Israelite literacy: Interpreting the evidence part II

Vetus Testamentum

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 408-422

  Young, Ian M ^a  

^a NONE   (Australia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85064263098     PISSN: 00424935     EISSN: 15685330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568533982722450     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. J. Prignaud, "Scribes et Graveurs a Jerusalem vers 700 Av. J.-C", in R. Moorey and P. Parr (ed.), Archaeology in the Levant Essays for Kathleen Kenyon (Warminster, 1978), pp. 136-48.
2. M. Haran, SVT 40(1988), pp. 91-5
3. S. Franklin, "Literacy and Documentation in Early Medieval Russia", Speculum 60(1985), p. 9.
4. "A Literate Soldier: Lachish Letter III", in A. Kort and S. Morschauser (ed.), Biblical and Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry (Winona Lake, 1985), p. 43.
5. J. C. L. Gibson, Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions I: Hebrew and Moabite Inscriptions (Oxford, 1973), p. 39;
6. A. Lemaire, Inscriptions Hebraiques I (Paris, 1977), pp. 100-1;
7. D. Pardee, Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Letters (Chico, 1982), p. 84;
8. S. Ahituv, Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions (Hebrew) (Jerusalem, 1992), p. 37.
9. D. W. Jamieson-Drake Scribes and Schools in Monarchic Israel: a Socio-Archaeological Approach (Sheffield, 1991), pp. 147-9.
10. William V. Harris, Ancient Literacy (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1989), pp. 217, 253.
11. G. Fohrer, Introduction to the Old Testament (Nashville and New York, 1968; London, 1970), p. 180
12. = Einleitung in das Alte Testament (12th edn, Heidelberg, 1979), p. 195.
13. J. Goody, Literacy in Traditional Societies (Cambridge, 1968), p. 16:
14. The Gezer Calendar: I. Young, "The style of the Gezer Calendar and some 'Archaic Biblical Hebrew' passages", VT 42(1992), p. 367
15. ∗
16. For a cultic explanation of the Kuntillet 'Ajrud texts see, e.g., W. G. Dever, "Asherah, Consort of Yahweh? New Evidence from Kuntillet 'Ajrud", BASOR 255(1984), pp. 21-37.
17. The cultic function of the site is denied by J. M. Hadley, "Kuntillet 'Ajrud: Religious Centre or Desert Way Station?", PEQ 125(1993), pp. 115-24.
18. R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions (London, 1961), p. 78
19. Les institutions de lAncien Testament I (Paris, 1958), pp. 121-2.
20. F. M. Cross, "The Cave Inscriptions from Khirbet Beit Lei", in J. A. Sanders (ed.), Near Eastern Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: Essays in Honor of Nelson Glueck (Garden City, New York, 1970), p. 304:
21. "the oracle and the petitions may have been the work of a prophet or his amanuensis", or indeed, a cult prophet or a priest. See especially A. Lemaire, "Une inscription paleo-hebraique sur grenade en ivoire", RB 88(1981), pp. 236-9;
22. A. Yardeni, "Remarks on the Priestly Blessing on two ancient amulets from Jerusalem", VT 41(1991), pp. 176-85;
23. G. Barkay, "The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem", Tel Aviv 19(1992), pp. 139-94;
24. idem, "A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription qds", IEJ 40(1990), pp. 124-9
25. and other similar inscriptions listed in G. I. Davies, Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions Corpus and Concordance (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 478-9;
26. G. Barkay, "'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh", IEJ 41(1991), pp. 239-41.
27. Seals of (important) priests: N. Avigad, "The Priest of Dor", IEJ 25(1975), pp. 101-5;
28. J. Elayi, "Le Sceau du Prêtre Hanan, Fils de Hilqiyahu", Semitica 36(1986), pp. 43-6.
29. The point about perishable writing materials has been well made a number of times by A. R. Millard, e.g. in "An Assessment of the Evidence for Writing in Ancient Israel", in Janet Amitai (ed.), Biblical Archaeology Today (Jerusalem, 1985), pp. 304-5.
30. R. Thomas, Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece (Cambridge, 1992).
31. V. Sasson, "The Siloam Tunnel Inscription", PEQ 114(1982), pp. 111-17.
32. P. J. Achtemeier, "Omne Verbum Sonat: The New Testament and the Oral Environment of Late Western Antiquity", JBL 109(1990), pp. 15-17.
33. Although normal practice, however, it does not seem to have been exclusive practice: F. D. Gilliard, "More Silent Reading in Antiquity Non Omne Verbum Sonabat", JBL 112(1993), pp. 689-94.
34. K. Thomas, "The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England", in G. Baumann, The Written Word Literacy in Transition (Oxford, 1986), pp. 106-7.
35. N. Avigad, "The Epitaph of a Royal Steward from Siloam Village", IEJ 3 [1953], p. 137