Rare earth elements in metamorphic rocks

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements

Volumn , Issue , 2019, Pages 147-168

  Grauch, Richard I ^a  

^a DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RARE EARTHS;

METAMORPHIC ROCKS;

EID: 85061179897     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (170)

1. Adams, J.W. (1968) Distribution of the lanthanides in minerals. 7th Rare Earth Res. Conf., San Diego, Calif., October, 1968, 2, 639-650
2. Alderton, D.H.M., Pearce, J.A., and Potts, P.J. (1980) Rare earth element mobility during granite alteration: evidence from southwest England. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 49, 149-165
3. Amli, R. (1975) Mineralogy and rare earth geochemistry of apatite and xenotime from the Gloserheia granite pegmatite, Froiand, southern Norway. Amer. Mineral. 60, 607-620
4. Barrett, T.J. and Jarvis, I. (1988) Rare-earth element geochemistry of metalliferous sediments from DSDP Leg 92: the East Pacific Rise transect. Chem. Geol. 67, 243-259
5. Barrett, TJ., Fralick, P.W., and Jarvis, I. (1988) Rare-earth-element geochemistry of some Archean iron formations north of Lake Superior, Ontario. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25, 570-580
6. Bartley, J.M. (1986) Evaluation of REE mobility in low-grade metabasalts using mass-balance calculations. Norsk Geol. Tidssk. 66, 145-152
7. Bavinton, O.A. and Taylor, S.R. (1980) Rare earth element geochemistry of Archean metasedimentary rocks from Kambalda, Western Australia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44, 639-648
8. Bence, A.E. and Taylor, B.E. (1985) Rare earth element systematics of West Shasta metavolvanic rocks: pedogenesis and hydrothermal alteration. Econ. Geology, 80, 2164-2176
9. Bernard-Griffiths, J., Peucat, J.-J., Iglesias Ponce de Leon, M., and Gil Ibarguchi, J.I. (1985) U-Pb, Nd isotope and REE geochemistry in eclogites from the Cabo Ortega! Complex, Galicia, Spain: an example of REE immobility conserving MORB-like patterns during high-grade metamorphism. Chem. Geol. 52, 217-225
10. Beswick, A.E. and Soucie, G. (1978) A correction procedure for metasomatism in an Archean greenstone belt. Precambrian Res. 6, 235-248
11. Bhaskar Rao, Y.J. and Drury, S.A. (1982) Incompatible trace element geochemistry of Archean metavolcanic rocks from the Bababudan volcanic-sedimentary belt, Karnataka. J. Geol. Soc. India 23, 1-12
12. Bodinier, J.L., Dupuy, C., and Dostal, J. (1984) Geochemistry of Precambrian ophiolites from Bou Azzer, Morocco. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 87, 43-50
13. Bowles, J.F.W. and Morgan, DJ. (1984) The composition of rhabdophane. Mineral. Mag.48, 146-148
14. Boynton, W.V. (1984) Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies: in P. Henderson [Ed.], Rare earth element geochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 63-114
15. Brooks, C., Ludden, J., Pigeon, Y., and Hubregtse, J.J.M.W. (1982) Volcanism of shoshonite to high-K andesite affinity in an Archean arc environment, Oxford Lake, Manitoba. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 19, 55-67
16. Campbell, I.H., Coad, P., Franklin, J.M., Gorton, M.P., Scott, S.D., Sowa, J., and Thurston, P.C. (1982) Rare earth elements in volcanic rocks associated with Cu-Zn massive sulfide mineralization: a preliminary report. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 19, 619-623
17. Cantrell, KJ. and Byrne, R.H. (1987) Rare earth element complexation by carbonate and oxalate ions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 597-605
18. Capdevila, R., Goodwin, A.M., Ujike, O., and Gorton, M.P. (1982) Trace-element geochemistry of Archean volcanic rocks and crustal growth in southwestern Abitibi belt, Canada. Geology 10, 418-422
19. Cerny, P., Fryer, B.J., Longsstaffe, F.J., and Tammemagi, H, Y. (1987) The Archean Lac du Bonnet batholith, Manitoba: igneous history, metamorphic effects, and fluid overprinting. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 421-438
20. Chamberlain, V.E., Lambert, R.S.J., Duke, M.J.M., and Holland, J.G. (1988) Geochemistry of the gneissic basement complex near Valemount, British Columbia: further evidence for a varied origin. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25, 1725-1739
21. Chauvel, C., Dupre, B., and Jenner, G.A. (1985) The Sm-Nd age of Kambalda volcanics is 500 Ma too old! Earth Planetary Science Letters 74, 315-324
22. Chikhaoui, M., Dupuy, C., and Dostal, J. (1978) Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic volcanic rocks from Tassendjanet area (N.W. Hoggar, Algeria). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66, 157-164
23. Church, W.R. (1987) REE mobility due to alteration of Indian Ocean basalt: discussion. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 24, 192
24. Collerson, K.D. and Fryer, B.J. (1978) The role of fluids in the formation and subsequent development of early continental crust. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 67, 151-167
25. Collerson, K.D., McCulloch, M.T., and Bridgwater, D. (1984) Nd and Sr isotopic crustal contamination patterns in an Archean meta-basic dyke from northern Labrador: Geochim. Cosomchim. Acta, 48, 71-83
26. Compton, P. (1978) Rare earth evidence for the origin of the Nuk gneisses Buksefjorden region, southern Norway. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66, 283-293
27. Condie, K.C. and Martell, C. (1983) Early Proterozoic metasediments from north-central Colorado: metamorphism, provenance, and tectonic setting. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 94, 1215-1224
28. Condie, K.C., Allen, P., and Narayana, B.L. (1982) Geochemistry of the Archean low-to high-grade transition zone, southern India. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 81, 157-167
29. Condie, K.C., Viljoen, MJ., and Kable, EJ.D. (1977) Effects of alteration on element distributions in Archean tholeiites from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 64, 75-89
30. Copeland, R.A., Frey, F.A., and Wones, D.R. (1971) Origin of clay minerals in a Mid-Atlantic Ridge sediment. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 10, 186-192
31. Cullers, R.L., Chaudhuri, Sambhudas, Arnold, Bill, Lee, Moon, and Wolf, C.W., Jr. (1975) Rare earth distributions in clay minerals and in the clay-sized fraction of the Lower Permian Havensville and Eskridge shales of Kansas and Oklahoma. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, 1691-1703
32. Cullers, R.L., Medaris, L.G., and Haskin, L.A. (1973) Experimental studies of the distribution of rare earths as trace elements amoung silicate minerals and liquids and water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 1499-1512
33. Cullers, R.L., Yeh, Long-Tsu, Chaudhuri, S., and Guidotti, C.V. (1974) Rare earth elements in Silurian pelitic schists from N.W. Maine. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 389-400
34. Day, W.C. and Weiblen, P.W. (1986) Origin of late Archean granite: geochemical evidence from the Vermilion Granitic Complex of northern Minnesota. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 93, 283-296
35. Dickin, A.P. (1988) Evidence for limited REE leaching from the Roffna Gneiss, Switzerland-a discussion of the paper by Vocke et al. (1987) (CMP95:145-154). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 99, 273-275
36. Dostal, J. and Capedri, S. (1979) Rare earth elements in high-grade metamorphic rocks from the western Alps. Lithos 12, 41-49
37. Dostal, J. and Strong, D.F. (1983) Trace-element mobility during low-grade metamorphism and silicification of basaltic rocks from Saint John, New Brunswick. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 20, 431-435
38. Dostal, J., Dupuy, C., and Poidevin, J.L. (1985) Geochemistry of Precambrian basaltic rocks from the Central African Republic (Equatorial Africa). Canadian J. Earth Sci. 22, 653-652
39. Dostal, Jaroslav (1975) The origin of garnet-cordierite-sillimanite bearing rocks from Chandos Township, Ontario. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 49, 163-175
40. Drury, S.A. (1983) The petrogenesis and setting of Archean metavolcanics from Karnataka State, south India. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 317-329
41. Dypvik, H. and Brunfelt, A.O. (1976) Rare-earth elements in Lower Paleozoic epicontinental and eugeosynclinal sediments from the Oslo and Trondheim regions: Sedimentology 23, 363-378
42. Evans, B.W., Trommsdorff, V. and Goles, G.G. (1981) Geochemistry of high-grade eclogites and metarodingites from the central Alps. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76, 301-311
43. Ferry, J.M. [Ed.] (1982) Characterization of metamorphism through mineral equilibria: Rev. Mineral. 10, 397 p
44. Finlow-Bates, T. and Stumpfl, E.F. (1981) The behaviour of so-called immobile elements in hydrothermally altered rocks associated with volcanogenic submarine-exhalative ore deposits. Mineral. Dep. 16, 319-328
45. Fleischer, M. (1967) Some aspects of the geochemistry of yttrrium and the lanthanides. Geochim. Cosmo-chim. Acta 29, 755-772
46. Fleischer, M. and Aultschuler, Z.S. (1969) The relationship of the rare-earth composition of minerals to geologic environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 33, 725-732
47. Flynn, R.T. and Burnham, C.W. (1978) An experimental determination of rare earth partition coefficients between chloride containing vapor phase and silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42, 685-701
48. Fowler, A.D. and Doig, R. (1983) The significance of europium anomalies in the REE spectra of granites and pegmatites, Mont Laurier, Quebec. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 1131-1137
49. Fowler, M.B. (1986) Large-ion Iithophile element characteristics of an amphibolite facies to granulite facies transition at Gruinard Bay, north-west Scotland. J. Metamorphic Geol. 4, 345-359
50. Frey, F.A., Haskin, M.A., Poetz, J.A., and Haskin, L.A. (1968) Rare earth abundances in some basic rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 73, 6085-6098
51. Frey, F.A., Bryan, W.B., and Thompson, G. (1974) Atlantic Ocean floor: geochemistry and petrology of basalts from Legs 2 and 3 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 5507-5527
52. Fujimki, H. (1986) Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 42-45
53. Ganguly, J. and Saxena, S.K, (1987) Mixtures and mineral reactions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 291
54. Garmann, L.B., Brunfelt, A.O., Finstad, K.G., and Heier, K.S. (1975) Rare-earth element distribution in basic and ultrabasic rocks from west Norway. Chem. Geol. 15, 103-116
55. Garrison, J.R., Jr. (1981) Metabasalts and metagabbros from the Llano uplift, Texas: petrologic and geochemical characterization with emphasis on tectonic setting. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 78, 459-475
56. Gelinas, L., Trudel, P., and Hubert, C. (1984) Chemostratigraphic division of the Blake River Group, Rouyn-Noranda area, Abitibi, Quebec. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 21, 220-231
57. Gelinas. L., Brooks, C., Perrault, G., Carignan, J., Trudel, P., and Grasso, F. (1977) Chemostratigraphic divisions within the Abitibi volcanic belt, Rouyn Noranda district, Quebec. In: W.R.A. Baragar, L.C. Coleman, and J.M. Hall [Ed.], Volcanic regimes in Canada: Geol. Assoc. Canada Spec. Paper 16, Waterloo, Ontario, 265-295
58. Giere, Reto (1986) Zirconolite, allanite and hoegbomite in a marble skam from the Bergell contact aureole: implications for mobility of Ti, Zr and REE. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 93, 459-470
59. Goldberg, E.D., Koide, M., Schmitt, R.A., and Smith, R.H. (1963) Rare earth distributions in the marine environment J. Geophys. Res. 68, 4209-4217
60. Grant, J. A. (1986) The isocon diagram-a simple solution to Gresens' equation for metasomatic alteration. Econ. Geol. 81, 1976-1982
61. Green, T.H., Brunfelt, A.O., and Heier, K.S. (1972) Rare-earth element distribution and K/Rb ratios in granulites, mangerites and anorthosites, Lofoten-Vesteraalen, Norway. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 36, 241-257
62. Gresens, R. L. (1976) Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism. Chem. Geol. 2, 47-65
63. Gromet, L.P. and Silver, L.T. (1983) Rare earth element distributions among minerals in a granodiorite and their petrogenetic implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 925-940
64. Hajash, A., Jr. (1984) Rare earth element abundances and distribution patterns in hydrothermally altered basalts: experimental results. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 85, 409-412
65. Hanson, G.N. (1975) REE analyses of the Morton and Montevideo gneisses from the Minnesota River Valley. Geol. Soc. America Abstr. Programs, 7, 7, 1099
66. Harrison, WJ. (1981) Partition coefficients for REE between garnets and liquids: implications of non-Henry's Law behaviour for models of basalt origin and evolution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 1529-1544
67. Hellman, P.L. and Henderson, P. (1977) Are rare earth elements mobile during spilitisation? Nature 267, 38-40
68. Hellman, P.L., Smith, R.E., and Henderson, P. (1977) Rare earth element investigation of the Cliefden outcrop, N.S.W., Australia. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 65, 155-164
69. Hellman, P.L., Smith, R.E., and Henderson, P. (1979) The mobility of rare earth elements: evidence and implications from selected terrains affected by burial metamorphism.-Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 71, 23-44
70. Helvaci, C. and Griffin, W.L. (1983) Metamorphic feldspathization of metavolcanics and granitoids, Avnik area, Turkey. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 83, 309-319
71. Henderson, P. (1980) Rare earth element partition between sphene, apatite and other coexisting minerals of the Kangerdlugssuaq Intrusion, E. Greenland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 72, 81-85
72. Henderson, P. (1984) General geochemical properties and abundances of the rare earth elements in Henderson, Paul [Ed.], Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1-32
73. Herrmann, A.G., Potts, MJ., and Knake, D. (1974) Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in spilites from oceanic and continental crust. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 44, 1-16
74. Hickmott, D.D. (1988) Trace element zoning in garnets: implications for metmorphic processes. Unpub. Ph. D. Dissertation, Mass. Inst. Technology, 449 p
75. Hickmott, D.D., Shimizu, N., Spear, F.S., and Selverstone, J. (1987) Trace-element zoning in a metamorphic garnet. Geology 15, 573-576
76. Humphris, S.E., Morrison, M.A., and Thompson, R.N. (1978) Influence of rock crystallisation history upon subsequent lanthinide mobility during hydrothermal alteration of basalts. Chem. Geol. 23 125-137
77. Jahn, B.M., Auvray, B., Cornichet, J., Bai, Y.L., Shen, Q.H., and Liu, D.Y. (1987) 3.5 Ga amphibolites from eastern Hebei Province, China: field occurrence, petrography, Sm-Nd isochron age and REE geochemistry. Precambrian Res. 34, 311-346
78. Jahn, Bor-ming and Sun, Shen-Su (1979) Trace element distribution and isotopic composition of Archean greenstones. In: Ahrens, L.H. [Ed.j, Origin and distribution of the elements. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 11. Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 597-618
79. Jahn, Bor-ming and Zong-qing Zhang (1984) Archean granulite gneisses from eastern Hebei Province, China: rare earth geochemistry and tectonic implications. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 85, 224-243
80. Jahn, Bor-ming (1986) Mid-ocean ridge or marginal basin origin of the East Taiwan Ophiolite: chemical and isotopic evidence. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 92, 194-206
81. Jahn, Bor-ming, Auvray, B., Blais, S., Capdevila, R., Cornichet, J., Vidal, F., and Hameurt, J. (1980) Trace element geochemistry and pedogenesis of Finnish greenstone belts. J. Petrology 21, 2, 201-244
82. Jahn, Bor-ming, Gruau, G., and Glikson, A.Y. (1982) Komatiites of the Onverwacht Group, S. Africa: REE geochemistry, Sm/Nd age and mantle evolution. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 80, 25-40
83. Jahn, Bor-ming, Shih, Chi-Yu, and Rama Murthy, V. (1974) Trace element geochemistry of Archean volcanic rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 611-627
84. Jarvis, J.C., Wildeman, T.R., and Banks, N.G. (1975) Rare earths in the Leadville Limestone and its marble derivatives. Chem. Geol. 16, 27-37
85. Jenner, G.A., Fryer, B.J., and McLennan, S.M. (1981) Geochemistry of the Archean Yellowknife Supergroup. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 1111-1129
86. Jensen, B.B. (1973) Patterns of trace element partitioning. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 2227-2242
87. Jolliff, B.L., Papike, J.J., and Laul J.C. (1987) Mineral recorders of pegmatite internal evolution: REE contents of tourmaline from the Bob Ingersoll pegmatite, South Dakota. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 2225-2232
88. Jolly, W.T. (1987) Geology and geochemistry of Huronian rhyolites and low-Ti continental tholeiites from the Thessalon region, central Ontario. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 24, 1360-1385
89. Kay, R., Hubbard, N.J., and Gast, P.W. (1970) Chemical characteristics and origin of oceanic ridge volcanic rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1585-1613
90. Kay, R.W. and Senechal, R.G. (1976) The rare earth geochemistry of the Troodos ophiolite complex. J. Geophys. Res. 81, 964-970
91. Kerrich, R. and Fryer, B.J. (1979) Archean precious-metal hydrothermal systems, Dome Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt. II. REE and oxygen isotope relations. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 16, 440-458
92. Kerrich, R., Fryer, B.J., Milner, K.J., and Peirce, M.G. (1981) The geochemistry of gold-bearing chemical sediments, Dickenson Mine, Red Lake, Ontario: a reconnaissance study. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 18, 624-637
93. Khomyakov, A.P. (1967) Chemical and crystallochemical factors in the distribution of rare earths. Geochem. Int'l. 4, 127-135
94. King, R.W., Kerrich, R.W., and Daddar, R. (1988) REE distributions in tourmaline: an INAA technique involving pretreatment by B volatilization. Amer. Mineral. 73, 424-431
95. Kite, L.E. and Stoddard, E.F. (1984) The Halifax County complex: oceanic lithosphere in the eastern North Carolina Piedmont. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 95, 422-432
96. Knoper, M.W. and Condie, K.C. (1988) Geochemistry and pedogenesis of Early Proterozoic amphibolites, west-central Colorado, U.S.A. Chem. Geol. 67, 209-225
97. Kosterin, A.V. (1959) The possible modes of transport of the rare earths by hydrothermal solutions. Geochem. 381-387
98. Lajoie, J. and Ludden, J. (1984) Petrology of the Archean Pontiac and Kewagama sediments and implications for the stratigraphy of the southern Abitibi belt. Canadian J. Earth Sei. 21, 1305-1314
99. Lausch, J., Moller, P., and Morteani, G. (1974) Die Verteilung der Seltenen Erden in den Karbonaten und penninischen Gneisen der Zillertaler Alpen (Tirol, österreich). N. Jahrb. Mineral. Monat. 11, 490-507
100. Lee, D.E. and Bastron, H. (1967) Fractionation of rare-earth elements in allanite and monazite as related to geology of the Mt. Wheeler mine area, Nevada. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 339-356
101. Lemarchand, F., Villemant, B., and Calas, G. (1987) Trace element distribution coeffients in alkaline series. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1071-1081
102. Leroy, J.L. and Turpin, L. (1988) REE, Th and U behaviour during hydrothermal and supergene processes in a granitic environment. Chem. Geol. 68, 239-251
103. Lindahl, I. and Grauch, R.I. (1988) Be-REE-U-Sn mineralization in Precambrian granitic gneisses, Nordland County, Norway. In: Zachrisson, E. [Ed.], Proc. 7th Quadrennial IAGOD Symp., E. Scheizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 583-594
104. Lottermoser, B.G. (1989) Rare earth element study of exhalites within the Willyama Supergroup, Broken Hill Block, Australia. Mineral. Dep. 24, 92-99
105. Ludden, J.N. and Thompson, G. (1978) Behaviour of rare earth elements during submarine weathering of tholeiitic basalt. Nature 274, 147-149
106. Ludden, J.N. and Thompson, G. (1979) An evaluation of the behaviour of the rare earth elements during the weathering of sea-floor basalt Earth Planetary Science Letters, 85-92
107. Ludden, J., Gelinas, L., and Trudel, P. (1982) Archean metavolcanics from the Rouyn Noranda district, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec. 2. Mobility of trace elements and petrogenetic constraints. Canadian J. Earth Sei. 19, 2276-2287
108. MacLean, W.H. (1988) Rare earth element mobility at constant inter-REE ratios in the alteration zone at the Phelps Dodge massive sulphide deposit, Matagami, Quebec. Mineral. Dep. 23, 231-238
109. MacLean, W.H., Seymour, K., and Prabhu, M.K. (1982) Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ti, and REE in Grenville amphibolites at Montauban-les-Minews, Quebec. Canadian J. Earth Sei. 19, 633-644
110. Martin, R.F., Whitley, J.E., and Woolley, A.R. (1978) An investigation of rare-earth mobility: fenitized quartzites, Borralan complex, N.W. Scotland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66, 69-73
111. Masuda, A., Nakamura, N., and Tanaka, T. (1971) Rare earth elements in metagabbros from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and their possible implications for the genesis of alkali olivine basalts as well as the Lizard peridotite. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 32, 295-306
112. McLennan, S.M., Taylor, S.R., and McGregor, V.R. (1984) Geochemistry of Archean metasedimentary rocks from West Greenland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 1-13
113. Menzies, M. and Seyfried, Jr., W. (1979) Experimental evidence of rare earth element immobility in greenstones. Nature 282, 398-399
114. Menzies, M., Blanchard, D., and Jacobs, J. (1977) Rare earth and trace element geochemistry of metabasalts from the Point Sal ophiolite, California. Earth Planetary Science Letters 37, 203-215
115. Michard, A., Albarede, F., Michard, G., Minster, J.F., and Charlou, J.L. (1983) Rare-earth elements and uranium in high temperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent fieid (13'N). Nature 303, 795-797
116. Michard, Annie (1989) Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 745-750
117. Miyashiro, A. (1973) Metamorphism and metamorphic belts: John Wiley & Sons, New York, 492 p
118. Montigny, R., Bougault, H., Bottinga, Y., and Allegre, C.J. (1973) Trace element geochemistry and genesis of the Pindos ophiolite suite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 2135-2147
119. Muecke, G.K., Pride, C., and Sarkar, P. (1979) Rare-earth element geochemistry of regional metamorphic rocks. In: L.H. Ahrens [Ed.], Origin and distribution of the elements 2. Pergamon, London, 449-464
120. Nabelek, P.I. (1987), General equations for modeling fluid/rock interaction using trace elements and isotopes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1765-1769
121. Nelson, D.R., Crawford, A.J., and McCulloch, M.T. (1984) Nd-Sm isotopic and geochemical systematics in Cambrian boninites and tholeiites from Victoria, Australia. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88, 164-172
122. Norman, D.I., Condie, K.C., Smith, R.W., and Thomann, W.F. (1987) Geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of late Proterozoic volcanics and associated tin-bearing granites from the Franklin Mountains, west Texas. Canadian J. Earth Sei. 24, 830-839
123. Nutman, A.P. and Bridgwater, D. (1986) Early Archean Amitsoq tonolites and granites of the Isukasia area, southern West Greenland: development of the oldest-known sial. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 94, 137-148
124. Nystrom, J.O. (1984) Rare eare element mobility in vesicular lava during low-grade metamorphism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88, 328-331
125. O'Nions, R.K. and Pankhurst, R.J. (1974) Rare-earth element distribution in Archean gneisses and anorthosites, Godthab area, west Greenland. Earth Planetary Science Letters 22, 328-338
126. Olivarez, A.M. and Owen, R.M. (1989) REE/Fe variations in hydrothermal sediments: Implications for the REE content of seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 757-762
127. Ottonello, G., Emst, W.G., and Joron, J.L. (1984) Rare earth and 3d transition element geochemistry of peridotitic rocks: I. peridotites from the western Alps. J. Petrol. 25, 343-372
128. Patocka, F. (1987) The geochemistry of mafic volcanics: implications for the origin of the Devonian massive sulfide deposits at Zlate Hory, Czechoslovakia. Mineral. Dep. 22, 144-150
129. 2 data bearing on their alteration, modification by plagioclase, and possible source materials. Earth Planetary Science Letters 7, 293-299
130. Pride, C. and Muecke, G.K. (1980) Rare earth element geochemistry of the Scourin Complex, N.W. Scotland-evidence for the granite-granulite link. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 73, 403-412
131. Pride, C. and Muecke, G.K. (1981) Rare earth element distributions amoung coexisting granulite facies minerals, Scourian Complex, NW Scotland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76, 463-471
132. Puchelt, H. and Emmermann, R. (1976) Bearing of rare earth patterns of apatites from igneous and metamorphic rocks. Earth Planetary Science Letters 31, 279-286
133. Reiitan, P.H., Roelandts, I., and Brunfelt, A.O. (1980) Optimum ionic size for substitution in the M(2)-site in metamorphic diopside: N. Jahrb. Mineral. Monat. 4, 181-191
134. Reitan, P.H. and Roelandts, I. (1973) Rare earth partitioning: coexisting metamorphic pyroxenes. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Programs 5, 7, 778-779
135. Roaldset, Elen (1975) Rare earth element distributions in some Precambrian rocks and their phyllosilicates, Numedal, Norway. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, 455-469
136. Robertson, J.M. and Condie, K.C. (1989) Geology and geochemistry of early Proterozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks of the Pecos greenstone belt, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico. In: Grambling, J.A. and Tewksbury, B J. [Ed.], Proterozoic geology of the southern Rocky Mountains. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 235, Boulder, Colorado, 119-146
137. Rollinson, H.R. and Windley, B.F. (1980) Selective elemental depletion during metamorphism of Archean granulites, Scourie, NW Scotland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 72, 257-263
138. Seifert, K.E., Cole, M.R.W., and Brunotte, D.A. (1985) REE mobility due to alteration of Indian Ocean basalt. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 22, 1884-1887
139. Seifert, K.E., Cole, M.R.W., and Brunotte, D.A. (1987) REE mobility due to alteration of Indian Ocean basalt reply. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 24, 193
140. Sevigny, J.H. (1988) Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic amphibolites and ultramafic rocks, southeastern Canadian Cordillera. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25, 1323-1337
141. Sighinolfi, G.P., Figueredo, M.C.H., Fyfe, W.S., Kronberg, B.I., and Tanner Oliveira, M.A.F. (1981) Geochemistry and petrology of the Jequie granulitic complex (Brasil): an Archean basement complex. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 78, 263-271
142. Sivell, W.J. (1986) A basaltic-ferrobasaltic granulite association, Oonagalabi gneiss complex, central Australia: magmatic variation in an early Proterozoic rift. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 93, 381-394
143. Smewing, J.D. and Potts, PJ. (1976) Rare-earth abundances in basalts and metabasalts from the Troodos Massif, Cyprus. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 57, 245-258
144. Snoke, A.W., McKee, E.H., and Stern, T.W. (1979) Plutonic, metamorphic, and structural chronology in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada: a preliminary report. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. Programs 11, 520-521
145. Stahle, H.J., Raith, M., Hoernes, S., and Delfs, A. (1987) Element mobility during incipient granulite formation at Kabbaldurga, southern India. J. Petrology 28, 5, 803-834
146. Staudigel, Hubert and Hart, S.R. (1983) Alteration of basaltic glass: Mechanisms and significance for the oceanic crust-seawater budget. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 337-350
147. Stille, P. and Tatsumoto, M. (1985) Precambrian tholeiitic-dacitic rock-suites and Cambrian ultramafic rocks in the Pennine nappe system of the Alps: evidence from Sm-Nd isotopes and rare earth elements. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 89, 184-192
148. Strong, D. F. (1984) Rare earth elements in volcanic rocks of the Buchans area, Newfoundland. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 21, 775-780
149. Sun, Shen-Su and Nesbitt, R.W. (1978) Petrogenesis of Archean ultrabasic and basic volcanics: evidence from rare earth elements. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 65, 301-325
150. Sylvester, P.J., Attoh, Kodjo, and Schulz, K.J. (1987) Tectonic setting of late Archean bimodal volcanism in the Michipicoten (Wawa) greenstone belt, Ontario. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 24, 1120-1134
151. Taylor, R.P. and Fryer, B.J. (1983) Rare earth element lithogeochemistry of granitoid mineral deposits. CIM Bulletin 76, 74-84
152. Taylor, S.R., Rudnick, R.L., McClennan, S.M., and Eriksson, K.A. (1986) Rare earth element patterns in Archean high-grade metasediments and their tectonic significance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2267-2279
153. Thurston, P.C. and Fryer, B.J. (1983) The geochemistry of repetitive cyclical volcanism from basalt through rhyolite in the Uchi-Confederation greenstone belt, Canada. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 83, 204-226
154. Ueng, W.C., Fox, T.P., Larue, D.K., and Wilband, J.T. (1988) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the early Proterozoic Hemlock volcanic rocks and Kiernan sills, southern Lake Superior region. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 25, 528-546
155. Uitterdijk Appel, P.W. and Mahabaleswar, B. (1988) Secular trends in rare earth element patterns of Precambrian iron-formations from India and Greenland. J. Geol. Soc. India, 32, 3, 214-226
156. Ujike, Osamu (1984) Chemical composition of Archean Pontiac metasediments, southwestern Abitibi belt, Superior Province. Canadian J. Earth Sci. 21, 727-731
157. van Breemen, O. and Hawkesworth, C.J. (1980) Sm-Nd isotopic study of garnets and their metamorphic host rocks: Royal Soc. Edinburg, Trans. 71, 2, 97-102
158. van de Kamp, P.C. (1969) Origin of amphibolites in the Beartooth Mountains, Wyoming and Montana: new data and interpretation. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 80, 1127-1136
159. Vocke, R.D., Jr., Hanson, G.N., and Grunenfelder, M. (1987) Rare earth element mobility in the Roffna Gneiss, Switzerland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 145-154
160. Walker, R.J., Hanson, G.N., Papike, J.J., and O'Neil, J.R. (1986) Nd, O and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Precambrian rocks, southern Black Hills, South Dakota. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2833-2846
161. Watson, E.B. (1985) Henry's law behavior in simple systems and magmas: Criteria for discerning concentration-dependent partition coefficients in nature. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 917-923
162. Weaver, B.L., Tarney, John, Windley, B.F., and Leake, B.E. (1982) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archean metavolcanic amphibolites from Fiskenaesset, S.W. Greenland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2203-2215
163. Weaver, B.L. (1980) Rare-earth element geochemistry of Madras granulites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 71, 271-279
164. 2 vapor results and implications for the formation of light rare earth-enriched rocks. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 69, 409-419
165. Whitford, D.J., Korsch, M.J., Porritt, P.M., and Craven, S.J. (1988) Rare-earth element mobility around the volcanogenic polymetallic massive sulfide deposit at Que River, Tasmania, Australia. Chem. Geol. 68, 105-119
166. Willams, C.T. and Floyd, P.A. (1981) The localised distribution of U and other incompatible elements in spilitic pillow basalts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 78, 111-117
167. Wood, D.A., Gibson, I.L., and Thompson, R.N. (1976) Element mobility during zeolite facies metamorphism of the Tertiary basalts of eastern Iceland. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 55, 241-254
168. Wronkiewicz, D.J. and Condie, K.C. (1987) Geochemistry of Archean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source-area weathering and provenance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 2401-2416
169. Zayats, A.P. and Kuts, V.P. (1964) Rare earth elements in the accessory minerals of gneisses in the Ukrainian crystalline shield. Geochem. Int'l. 1, 1126-1128
170. Zielinski, R.A. and Frey, F.A. (1974) An experimental study of the partitioning of a rare earth element (Gd) in the system diopside-aqueous vapor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 545-565