African butterfly Hypolimnas misippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).-Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8: 183-204
192. Smith, D. A. S. & Gordon, I. J. (1987): The genetics of the butterfly Hypolimnas misippus (L.): the classification of phenotypes and the inheritance of forms misippus and inaria.-Heredity 59: 467-475
193. Spuler, A. (1892): Zur Phylogenie und Ontogenie des Fliigelgeäders der Schmetterlinge.-Z. wis s. Zool. 53: 597-646, 2 pis
194. Stehr, F. W. (1987): Immature insects, xii + 754 pp. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa
195. Steinbrecht, R. A. & Pulker, H. K. (1980): Interference reflectors in golden butterfly cuticle, a system to test for shrinking or swelling in EM preparation. In Brederoo, P. & de Priester, W. [Eds.], Electron microscopy 1980 2: 754-755. Leiden
196. Stempffer, H. (1967): The genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).-Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. Ent., Suppl. (10): 322 pp
197. Stichel, H. (1910-11): Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Riodinidae, Allgemeines-Subfam. Riodinidae. In Wytsman, P. A. G. [Ed.], Genera Insectorum 112: [ii] + 452 pp., 27 pis
198. Swynnerton, C. F. M. (1926): An investigation into the defences of butterflies of the genus Charaxes.-3rd Int. Congr. Ent. 2: 478-506, 1 pi
199. Thomas, J. A., Eimes, G. W., Wardlaw, J. C. & Woyciechowski, M. (1989): Host specificity among Maculinea butterflies in Myrmica ant nests.-Oecolegia 79: 452-457
200. Tillyard, R. J. (1919): The panorpoid complex. Part 3: the wing-venation.-Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 44: 533-718, 5 pis
201. Tsukada, E. [Ed.] (1982): Butterflies of the South East Asian islands I Papilionidae: 459 pp., incl. 166 pis.; II Pieridae, Danaidae: 628 pp., incl. 162 pis.; Ill Satyridae, Libytheidae: 500 pp., incl. 113 pis.; IV: Nymphalidae (I): 558 pp., incl. 158 pis. Plapac Co., Ltd. V: Nymphalidae (II): 576 pp., incl. 238 pis. Azumino Butterflies Research Institute
202. Turner, J. R. G. (1975): A tale of two butterflies.-Nat.Hist., N. Y. 84 (2): 28-37
203. Turner, J. R. G. (1984): Mimicry: the palatability spectrum and its consequences. In Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.], The biology of butterflies, pp. 141-161. Academic Press, London
204. Umebachi, Y. (1977): Distribution of papiliochrome in papilionid butterflies.-Sci. Rep., Kanazawa Univ. 22: 187-195
205. Umebachi, Y. (1978): Red pigments in the wings of papilionid butterflies. Extraction and purification-Sci. Rep., Kanazawa Univ. 23: 119-128
206. Umebachi, Y. & Aburano, Y. (1978): The presence or absence of β-alananine in the wing-scales of butterflies.-Sci. Rep., Kanazawa Univ. 23: 43-55
207. Vane-Wright, R. I. (1972): Pre-courtship activity and a new scent organ in butterflies.-Nature 239: 338-339
208. Vane-Wright, R. I. (1978): Ecological and behavioural origins of diversity in butterflies. In Mound, L. A. & Waloff, N. [Eds.], Diversity of insect faunas, pp. 56-70, 2 pis. Blackwells, Oxford
209. Vane-Wright, R. I. & Ackery, P. R. [Eds.] (1984): The biology of butterflies, xxiv + 429 pp., 4 pis. Academic Press, London (= Symp. R. ent. Soc. Lond. no. 11)
210. Vane-Wright, R. I. & Boppré, M. (1993): Visual and chemical signalling in butterflies: functional and phylogenetic perspectives.-Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 340: 197-205, 2 pis
211. Vane-Wright, R. I., Ackery, P. R. & Smiles, R. L. (1977): The polymorphism, mimicry, and host plant relationships of Hypolimnas butterflies.-Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 9: 285-297
212. Van Son, G. (1979): The butterflies of southern Africa. Transv. Mus. Mem. (22), x + 286 pp., 76 pis
213. Vazquez, L. & Perez, H. (1961): Observaciones sobre la biologia de Baronia brevicornis Salv. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae-Baroninae [sic]).-An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Méx. 32: 295-311
214. Vazquez, L. & Perez, H. (1967): Nuevas observaciones sobre la biologia de Baronía brevicornis Salv. Lepidoptera: Papilionidae-Baroniinae.-An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Méx. 37: 195-204
215. Venables, A. (1993): Phylogeny of the white and sulphur butterflies (Pieridae). Unpublished dissertation project proposal (25 + 9 + 7 + 3 + 4 + 8 pp., 18 figs.). Made available by Dr. R. K. Robbins, NMNH, Washington
216. Voss, E. G. (1952): On the classification of the Hesperiidae.-Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 45: 246-258
217. Warren, B. C. S. (1944): Review of the classification of the Argynnidi, with a systematic revision of the genus Boloria.-Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 94: 1-101, 46 pis
218. Watson, E. Y. (1893): A proposed classification of the Hesperiidae, with a revision of the genera.-Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893: 3-132, 3 pis
219. Weidemann, H.-J. (1986): Tagfalter 1, Entwicklung-Lebensweise, 282 pp. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen
220. Weidemann, H.-J. (1988): Tagfalter 2, Biologie-ökologie-Biotopschutz, 372 pp. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen
221. Weintraub, J. D. & Miller, J. S. (1987). [Review.] The structure and affinities of the Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies.-Cladistics 3: 299-304
222. Westwood, J. O. (1834): Descriptions of the nest of a gregarious species of butterfly from Mexico.-Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1: 38-44, I pi
223. Whalley, P. (1988): Butterfly and moth, 64 pp. Dorling Kindersley, London
224. Wiklund, S. (1977): Courtship behaviour in relation to female monogamy in Leptidea sinapis (Lepidoptera).-Oikos 29: 275-283
225. Williams, C. B. (1930): The migration of butterflies, xi + 473 pp. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh
226. Aubert, J., Barascud, B., Descimon, H. & Michel, F. (1996): Systématique moléculaire des Argynnes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris (3) Sciences de la Vie 319: 647-651
227. Brower, A. V. Z. (1997): The evolution of ecologically important characters in Heliconius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a cladistic review.-Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 457-472
228. Brower, A. V. Z. & Egen, M. G. 1997. Cladistic analysis of Heliconius butterflies and relatives (Nymphalidae Heliconiiti): a revised phylogenetic position for Eueides based on sequences for mtDNA and a nuclear gene.-Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264: 969-977
229. DeVries, R J. (1997): The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history 2 Riodinidae, xxv + 288 pp., 25 pis., 1 map. Princeton University Press, N. J
230. Henning, S. F. (1989): The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa vii + 457 pp., frontispiece. Aloe Books, Johannesburg
231. Hesselbarth, G., Van Oorschot, H. & Wagener, S. (1995): Die Tagfalter der Türkei unter Berücksichtigung der angrenzenden Länder 1: 1-754; 2: 755-1354; 3: 1-847. Sigbert Wagener, Bocholt, Germany
232. Igarashi, S. & Fukuda, H. (1997): The life histories of Asian butterflies 1, xix + 550 pp. Tokai University Press, Tokyo
233. Io, C. (ed.), (1994): Monograph of Chinese butterflies 1: i vili, 1-408; 2: 409-854. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House
234. Koiwaya, S. (1989-1996): Studies of Chinese butterflies 1: 1-240; 2: 1-113; 3: 1-285. Satoshi Koiwaya, Tokyo, Japan
235. Lamas, G., Robbins, R. G. & Field, W. D. (1995): Bibliography of butterflies: an annotated bibliography of Neotropical butterflies and skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea).-Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera 124: i-xiv, 1-463
236. Neild, A. F. E. (1996): The butterflies of Venezuela. 1 Nymphalidae 1 (Limenitidinae, Apaturinae, Charaxinae), 146 pp., 32 pis. Meridian Publications, Greenwich, London
237. Parsons, M.J. (1996a): Gondwanan evolution of the troidine swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): cladistic reappraisals using mainly immature stage characters, with focus on the birdwings Ornithoptera Boisduval.-Bull. Kitakyushu, Mus. Nat. Hist. 15: 43-118
238. Parsons, M. J. (19960): A phylogenetic reappraisal of the birdwing genus Ornithoptera (Lepidoptera: Pailionidae: Troidini) and a new theory of its evolution in relation to Gondwanan vicariance biogeography.-J. nat. Hist. 30: 1707-1736
239. Pinratana, A. & Eliot, J. N. (1996): Butterflies in Thailand 3 Nymphalidae [2nd and revised edition], vii + 140 pp., 84 pis. Brothers of St. Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok
240. Tennent, J. (1996): The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia xxxvi + 217 pp. Gem Publishing Company, Wallingford, Oxfordshire
241. Tsikolovets, V. V. (1997): The butterflies of Pamir (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). 282 pp. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, Slovakia
242. Tyler, H. A., Brown, K. S. jr & Wilson, K. H. (1994): Swallowtail butterflies of the Americas 376 pp. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers
243. Weiler, S. J. & Pashley, D. P. (1995): In search of butterfly origins.-Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1: 235-246