Israelite literacy: Interpreting the evidence

Vetus Testamentum

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 239-253

  Young, Ian M ^a  

^a NONE   (Australia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85064757647     PISSN: 00424935     EISSN: 15685330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568533982721730     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. E.A. Speiser in C. Kraeling and R.M. Adams (ed.), City Invincible A Symposium on Urbanization and Cultural Development in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, 1960), p. 119.
2. J. Naveh, "A Paleographic Note on the Distribution of the Hebrew Script", HTR 61 (1968), p. 68;
3. A. Demsky, "On the Extent of Literacy in Ancient Israel", in Janet Amitai (ed.), Biblical Archaeology Today Proceedings of the International Congress on Biblical Archaeology Jerusalem, April 1984 (Jerusalem, 1985), p. 351;
4. "Writing in Ancient Israel and Early Judaism, Part One: The Biblical Period", in MJ. Mulder (ed.), Mikra, Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (Assen, Maastricht and Philadelphia, 1988), p. 15.
5. E. Lipihski, "Royal and state scribes in Ancient Jerusalem", SVT 40 (1988), pp. 163-4, interprets the evidence as indicating different types of scribes.
6. "The practice of Writing in Ancient Israel", BA 35 (1972), pp. 107-8;
7. "An Assessment of the Evidence for Writing in Ancient Israel", Biblical Archaeology Today (n. 6), pp. 303-6;
8. "The Question of Israelite Literacy", Bible Review 3 (1987), p. 25;
9. "Literacy: Ancient Israel", Anchor Bible Dictionary 4 (New York, 1992), pp. 338-40.
10. S. Warner, "The alphabet: an innovation and its diffusion", VT 30 (1980), pp. 81-90.
11. L. Stone, "Literacy and Education in England 1640-1900", Past and Present 42 (1969), pp. 69-139
12. "the availability and type of writing materials in Israel had an adverse effect upon its literacy rate". Millard ([n. 7] 1985), pp. 303-5
13. M.O. Wise, "Accidents and Accidence: A Scribal View of Linguistic Dating of the Aramaic Scrolls from Qumran", Abr-Nahrain Supplement 3 (1992), p. 157
14. A. Lemaire, Les ecoles et la formation de la Bible dans Vancient Israel (Fribourg and Gottingen, 1981);
15. "Sagesse et ecoles", VT 34 (1984), pp. 270-81.
16. J.L. Crenshaw, "Education in Ancient Israel", JBL 104 (1985), pp. 601-15
17. D.W. Jamieson-Drake, Scribes and Schools in Monarchic Judah A Socio-Archaeobgical Approach (Sheffield, 1991), p. 156
18. F.W. Golka, "Die israelitische Weisheitsschule oder 'Des Kaisers neue Kleider'", VT 33 (1983), pp. 257-70;
19. M. Haran, "On the diffusion of literacy and schools in ancient Israel", SVT 40 (1988), pp. 81-95;
20. S. Weeks, Early Israelite Wisdom (Oxford, 1994), pp. 132-56.
21. R. Thomas, Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, 1992), p. 170.
22. J.H. Eaton, Kingship and the Psalms (2nd edn, Sheffield, 1986), pp. 172-7.
23. G. Fohrer, Introduction to the Old Testament (Nashville and New York, 1968; London, 1970), p. 452
24. Einleitung in das Alte Testament (12th edn, Heidelberg, 1979), p. 496;
25. R.L. Smith, Micah-Malachi (Waco, 1984), p. 93.
26. W. McKane, Prophets and Wise Men (London, 1965), pp. 15-47;
27. S.B. Parker, "Revolutions in Northern Israel", in G. MacRae (ed.), Society of Biblical Literature 1976 Seminar Papers (Missoula, 1976), p. 319.
28. G. von Rad, The Message of the Prophets (London, 1968), pp. 118-19
29. Theologie des Alten Testaments 2 (Munich, 1960), p. 158.
30. e.g. W.H. Schmidt, Introduction to the Old Testament (London and New York, 1984), p. 213
31. Einfuhrung in das Alte Testament (Berlin and New York, 1979), pp. 213-14.
32. J.M. Hadley, "The Khirbet el-Qpm inscription", VT 37 (1987), p. 53
33. W.H. Shea, "The Khirbet el-Qpm tomb inscription again", VT 40 (1990), pp. 110-11.
34. D. Pardee, Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Letters (Chico, 1982), pp. 67-114.
35. Stores Officer or even governor of Arad. For the Arad Inscriptions see Y. Aharoni, Arad Inscriptions (Jerusalem, 1981).
36. J.M. Miller, "The Elisha Cycle and the Account of the Omride Wars", JBL 85 (1966), pp. 441-55.
37. H. te Velde, "Scribes and Literacy in Ancient Egypt", in H.LJ. Vanstiphout, K. Jongeling, F. Leemhuis and G.J. Reinink (ed.), Scripta Signa Vocis Studies about Scripts, Scriptures, Scribes and Languages in the Near East presented to J.H. Hospers (Groningen, 1986), p. 260.
38. PJ. Achtemeier, "Omne Verbum Sonat: The New Testament and the Oral Environment of Late Western Antiquity", JBL 109 (1990), pp. 12-13.
39. S. Franklin, "Literacy and Documentation in Early Medieval Russia", Speculum 60 (1985), p. 9.
40. P.C. Craigie, The Book of Deuteronomy (Grand Rapids, 1976), p. 171.
41. F. Landsberger, "The Origin of the Decorated Mezuzah", HUCA 31 (1960), pp. 157-8.
42. J. Leveen, "The Meaning of wayyiktob in Judges viii, 14", JRAS (1948), pp. 61-2
43. See e.g. J. Macdonald, "The Status and Role of the Ncfar in Israelite Society", JNES 35 (1976), pp. 147-70;
44. J.A. Soggin, Judges A Commentary (London, 1981), pp. 154-5;
45. P.K. McCarter, Ii Samuel A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary (Garden City, New York, 1984), pp. 95-6;
46. Weinfeld in Biblical Archaeology Today (n. 6), p. 367.
47. R.N. Whybray, "The Social World of the Wisdom Writers", in R.E. Clements (ed.), The World of Ancient Israel (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 227-50;
48. W.H. Brownlee, "The Composition of Habakkuk", Hommages a Andre Dupont Sommer (Paris, 1971), p. 263
49. .H. Floyd, "Prophecy and Writing in Habakkuk 2, 1-5", ZAW 105 (1993), pp. 462-81
50. E.L. Curtis and A.A. Madsen, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on The Books of the Chronicles (Edinburgh, 1910), pp. 415-16
51. R.B. Dillard, 2 Chronicles (Waco, 1987), pp. 167-8.
52. B. Lang, Monotheism and the Prophetic Minority: An Essay in Biblical History and Sociology (Sheffield, 1983), p. 68.
53. A.R. Millard, "La Prophetie et L'Ecriture Israel, Aram, Assyrie", RHR 202 (1985), pp. 125-45.
54. SJ. DeVries, 1 Kings (Waco, 1985), p. 208.
55. A. Rofe, "The Classification of the Prophetical Stories", JBL 89 (1970), pp. 427-40