Vectors for gene transfer and expression in animal cells

Mammalian Cell Biotechnology in Protein Production

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 65-86

  Sandig, Volker ^a   Lieber, Andre ^a   Strauss, Michael ^a  

^a MAX DELBRÜCK CENTER FOR MOLECULAR MEDICINE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85064632214     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (135)

1. Adams, A. (1987) Replication of latent Epstein-Barr virus in Raji cells. J Virol 61, 1743-1746
2. Alkatib G. and Briedis, D.J. (1988) High-level eucaryotic in vivo expression of biologically active measles virus hemagglutinin by using an adenovirus type 5 helper-free vector system. J. Virol. 62, 2718-2727
3. Armentano, D., Sookdeo, C.C., Hehir, K.M., Gregory, R.J., St George, J.A., Prinz, G.A., Wadsworth, S.C. and Smith, A. E. (1995) Characterisation of an adenovirus gene transfer vector containing an E4 deletion. Human Gene Therapy 6, 1343-1353
4. Artelt, R, Grannemann, R., Stocking, C., Friel, J., Bartsch, J. and Häuser, H. (1991) The prokaryotic neomy cin-resistance-encoding gene acts as a transcriptional silencer in eukaryotic cells. Gene 99, 249-254
5. Aruffo, A. and Seed, B. (1987) Molecular cloning of a CD28 DNA by a high-efficiency Cos cell expression system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 84, 8573-8577
6. Beames, B., Braunagel, S., Summers, M.D. and Lanford, R.E. (1991) Polyhedrin initiator codon altered to AUU yelds unexpected fusion protein from a baculovirus vector. Biotechniques 11, 378-383
7. Belyaev, A. S. and Roy, P. (1993) Development of baculovirus triple and quadruple expression vectors: Coexpression of three or four bluetongue virus proteins and the synthesis of blueton gue virus-like particles in insect cells. Nucl. Acid Res. 21, 1219-1223
8. Berglund, P., Sjöberg, M., Atkins, G.J., Sheahan, B.J., Garoff, H. and Liljeström, P. (1993) Semliki Forest virus expression system: production of conditionally infectious recombinant particles. Bio Technology 11, 916-920
9. Berkner, K.L. (1992) Expression of Heterologous Sequences in Adenoviral Vectors, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 158, 39-66
10. Berkner, K.L. and Sharp, P.A. (1984) Expression of dihydro folate reductase and of the adjacent Elb region in an Ad5-dihydrofolate reductase recombinant virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 1925-1941
11. Berkner, K. L. and Sharp, P. A. (1985) Effect of the tripartite leader on synthesis of a non-viral protein in an adenovirus 5 recombinant. Nucleic. Acids Res. 13, 841-857
12. Berkner, K. L., Schaffhausen, B. S., Roberts, T.M. and Sharp, P.A. (1987) Abundant expression of Polyomavirus middle T antigen and dihydrofolate reductase in an adenovirus recombinant. J. Virol. 61, 1213-1220
13. Bett, A. J., Haddara, W., Prevec, L. and Graham, F.L. (1994) An efficient and flexible system for construction of adenovirus vectors with insertions or deletions in early regions 1 and 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 91, 8802-8806
14. Blakely, D.R., Clare, A. J., Rudnick, G. and Amara, S.G. (1990) Vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase expression system: evaluation for the expression cloning of plasma membrane transporters. Anal. Biochem. 194, 302-308
15. Blissard, G.W. and Rohrmann, G.F. (1990) Baculovirus diversity and molecular biology. Annual Review of Entomology 53, 127-155
16. Bosselman, R.A., Hsu, R.-Y., Bruszewski, J., Hu, S., Martin, F. and Nicolson, M. (1987) Replication-defective chimeric helper proviruses and factors affecting generation of competent virus: Expression of moloney murine leukaemia virus structural genes via the metallothionein promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol 7, 1797-1806
17. Breathnach, R. (1984) Selective amplification in methotrexate-resistant mouse cells of an artificial dihydropholate reductase transcription unit making use of cryptic splicing and polyadeny lation. EMBO J. 3, 901-908
18. Broker, T. R. and Botchan M. (1986) Papillomaviruses: Retrospectives and Prospectives. Cancer Cells Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 4, 17-36
19. Buller, R.M.L., Smith, G.L., Cremer, K., Notkins, A.L. and Moss, B. (1985) Decreased virulence of recombinant vaccinia virus expression vectors is associated with a thymidinkinase negative phenotype. Nature 173, 813-815
20. Chakrabarti, S., Brechtling, S.K. and Moss, B. (1985) Vaccinia virus expression vector: Coexpression of ß-galactosidase provides visual screening of recombinant virus plaques. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 3403-3409
21. Crystal, R.G., McElvaney, N.G., Rosenfeld, M. A., Chu, C.S., Mastrangeli, A., Hay, J.G., Brody, S.L., Jaffe, H.A., Eissa, N.T. and Danel, C. (1994) Administration of an adenovirus containing the human CFTR cDNA to the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Nature Genet. 8 1, 42-51
22. Davidson, D. and Hassell, J. A. (1987) Overproduction of polyoma virus middle T antigen in mammalian cells through the use of an adenovirus vector. J. Virol. 61, 1226-1239
23. DiMaio, D., Triesman, R., and Maniatis, T. (1982) A bovine papilloma-virus vector which propagates as an episome in both mouse and bacterial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 79, 4030-4034
24. Doerfler, W., ed. (1983-1984) The molecular biology of adeno viruses, vols 1-3. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (Current topics in microbiology and immunology, vols 109-111)
25. Dougherty, J.R, Wisniewski, R., Yang, S., Rhode, B.W. and Temin, H.M. (1989) New retrovirus helper cells with almost no nucleotide sequence homology to retroviral vectors. J. Virol. 63, 3209-3212
26. Dranoff, G., Jaffee, E., Lazenby, A., Golumbek, P., Levitsky, H., Brose, K., Jackson, V., Hamada, H., Pardoll, D. and Mulligan, R.C. (1993) Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. 90, 3539-3543
27. Eglitis, M.A. and Anderson, W. F. (1988) Retroviral vectors for introduction of genes into mammalian cells. BioTechniques 6, 608-614
28. Elroi-Stein, O., Fuerst, T. R. and Moss, B. (1989) Cap-independent translation of mRNA conferred by encephalomyocarditis virus 5'sequence improves the performance of the vacciniavi rus/bacteriophage-T7 hybrid system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 86, 6126-6130
29. Engelhardt, J. F., Ye, X., Doranz, B. and Wilson, J.M. (1994) Ablation of E2a in recombinant adenovirus improves transgene persistence and decreases immune response in mouse liver. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci.USA 91, 6196-6200
30. Fried, M. and Prives, C. (1986) The Biology of Simian Virus 40 and Polyomavirus. Cancer Cells, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 4, 1-16
31. Fuerst, T. R., Earl, P. L. and Moss, B. (1987) Use of a hybrid vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system for expression of target genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 2538-2544
32. Fuerst, T. R., Niles, E.G., Studier, F.W. and Moss, B. (1986) Eucaryotic transient expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 83, 8122-8126
33. Gething, M.-J. and Sambrook, J. (1981) Cell surface expression of influenza hemagglutinin from a cloned DNA copy of the RNA gene. Nature 293, 620-625
34. Gething, M.-J. and Sambrook, J. (1982) The expression of the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene from SV40-HA recombinants. In: Eukaryotic Viral Vectors (Gluzman, Y. ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York pp. 29-33
35. Gilboa, E., Eglitis, M.A., KantofT, P.W. and Anderson, W. F. (1986) Transfer and expression of cloned genes using retroviral vectors. BioTechniques 4, 504-512
36. Gluzman, Y. (1981) SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early Sv40 mutants. Cell 23, 175-182
37. Gluzman, Y. (1982) Eucaryotic viral vectos. Cold Spring Habor Laboratory, New York
38. Gluzman Y., Reichl, H. and Solnick, D. (1982) Helper-free adeno virus type-5 vectors. In: Eukaryotic viral vectors (Gluzman, Y., ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp 187-192
39. Goff, S.P. and Berg P. (1976) Construction of hybrid viruses containing Sv40 and lambda phage DNA segments and their propagation in cultured monkey cells. Cell 9, 695-705
40. Gong, T. (1993) Overview over insect cell culture and BE VS. JRH Biosciences
41. Graham, F. L., Smiley, J., Rüssel, W.C. and Nairn, R. (1977) Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J. Gen. Virol. 36, 59-72
42. Guild, B.C., Finer, M.H., Housman, D.E. and Mulligan, R.C. (1988) Development of retrovirus vectors useful for expressing genes in cul tured murine embryonal cells and hematopoietic cells in vivo. J. Virol. 62, 3795-3801
43. Hamann, J., Fiebig, H. and Strauss, M. (1993) Expression cloning of the early activation antigen CD69, a type II integral membrane protein with a c-type lectin domain. J. Immunol 150, 4920-4927
44. Hamer, D.H., Davoli, D., Thomas Jr., C.A. and Fareed, G.C. (1977) SV40 carrying an E.coli suppressor gene. J. Mol. Biol. 112, 155-182
45. Haase, S. B., Heinzel, S. S., Krysan, P.J. and Calos, M. P. (1989) Improved EBV shuttle vectors. Mutation Res
46. Haver, C.A., Getty, R.R. and Tykocinski, M.L. (1989) Nucleic Acid Res. 13, 1989-2002
47. Hofmann, C., Sandig, V., Jennings, G., Rudolf, M., Schlag, P. and Strauss, M. (1995) Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 92, 10099-10103
48. Hsiung, N., Fitts, R., Wilson, S., Milne, A. and Hamer, D. (1984) Efficient hepatitis T surface antigen using a bovine papillomavirus-metallothionein vector. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 2, 497-506
49. Hung, P.P., Morin, J.E., Lübeck, M.D., Barton, J.E., Molnar-Kimber, K.L., Mason, B.B. Dheer, S.K., Jarocki-Witek, V., Kostek, B., Zandle, G., Conley, A.J. and Davis, A.R. (1988) Recombinant adenovirus as a vehicle for the HBV surface antigen or HIV enve lope protein genes. In: Human retroviruses, cancer and AIDS: approaches to prevention and therapy. Liss, New York, 349-361
50. Isaacs, S.N., Kotwal, G.J. and Moss, B. (1990) Reverse guanine phosphoribosyltransferase selection of recombinant vaccinia viruses. Virology 178, 626-630
51. Jalanko, A., Kallio, A. and Ulmanen, I. (1988) Comparision of mammalian cell expression vectors with and without an EBV-replicon. Arch-Virol. 103, 157-166
52. Jalanko, A., Kallio, A., Ruohonen-Letho, M., Soderlund, H. and Ulmanen, I. (1988) An EBV-based mammalian cell expression vector for efficient expression of cloned coding sequences. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 949, 206-212
53. James, M.R., Stary, A., Daya-Grosjean, L., Drougard, C. and Sarasin, A. (1989) Comparative study of Epstein-Barr virus and SV40-based shuttle-expression vectors in human repair deficient cells. Mutation Res. 220, 169-185
54. Johanning, F.W., Conry, R.M., LoBuglio, A.F., Wright, M., Sumerel, L.A., Pike, M.J. and Curiel, D.T. (1995) A sindbis virus mRNA polynucleotide vector achieves prolonged and high level heterologous gene expression in vivo. Nucl. Acid Res. 23, 1495-1501
55. Johnson, D.C., Ghosh-Choudhury, G., Smiley, J.R., Falls, L. and Graham, F.L. (1988) Abundant expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gB using an adenovirus vector. Virology 164, 1-14
56. Karin, M., Cathala, G. and Nguyen-Hun, M.C. (1983) Expression and regulation of a human metallothionein gene carried on an autonomously replicating shuttle vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 80, 4040-4044
57. Karschin, A. (1993) Heterologuus expression of the membrane proteins that control cellular excitability. EXS 63, 31-479
58. Kitts, P.A. and Possee, R.D. (1993) A Method for production of recombinant baculovirus expression vectors at high frequency. Biotechniques 14, 810-817
59. Kitts, P. A., Ayres, M. D. and Possee, R. D. (1990) Linearization of baculovirus DNA enhances the recovery of recombinant virus expression vectors. Nucl.Acid Res. 18, 5667-5672
60. Law, M.-F., Howard, B., Sarver, N. and Howley, P.M. (1982) Expression of selective traits in mouse cells transformed with a BPV DNA-derived hybrid molecule containing E. coli gpt. In: Eucaryotic viral vectors (Gluzman, ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 79-85
61. Lefkowitz, E. J., Pattnaik, A. K. and Ball, L. A. (1990) Complementation of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G mutant with wild type protein expressed from either a bovine papilloma virus or a vaccinia virus vector system. Virology 187, 373-383
62. Levine, F., Yee, J.K. and Friedmann, T. (1991) Efficient gene expression in mammalian cells from a dicistronic transcriptional unit in an improved retroviral vector. Gene 108, 167-174
63. Lieber, A., Sandig, V., Bähring, S., Sommer, W. and Strauss, M. (1993) Stable high level gene expression in mammalian cell by phage T7 RNA polymerase. Methods in Enzymol. 217, 66-74
64. Logan J. and Shenk, T. (1984) Adenovirus tripartite leader sequence anhances translation of mRNAs late after infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 81, 3655-3659
65. Lowy, D.R., Dvoretzky, I., Shober, R., Law, M.-F., Engel, L. and Howley, P.M. (1980) In vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus DNA. Nature 287, 72-74
66. Luckow, V. A. (1991) Cloning and expression of heterologous genes in insect cells with baculovirus vectors. In: Recombinant DNA technology and Ap plications (Procop, A., Bajpai, R.K. and Ho, C., eds.), McGraw-Hill.Inc. 97-152
67. Luckow, V. A. and Summers, M. D. (1988) Trends in the development of baculovirus expression vectors. Bio/Technology 6, 47-55
68. Lundstrom, K., Mills, A., Buell, G., Allet, E., Adami, N. and Liljeström, P. (1994) High-level expression of the human neurokinin-1 receptor in mammalian cell lines using the Semliki Forest virus expression system. Eur. J. Biochem. 224, 917-921
69. Lusky, M. and Botchan, M. (1981) Inhibitory effect of specific pBR322 DNA sequences upon SV40 replication in simian cells. Nature 293, 79-81
70. Lusky, M. and Botchan M. R. (1985) Genetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transacting replication factors. J. Virol. 53, 955
71. Lusky, M., Berg, L., Weiner, H., and Botchan, M. (1983) Bovine papilloma-virus contains an activator of gene expression at the distal end of the early transcription unit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 1108-1122
72. Lutfalla, G., Armbruster, L., Dequin, S. and Bertolotti, R. (1989) Construction of well-differentiated human hepatoma cells and of appropriate Epstein-Barr virus based shuttle vectors. Gene 76, 27-39
73. Mackett, M., Smith, G. L. and Moss, B. (1982) Vaccinia virus: A selectable eucaryotic cloning vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 79, 7415-7419
74. Madej, M., Conway, M.J., Morgan, A. J., Sweet, J., Wallace, L., Qualtiere, L. F., Arrand, J.R. and Mackett, M. (1992) Purification and characterization of Epstein-Barr virus gp340/ 220 produced by a bivine papillomavirus virus expression vector system. Vaccine 10, 777-782
75. Mann, R., Mulligan, R.C. and Baltimore, D. (1983) Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. Cell 33, 153-159
76. Mansour, S.L., Grodzicker, T. and Tjian, R. (1985) An adenovirus vector system used to express polyoma virus tumor antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 82, 1359-1363
77. Mansour, S. L., Grodzicker, T. and Tjian, R. (1986) Downstream sequences affect transcription initiation from the adenovirus major late promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 2684-2694
78. Markowitz, D., Goff, S. and Bank, A. (1988a) A safe packaging line for gene transfer: Separating viral genes on two different plasmids. J. Virol. 62, 1120-1124
79. Markowitz, D., Goff, S. and Bank, A. (1988b) Construction and use of a safe and efficient amphotropic packaging cell line. Virology 167, 400-406
80. Massie, B., Gluzman, Y. and Hassell, J. A. (1986) Construction of a helper-free recombinant adenovirus that expresses Polyomavirus large T antigen. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 2872-2883
81. Matthias, P.D., Bernard, H.U., Scott, A., Brady, G., Hashimoto-Gotoh, T. and Schütz, G. (1983) A bovine papillomavirus vector with a dominant resistance marker replicates extrachromosomally in mouse and E. coli cells. EMBO J. 2, 1487-1492
82. McLachlin, J. R., Cornetta, K., Eglitis, M. A. and Anderson, W. F. (1990) Retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Prog. Nucleic Acid. Res. Mol. Biol. 38, 91-135
83. Mellon, P., Parker, V., Gluzman, Y. and Maniatis, T. (1981) Identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the human alphal-globin gene in a new SV40 host-vector system. Cell 27, 279-288
84. Melnick, J.L., Allison, A. C., Butel, J.S., Eckhart, W., Eddy, B.E., Kit, S., Levine, A.J., Meies, J.A.R., Pagano, J.S., Sachs, L. and Vonka, V. (1974) Papovaviridae. Intervirology 3, 106
85. Meneguzzi, G., Binetry, B., Grisoni, M. and Cozin, F. (1984) Plasmidial maintenance in rodent fibroblasts of a BPVI-pBR322 shuttle vector without immediate oncogenic transformation of the recipient cells. EMBO J. 3, 365-371
86. Miller, A.D. (1990) Retrovirus packaging cells. Human gene therapy 1, 5-14
87. Miller, A.D. (1992) Retroviral Vectors. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Expression Vectors (Muzyczka, N., ed.), pp 1-24, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
88. Miller, A.D. and Buttimore, C. (1986) Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 2895-2902
89. Miller, D. G., Adam, M. A. and Miller, A. D. (1990) Gene transfer by retrovirus vectors occurs only in cells that are actively replicating at the time of infection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 4239-4242
90. Morgenstern, J.P. and Land, H. (1990) Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 3587-3596
91. Morin, J.E., Lübeck, M.D., Barton, J.E., Conley, A.J., Davis, A.R. and Hung, P.P. (1987) Recombinant adenovirus induces antibody response to hepatitis T virus surface antigen in hamsters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 84, 4626-4730
92. Moss, B. (1990) Poxviridae and their replication. In: Virology, Second Edition (Fields, B. N, ed.), 2079-2111
93. Moss, B. (1991) Vaccinia virus: a tool for research and vaccine development. Science 252, 1662-1667
94. Moss, B. (1992) Vaccinia virus vectors In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Expression Vectors (Muzyczka, N., ed.), pp 1-2 4 Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
95. Muller, W.J., Mueller, C.R., Mes, A.-M. and Hassel, J. A. (1983) Polyomavirus origin for DNA replication comprises multiple gene tic elements. J. Virol. 47, 586-599
96. Mulligan, R.C. (1993) The basic science of gene therapy. Science 260, 926-932
97. Myers, R.M. and Tjian, R. (1980) Construction and analysis of SV40 origins defective in tumor antigen binding and DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 77, 6491-6493
98. Niwa, H., Yamamura, K. and Miyazaki, (1991) Efficient selection for high-expression transfectants with a novel eukaryotic vector. Gene 108, 193-199
99. Pavlakis, G.N. and Hamer, D.H. (1983) Regulation of a metall othionein-growth hormone hybrid gene in bovine papilloma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 80, 397-401
100. Peng, S., Sommerfeit, M.A., Berta, G., Berry, A.K., Kirk, K.L., Hunter, E. and Sorscher, E.J. (1993) Rapid purification of recombinant baculovirus using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Biotechniques 14, 274-277
101. Peterson C. and Legerski, R. (1991) High frequency transformation of human repair deficient cell lines of human repair deficient cell lines by an Epstein-Barr virus based cDNA expression vector. Gene 107, 279-284
102. Pfister, H., Krubke, J., Dietrich, W., Iftner, T. and Fuchs, P.G. (1986) Classification of the papillomaviruses-mapping the genome. Ciba Found. Symp. 120, 3
103. Possee, R.D. and Howard, S.C. (1987) Analysis of the polyhedrin gene promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Nucl. Acid Res. 15, 10233-10248
104. Rice, C.M., Levis, R., Strauss, J.H. and Huang, H.V. (1987) Production of infectious RNA transcripts from Sindbis virus cDNA clones: Mapping of lethal mutations, rescue of temperature sensitive marker, and in vitro mutagenesis to generate defined mutants. J. Virol. 61, 3809-3819
105. Rodriguez, D., Zhou, Y., Rodriguez, R.K., Durbin, R.K., Jimenez, V., McAllister, W.T. and Esterban, M. (1990) Regulated expression of nuclear genes by T3 RNA polymerase and lac repressor using recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. J. Virol. 64, 4815-4857
106. Sambrook, J. (1987) Vectors for high level exression of proteins in mamalian cells. 10. Anniversary series of Focus
107. Schaak, J., Langer, S. and Guo, X. (1995) Efficient selection of recombinant adenovirus by vectors that express ß-galactosidase. J. Virol. 69, 3920-3923
108. Schaffhausen, B.S., Bockus, B.J., Berkner, K.L., Kaplan, D. and Roberts, T.M. (1987) Characterization of middle T antigen expressed by using an adenovirus expression ssytem. J. Virol. 61, 1221-1225
109. Schlesinger, S. and Schlesinger, M.J. (1990) Replication of Toogaviridae and Flavaviridae. In: Fields Virology (Fields, B.N. and Knipe, D.M., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 697-711
110. Shu-Hsia, C., Shine, H.D., Goodman, J.C., Grossman, R.G. and Woo, S.L.C. (1994) Gene therapy for brain tumors: Regression of experimental gliomas by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 91, 3054-3057
111. Smith, G.E., Summers, M.D. and Fräser, M.J. (1983) Production of human ß interferon in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 2156-2165
112. Solnick, D. (1981) Construction of an adenovirus-SV40 recom binant producing SV40 T antigen from an adenovirus late promoter. Cell 24, 135-143
113. Sridhar, P., Panda, A.K., Pal, R., Talwar, G.P. and Hasnain, S.E. (1992) Temporal nature of the promoter and not relative strength determines the expression of an extensively processed protein in a baculovirus system. FEBS Letters 315, 282-286
114. Steward, L.M.D., Hirst, M., Lopez-Ferber, M., Merrywether, A.T., Cayley, P.J. and Possee, R.D. (1991) Construction of an improved baculovirus insecticide containing an insect specific toxin gene. Nature 352, 85-88
115. Stratford-Perricaudet, L.D., Levrero, M., Chasse, J.-F., Perricaudet, M. and Briand, P. (1990) Evaluation of the transfer and expression in mice of an enzyme-encoding gene using a human adenovirus vector. Hum. Gene Ther. 1, 241-256
116. Strauss, M., Kiessling, U. and Platzer, M. (1986) Gene transfer in animal cells. I. Techniques, vectors and selective markers. Biol. Zbl. 105, 209-243
117. Sutter, G. and Moss, B. (1992) Nonreplicating vaccinia vector efficiently expresses recombinant proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 89, 10847-10851
118. Szekely, L., Jin, P., Jang, W.Q., Rosen, A., Wiman, K.G., Klein, G. and Ringgertz, N. (1993) Position dependent nuclear accumulation of retinoblastoma(Rb) protein during in vitro myogenesis. J. Cell Physiol. 155, 313-322
119. Tartagalia, J., Pincus, S. and Paoletti, E. (1990) Poxvirus based vectors as vaccine candidates. Crit Rev. Immunol. 10, 13-30
120. Taylor, J., Weinberg, R., Tartagalia, J., Richardson, C., Alkhatib, G., Briedis, D., Appel, M., Norton, E. and Paoletti, E. (1992) Nonreplicating viral vectors as potential vaccines: recombinant canarypoxvirus expressing measles virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. Virology 187, 321-328
121. Teshigawara, K. and Kasutra, Y. (1992) A simple and efficient mammalian gene expression system using an EBV-based vector transfected by electroporation in G2/M phase. Nucleic Acid Res. 20, 2607
122. Thummel, C., Tjian, R., Hu, S. H. and Grodzicker, T. (1983) Translational control of SV40T antigen expressed from the adeno virus late promoter. Cell 33, 544-464
123. Tooze, J., (1981) Molecular Biology of Tumor Viruses. Part 2: DNA Tumor Viruses. 2nd Edn., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New-York
124. Urakarwa, T., Ferguson, M., Minor, P. D., Cooper, J., Sulivan, M., Almond, Y. W. and Bishop, D.L.H. (1989) Synthesis of immunogenic, but noninfectious poliovirus particles in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector. J. Gen. Virol. 70, 1453-1463
125. Usdin, T.B., Braunstein, M. J., Moss, B. and Isaacs, S.N. (1993) SP6 RNA polymerase containing vaccinia virus for rapid expression of cloned genes in tissue culture. Biotechniques 14, 222-224
126. Usdin, T.B., Mezey, E., Chen, C., Braunstein, M.J. and Hoffman (1991) Cloning of the cocaine-sensitive bovine dopamine transporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 88, 11168-11171
127. van Dören, K. and Gluzman, Y. (1984) Efficient transformation of human fibroblasts by adenovirus-simian virus 40 recombinants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 1653-1656
128. Varmus, H. and Brown, P. (1989) Retroviruses. In: Mobile DNA (Berg, D.E. and Howe, M.M., eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 53-108
129. Vidal, M., Wrighton, C., Eccles, S., Burke, J. and Grosveld, F. (1990) Differences in human cell lines to support stable replication of Epstein-Barrvirus-based vectors. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1048, 171-177
130. Wang, X., Ooi, B.G. and Miller, K.L. (1991) Baculovirus expression vectors for multible gene expression and for occluded virus production. Gene 100, 131-137
131. Xiong, C., Levis, R., Shen, P., Schlesinger, W.S., Rice, C.M. and Huang, M. V. (1989) Sindbis virus: an efficient, broad host range vector for gene expression in animal cells. Science 243, 1188-1191
132. Yamada, M., Lewis, J. A. and Grodzicker, T. (1985) Overproduction of the protein product of a nonselected foreign gene carried by an adenovirus vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 82, 3567-3571
133. Yates, Y. L., Warren, N. and Sugden, B. (1985) Stable replication of plasmids derived from Epstein-Barr virus in a variety of mammalian cells. Nature 313, 812-815
134. Yates, Y.L., Warren, N., Reisman, D. and Sugden, B. (1984) A cis acting element from Epstein-Barr viral genome that permits stable replication of recombinant plasmids in latently infected cells Proc. Natl. Sei. USA 81, 3806-3810
135. Zhou, X., Berglund, P., Zhao, H., Liljeström, P. and Jondal, M. (1994) Generation of cytotoxic and humoral immune response by nonreplicative recombinant Semliki Forest virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA, 3009-3013