More secure less free?: Antiterrorism policy & civil liberties after september 11

More Secure, Less Free?: Antiterrorism Policy and Civil Liberties After September 11

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-238

  Sidel, Mark ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85058757479     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (537)

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2. Marcella David, “Avoiding the T-Word: America Can’t Treat Abu Ghraib as ‘Torture Lite,'" International Herald Tribune, May 24, 2004.
3. Diane Marie Amann, “Guantanamo,” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 42 (2004): 263-348.
4. “Symposium: Reflections on the Criminal Justice System after September 11,” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 1 (2003): 1-131.
5. Grayson A. Hoffman, “Litigating Terrorism: The New FISA Regime, the Wall, and the Fourth Amendment,” American Criminal Law Review 40 (2003): 1655-82.
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8. Adrien Wing, “Civil Rights in the Post 911 World: Critical Race Praxis, Coalition Building, and the War on Terrorism,” Louisiana Law Review 63 (2003): 717-57.
9. David Cole, “Judging the Next Emergency: Judicial Review and Individual Rights in Times of Crisis,” Michigan Law Review 101 (2002-3): 2565-93.
10. Eric Posner and Adrien Vermeule, “Accommodating Emergencies,” Stanford Law Review 56 (2003): 605-44.
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12. Mark Tushnet, “Defending Korematsu? Reflections on Civil Liberties in Wartime,” Wisconsin Law Review 2003 (2003): 273-306.
13. “Spy Agency Mined Vast Data Trove, Officials Report,” New York Times, December 24, 2005.
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27. “Reading over Your Shoulder: The Push Is on to Shelve Part of the Patriot Act,” Boston Globe, March 9, 2004.
28. “Patriot Act under Literary Assault,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (PA), April 2, 2004.
29. “Justice Department Blocks Judge’s Request; Government Won’t Say If It Used Patriot Powers in ACLU Suit,” Detroit News, May 21, 2004.
30. “Justice Department Should Reveal Use of Patriot Act,” editorial, Detroit News, May 23, 2004.
31. “You’re Being Watched,” Los Angeles Times, May 26, 2004.
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36. Cynthia Brown, ed., Lost Liberties: Ashcroft and the Assault on Personal Freedom (New York: New Press, 2003).
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38. Richard C. Leone and Greg Anrig, Jr., eds., The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism (New York: Century Foundation, 2003).
39. Charles Lugosi, “Rule of Law or Rule by Law: The Detention of Yaser Hamdi,” American Journal of Criminal Law 30 (2003): 225-78.
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41. Adb Samad Moussaoui, Zacarias, My Brother: The Making of a Terrorist (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2003).
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43. “Justice Department Must Clarify Role in Inquiry,” New York Times, May 15, 2004.
44. “Justices Hint That They’ll Rule on Challenge Filed by Detainee,” New York Times, March 29, 2006.
45. Department of Justice, as reported by the Center for Democracy and Technology (www.cdt.org), September 18, 2003.
46. Charles Doyle, USA Patriot Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on December 31, 2005, Congressional Research Service Report RL32186 (January 2, 2004).
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51. “Patriot Act Revisions Pass House, Sending Measure to President,” New York Times, March 8, 2006.
52. Center for Public Integrity, Justice Department Drafts Sweeping Expansion of Anti-Terrorist Act, February 7, 2003.
53. Jack M. Balkin, “A Dreadful Act II,” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 2003.
54. ACLU, ACLU Opposes Ashcroft Government Surveillance Bill, March 4, 2003.
55. ACLU, On Eve of War, New Right-Left Letter Opposes Justice Department Plans for Legislation That Would Diminish Liberty, March 17, 2003.
56. “Patriot 2: The Eyes Have It,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 11, 2003.
57. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 11, 2003.
58. “Curtain Goes up on Ashcroft’s Patriot Act II,” Houston Chronicle, June 15, 2003.
59. John Podesta, “Bush’s Secret Government,” American Prospect, September 2003.
60. “Patriot Act, Part II,” New York Times, September 22, 2003.
61. “Despite Assurances, Bush’s Antiterror Plan Is Rekindling Concern,” New York Times, September 14, 2003.
62. “Americans Rise against ‘Patriot Act,'" San Francisco Chronicle, September 14, 2003.
63. ACLU Interested Persons Memo Updating the Status of “Pieces of Patriot II” Proposals, Oct. 8, 2003, www.aclu.org/safeandfree.
64. Laura Murphy, “Remarks at the National Press Club” (August 25, 2003).
65. ACLU, ACLU Opposes Ashcroft Government Surveillance Bill, 3.
66. ACLU, The Five Problems with CAPPS II, August 25, 2003.
67. “Air Security Focusing on Flier Screening,” Washington Post, September 4, 2003.
68. “A Suspect Computer Program,” Los Angeles Times, October 2, 2003.
69. “Standing Watch,” Washington Post, July 20, 2002.
70. ACLU, Caught in the Backlash: Stories from Northern California (2003).
71. San Francisco Chronicle, September 28, 2002.
72. “Intelligence Official Will Lead TSA Profiling Effort,” Washington Post, December 24, 2002.
73. “Air Security Network Advances,” Washington Post, March 1, 2003.
74. “A Safer Sky or Welcome to Flight 1984?" New York Times, March 11, 2003.
75. “Travel Industry and Privacy Groups Object to a U.S. Screening Plan for Airline Passengers,” New York Times, March 6, 2003.
76. “Passenger Screening Plan Assailed,” Washington Post, March 26, 2003.
77. “Aviation ID System Stirs Doubts,” Washington Post, March 14, 2003.
78. “Surveillance Proposal Expanded,” Washington Post, July 31, 2003.
79. New York Times, November 20, 2003.
80. “U.S. and Europeans Agree on Sharing of Airline Passenger Data,” New York Times, December 17, 2003.
81. “TSA May Try to Force Airlines to Share Data,” Washington Post, September 27, 2003.
82. ACLU, Legislation Mandating GAO Report on CAPPS II, February 11, 2004.
83. “Northwest Gave U.S. Data on Passengers,” Washington Post, January 18, 2004.
84. “Airline Gave Government Information on Passengers,” New York Times, January 18, 2004.
85. “Top Airline Executives to Discuss Privacy Policy,” Washington Post, January 21, 2004.
86. “Privacy Issues Slow Updated Airline Security,” New York Times, April 11, 2004.
87. “U.S., EU Will Share Passenger Records; Ridge Calls Agreement ‘Essential,’ " Washington Post, May 29, 2004.
88. “Flier Registration Program to Be Tested,” Washington Post, June 17, 2004.
89. “U.S. ‘Reshaping’ Airport Screening System,” Washington Post, July 16, 2004.
90. “A Plan for Screening at Airports Is Dropped,” Washington Post, July 25, 2004.
91. “TSA Readies Revised Aviation Screening,” Washington Post, August 26, 2004.
92. “Airport Screening System Touted as Improvement,” Washington Post, August 27, 2004.
93. “Screening Plans Went Beyond Terrorism,” New York Times, September 19, 2004.
94. ACLU, The Four Biggest Problems with the “Secure Flight” Airline Security Program, March 24, 2005.
95. ACLU, “Secure Flight” Compared to Predecessor Program CAPPS II, March 29, 2005, www.aclu.org.
96. “U.S. Orders Airlines to Release Fliers’ Data,” Washington Post, September 22, 2004.
97. “Bahamas Firm Screens Personal Data to Assess Risk; Operation Avoids U.S. Privacy Rules,” Washington Post, October 16, 2004.
98. “Air Travel Screening Snagged,” Washington Post, November 20, 2004.
99. ACLU, Government Report Shows TSA Violated Privacy Act with Screening Program, July 22, 2005, www.aclu.org.
100. Timothy D. Sparapani, “Secure Flight and Registered Traveler: A Flawed Assumption That Behavior Is Predictable Leads to New Security Weaknesses while Threatening Civil Liberties and Privacy,” Testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, February 2, 2006, www.aclu.org.
101. www.thememoryhole.org.
102. “What Is Operation TIPS?" editorial, Washington Post, July 14, 2002.
103. “Planned Volunteer-Informant Corps Elicits '1984' Fears,” Washington Times, July 16, 2002.
104. Jesse Walker, “Roll over, James Madison: Where Have All the Federalists Gone?" Reason, November 2002.
105. “Postal Service Snubs Operation TIPS,” CNN, July 18, 2002, www.cnn.com.
106. “TIPS Jar Half-Empty in Bid for Bay Area Watchdogs,” Argus (Fremont, CA), September 6, 2002.
107. Robert Levy (Cato Institute), “United We Stand, but We’ll Snoop Divided,” Los Angeles Times, July 22, 2002.
108. Nat Hentoff, “Ashcroft’s Master Plan to Spy on Us,” Village Voice, August 2, 2002.
109. "‘There’s a Problem When U.S. Deputizes Everyone,'" Telegraph Herald (Dubuque, IA), September 18, 2002.
110. “Retirees Answer the Call to Hunt for Terrorists,” New York Times, May 4, 2005.
111. ACLU, The Surveillance-Industrial Complex, August 2004, www.aclu.org.
112. “Private Pilots Enlisted for Security,” Washington Post, October 10, 2002.
113. “Truck Drivers Are Deputized to Watch Pa. Roads,” Philadelphia Inquirer, August 9, 2002.
114. “Nation’s 3 Million Truckers Enlist in War on Terrorism,” Detroit News, June 5, 2002.
115. Nat Hentoff, “Ashcroft’s Shadowy Disciple,” Village Voice, November 26, 2002.
116. “Road Signs Spur Calls to Terrorism Tip Line,” Washington Times, March 26, 2003.
117. “The Hub,” Boston Magazine, September 2003.
118. “Air Force Asks Americans to Use Their ‘Eagle Eyes,'" Bossier Press-Tribune (Bossier, LA), March 13, 2003, www.bossierpress.com.
119. “Eagle Eyes Program Involves Everyone,” April 17, 2003, afmc.wpafb.af.mil.
120. ascpa.public.wpafb.af.mil.
121. “Keep Your Eagle Eyes Open,” March 28, 2003, www.dcmilitary.com (accessed February 20, 2004).
122. Brigadier General Eric Patterson, “Eagle Eyes up and Running around Air Force,” Global Reliance Magazine, May-June 2002, www.dtic.mill/afosi/global/ (accessed February 20, 2004).
123. “DoD Logging Unverified Tips,” Wired, June 25, 2003.
124. “Air Force Needs Citizens’ Help; Onlookers Might Be Able to Spot Suspicious Activity,” Daily News of Los Angeles, April 14, 2004.
125. “Pentagon Expanding Its Domestic Surveillance Activity; Fears of Post-9/11 Terrorism Spur Proposals for New Powers,” Washington Post, November 27, 2005.
126. “Defense Facilities Pass along Reports of Suspicious Activity; ‘Raw Information’ from Military, Civilians Is Given to Pentagon,” Washington Post, December 11, 2005.
127. Defense Department, Report to Congress Regarding the Terrorism Information Awareness Program, May 20, 2003.
128. Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General, Information Technology Management: Information Technology Awareness Program (D-2004-033), December 12, 2003.
129. John Poindexter, Overview of the Information Awareness Office, DARPA, August 2, 2002, www.fas.org.
130. William Safire, “You Are a Suspect,” New York Times, November 14, 2002.
131. Department of Defense, Information Technology Management, 28-29.
132. Department of Defense, Information Technology Management, 2.
133. Department of Defense, Information Technology Management, i, ii.
134. Anita Ramasastry, “The Safeguards Needed for Government Data Mining,” January 7, 2004, www.findlaw.com
135. “Panel Urges New Protection on Federal ‘Data Mining,'" New York Times, May 17, 2004.
136. “U.S. Agencies Collect, Examine Personal Data on Americans,” Washington Times, May 28, 2004.
137. “Matrix Links up Private Data,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 10, 2003.
138. “U.S. Backs Florida’s New Counterterrorism Database,” Washington Post, August 6, 2003.
139. IIR/Seisint, Matrix Facts brochure, www.aclu.org.
140. “U.S. Backs Florida’s New Counterterrorism Database,” Washington Post, August 6, 2003.
141. “FDLE Will Tap into Multistate Terrorism Data Link,” St. Petersburg Times, September 16, 2003.
142. “U.S. Backs Florida’s New Counterterrorism Database,” Washington Post, August 6, 2003.
143. “From Drugs to Databases,” Sun-Sentinel (Ft. Lauderdale, FL), January 11, 2004.
144. Matrix Michigan Briefing, May 8, 2003, www.aclu.org.
145. “Speedy Database Helps Cops Connect the Dots,” Orlando Sentinel, August 24, 2003.
146. “Big Brother Virginia,” Washington Post, August 31, 2003.
147. Southeastern Legal Foundation, Stop the Matrix in Georgia, October 15, 2003.
148. “Fear Real-Life Matrix Will Be Monitoring You,” New York Daily News, November 23, 2003.
149. "2 More States Back off Matrix,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 17, 2003.
150. “Matrix and Privacy: Debate over Information Hits Close to Home,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 19, 2003.
151. “Perdue Rethinks Matrix,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 22, 2003.
152. “Ohio May Join in Multistate Database,” Columbus Dispatch, October 25, 2003.
153. “Controversial Ohio Law Elicits Questions,” Post (Athens, OH), University Wire, June 4, 2004.
154. www.iir-global.org
155. www.aclu.org/privacy.
156. “Anti-Terror Database Got Show at White House,” Washington Post, May 21, 2004.
157. “Big Brother Database Poses Risk to Privacy,” editorial, Detroit News, May 26, 2004.
158. “Total Information Awareness II?" St. Petersburg Times (FL), May 31, 2004.
159. “Court Ruling Should Prompt State to Drop Data Network,” editorial, Detroit News, February 21, 2005.
160. “Data under Siege; ID Thieves Breach LexisNexis, Obtain Information on 32,000,” Washington Post, March 10, 2005.
161. “State Police to Withdraw from Anti-Terror Network” (Michigan), Sun-Sentinel, March 8, 2005.
162. “Matrix Undone,” editorial, Hartford Courant, March 13, 2005.
163. “Privacy Intruder; Michigan Correctly Drops Out of Matrix System,” Detroit Free Press, March 15, 2005.
164. ACLU, ACLU Applauds End of “Matrix” Program, April 15, 2005, www.aclu.org.
165. “ACLU Presses State Not to Use Database, Citing Privacy Issues; Officials Say Facts, Matrix Programs Help Catch Criminals,” Columbus Dispatch, April 22, 2005.
166. “Matrix System Major Flop; Multistate Database Has Fallen Apart,” Hartford Courant, May 31, 2005.
167. ACLU, The Surveillance-Industrial Complex, August 2004, www.aclu.org.
168. www.ncsl.org
169. thomas.loc.gov/home/terrorleg.htm
170. www.csg.org/csg/default
171. ACLU, Insatiable Appetite: The Government’s Demand for New and Unnecessary Powers after September 11 (2002), 11.
172. “Frenzy to Adopt Terrorism Laws Starts to Recede,” Wall Street Journal, March 27, 2002.
173. National Conference of State Legislatures, State Legislation Addressing Terrorism, December 2001.
174. National Conference of State Legislatures, State Legislation Addressing Terrorism, December 2001, 82.
175. “Michigan Lawmakers Seek Balance on Police Power,” Gannett News Service, October 11, 2001.
176. “Michigan Moves to Bolster Safety,” Lansing State Journal, October 18, 2001.
177. ACLU of Michigan Civil Liberties Newsletter, October 2001.
178. “Legislators Push for Laws to Spy,” Detroit News, November 1, 2001.
179. “State’s Terror Legislation Is Premature,” editorial, Port Huron Times Herald (Port Huron, MI), December 11, 2001.
180. “State Proposes List of New Anti-Terrorism Protections,” Lansing State Journal, December 12, 2001.
181. ACLU of Michigan, ACLU Warns Legislature to Proceed Cautiously, January 24, 2002.
182. “State Lawmakers Pass Wiretap Measure,” Lansing State Journal, January 30, 2002.
183. “Any State Wiretap Law Would Be Tailor-Made,” Detroit News, March 1, 2002.
184. “House, Senate Wrap up Session,” Detroit News, November 28, 2001.
185. ACLU of Michigan, Anti-Terrorism Legislation, January 28, 2002.
186. ACLU of Michigan Civil Liberties Newsletter, February 2002.
187. “Drug Raid Causes Concerns,” Detroit News, August 1, 2002.
188. Karen Dunne Woodsie and Alan Gershel, “The U.S.A. Patriot Act and Michigan’s Anti-Terrorism Laws,” Michigan Bar Journal 82 (February 2003): 20-23.
189. www.aclumich.org.
190. “Big Brother Database Poses Risk to Privacy,” editorial, Detroit News, May 26, 2004.
191. “Is Michigan Spying on You?" ACLU of Michigan News, December 2003.
192. Cynthia L. Webb, “Homeland Security Growing Pains,” Washingtonpost.com, April 1, 2004.
193. “Database Measured ‘Terrorism Quotient,'" eWeek.com, May 21, 2004.
194. “Privacy and the Matrix (Discussion with Barry Steinhardt, ACLU),” Washingtonpost.com, May 27, 2004.
195. Heather MacDonald, “What We Don’t Know Can Hurt Us,” City Journal (The Manhattan Institute) (spring 2004): 14-31.
196. “Court Ruling Should Prompt State to Drop Data Network; Wayne Circuit Judge Gives Go-ahead for Suit Challenging Intrusive Police Information-Gathering,” editorial, Detroit News, February 21, 2005.
197. “Privacy Intruder; Michigan Correctly Drops Out of Matrix System,” editorial, Detroit Free Press, March 15, 2005.
198. “State Legislature Approves Tough Anti-Terrorism Laws,” New York Law Journal, September 18, 2001.
199. Matthew Purdy and Lowell Bergman, “Unclear Danger: Inside the Lackawanna Terror Case,” New York Times, October 12, 2003.
200. National Conference of State Legislatures, State Legislation Addressing Terrorism (December 2001).
201. Richard Greenberg and Steven Yurowitz, “Analyzing New York’s Anti-Terrorism Statute,” New York Law Journal, May 13, 2002.
202. “Pataki Proposes Terrorism Bill,” New York Law Journal, November 2, 2001.
203. Jerrold L. Steigman, “Reversing Reform: The Handschu Settlement in Post-September 11 New York City,” Journal of Law and Policy 11 (2003): 745-99.
204. www.nyclu.org.
205. www.publichealthlaw.net/Resources/Modellaws.htm
206. Lawrence O. Gostin, Jason W. Sapsin, Stephen P. Teret, Scott Burris, Julie Samia Mair, James G. Hodge, Jr., and Jon S. Vernick, “The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act: Planning for and Response to Bioterrorism and Naturally Occurring Infectious Diseases,” Journal of the American Medical Association 288 (2002): 622-28.
207. H. Jack Geiger, “Protecting Civil Liberties” and “Public Health and Civil Liberties: A Critique of the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act,” in Terrorism and Public Health: A Balanced Approach to Strengthening Systems and Protecting People, ed. Barry Levy and Victor Sidel (New York: Oxford, 2003).
208. “Pataki’s Bill on Terrorism Passes Senate,” New York Times, February 12, 2003.
209. Legislative Memo: Anti-terrorism Package, www.nyclu.org.
210. Bob Perry, “September 11 Opportunism,” NY Civil Liberties, summer 2003, www.nyclu.org.
211. New York Civil Liberties Union, Rights Advocates Raise Strong Objections to New Antiterrorism Legislation, www.nyclu.org/antiterror_03/203.html, March 12, 2003.
212. “State Bar Attacks Parts of Terrorism Legislation,” New York Law Journal, April 3, 2003.
213. “A Summary of the Major Actions of the Legislature’s 226th Session,” New York Times, June 29, 2003.
214. “Pataki Calls for Stronger Laws to Fight Crime and Terrorism,” New York Times, January 8, 2004.
215. “State of the Governor,” New York Times, January 8, 2004.
216. “Bush Visit Buoys Pataki on Antiterror Legislation,” New York Times, May 1, 2004.
217. “Overseeing Impact of Antiterrorism Initiatives on Immigrant Communities” (February 11, 2004), at www.nyclu.org.
218. “Raw Politics and Rawer Nerves Accompany Albany Terror Debate,” New York Times, March 17, 2004.
219. “Silver Offers Antiterror Plan as Feud with Pataki Grows,” New York Times, March 24, 2004.
220. “Emergency Radio to Span New York,” New York Times, May 1, 2004.
221. Kimberly A. Felix, “Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Changing Threat and the Evolving Solution,” McGeorge Law Review 34 (winter 2003): 391-97.
222. National Conference of State Legislatures, Protecting Democracy (December 2001).
223. ACLU of Northern California, ACLU Responds to Governor Davis’s State of the State Message, January 10, 2002.
224. Newsbytes, January 16, 2002.
225. ACLU of Northern California News, March/April, 2002.
226. “Governor Signs Crucial Reproductive Rights Bill-Vetoes Other Key Measures,” ACLU of Northern California News, November/December 2002.
227. Sacramento Report, ACLU of Northern California News, May 2002.
228. “Spying: State Rules Tougher; State, Feds Differ on Spying,” Long Beach Press Telegram, October 17, 2003.
229. “Lockyer: Don’t Link Activists, Terrorists,” Oakland Tribune, May 21, 2003.
230. “Lockyer Shakes up Anti-terror Agency,” Oakland Tribune, May 23, 2003.
231. “How Far Is Too Far to Halt Terror?" Oakland Tribune, June 1, 2003.
232. “State’s Terror Analysts Reined In,” Oakland Tribune, June 15, 2003.
233. “Lockyer’s Spying Reforms Not Enough, Activists Say,” Oakland Tribune, August 3, 2003.
234. “California ‘Anti-Terror’ Databases Unchecked,” Znet, www.zmag.org, July 3, 2003.
235. “ICLU Fears Excess in Wake of 9-11,” Des Moines Register, October 28, 2001.
236. “A Peace Activist or a Sheriff’s Spy?" Los Angeles Times, June 23, 2004.
237. “Civil Libertarians Decry Police Intelligence Squads,” Scripps Howard News Service, August 24, 2004.
238. “ACLU Asks State If It Is Providing Data to FBI; Group Concerned after Iraq Meeting at Stanford Watched,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 22, 2005.
239. “New Take on Anti-terror Law; 2002 Shooting of 10-year-old Bronx Girl Prompts DA to Go after Alleged Gang Members as Terrorists,” Newsday (New York), January 9, 2005.
240. “N.Y. Using Terrorism Law to Prosecute Street Gang; Critics Say Post-9/11 Legislation Is Being Applied Too Broadly,” Washington Post, February 1, 2005.
241. “Terror Charges Filed in Watauga Drug Case; DA Hopes Law Will End Spread of Meth Labs,” Winston-Salem Journal (NC), July 16, 2003.
242. “Watauga Prosecutor Fights Ruling on Using Terror Law in Meth Cases,” Winston-Salem Journal, November 13, 2003.
243. “Va. Court Upholds Muhammad Sentences,” Washington Post, April 23, 2005.
244. “Kilgore Backs Death Penalty for Accomplices,” Washington Post, June 21, 2005.
245. www.independentsector.org.
246. September 11: Perspectives from the Field of Philanthropy (New York: Foundation Center, 2001).
247. Foundation Center, Philanthropy’s Response to September 11: A Resource List, www.fdncenter.org.
248. Alec Mandl, “The Philanthropic Response to 9/11: A Practical Analysis with Recommendations” (2003).
249. Debra Blum, “Review of 9/11 Response Finds Charities Missed Opportunity to Lead,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, December 11, 2003.
250. Stephen G. Greene, “Seeking Control in Court,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, November 28, 2002.
251. Grant Williams, “Turmoil at the Red Cross,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, November 1, 2001.
252. Deborah Sontag, “Who Brought Bernadine Healy Down?" New York Times Magazine, December 23, 2001.
253. Mark Sidel, “The Nonprofit Sector and the New State Activism,” Michigan Law Review 100 (May 2002): 1312-35.
254. “F.B.I. Raids 2 of the Biggest Muslim Charities,” New York Times, December 15, 2001.
255. “Some Charities Suspected of Terrorist Role,” New York Times, February 19, 2000.
256. “Muslims Ask Where They Can Send Donations,” Chicago Sun-Times, April 21, 2003.
257. “Muslims Hesitating on Gifts as U.S. Scrutinizes Charities,” New York Times, April 17, 2003.
258. “In U.S., Muslims Alter Their Giving,” Washington Post, January 4, 2003.
259. “Florida Arrest Renews Debate over Muslim Charities,” Washington Post, December 7, 2002.
260. “Muslim Charities Accuse Government of Harming Their Fund Raising,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, January 9, 2003.
261. “After Indictment, Protesters Rally,” New York Times, October 10, 2002.
262. “Islamic Charity Still Faces Charges,” New York Times, May 14, 2002.
263. “Charity Tied to Terror,” New York Times, May 1, 2002.
264. “Bin Laden Relative Linked to '93 Trade Center Bombers,” New York Times, May 2, 2002.
265. “After Sept. 11, a Little-Known Court Has a Greater Role,” New York Times, May 3, 2002.
266. “U.S.-Based Charity Is under Scrutiny,” New York Times, June 14, 2002.
267. “Federal Judge Drops Charges of Perjury in Chicago,” New York Times, September 14, 2002.
268. “U.S. Indicts Head of Islamic Charity in Qaeda Financing,” New York Times, October 10, 2002.
269. Salam Al-Marayati, “Indict Individuals, Not Charities,” New York Times, October 11, 2002.
270. “Charity Leader Accepts a Deal in a Terror Case,” New York Times, February 11, 2003.
271. "3 Muslim Charities No Longer Tax-Exempt,” New York Times, November 15, 2003.
272. “Some Charities Suspected of Terrorist Role,” New York Times, February 19, 2000.
273. “U.S.-Based Muslim Charity Raided by NATO in Kosovo,” New York Times, December 18, 2001.
274. “Transcripts Offer First Look at Secret Federal Hearings,” New York Times, April 22, 2002.
275. “Judge Rules the Hearing for a Detainee Must Be Open,” New York Times, April 4, 2002.
276. “Danny Hakim, Court Weighs Opening of an Immigration Hearing,” New York Times, April 11, 2002.
277. “A Court Backs Open Hearings on Deportation,” New York Times, August 27, 2002.
278. “Excerpts from the Ruling against Secret Hearings,” New York Times, August 27, 2002.
279. “A Win for Open Trials,” editorial, New York Times, August 28, 2002.
280. “U.S. Defends Secret Evidence in Charity Case,” New York Times, October 30, 2002.
281. “Asylum Denied to Co-Founder of Foundation,” New York Times, November 24, 2002.
282. “U.S. Deports Charity Leader in Visa Dispute,” New York Times, July 16, 2003.
283. “Deportation for Terror Suspect’s Family,” New York Times, July 29, 2003.
284. “Prosecutors Link Smuggler to Terrorism,” New York Times, November 28, 2003.
285. “After a Long, Slow Climb to Respectability, a Muslim Charity Experiences a Rapid Fall,” New York Times, December 10, 2001.
286. “Some Charities Suspected of Terrorist Role,” New York Times, February 19, 2000.
287. “Muslim Group Can Be Sued, Judges Decide,” New York Times, June 6, 2002.
288. "8 Groups in U.S. Protest Bush Move against Foundation,” New York Times, December 5, 2001.
289. “Bush Freezes Assets of Biggest U.S. Muslim Charity, Calling It a Deadly Terror Group,” New York Times, December 5, 2001.
290. “In Texas, Donors to Muslim Charity See the at Raids by Government,” New York Times, December 6, 2001.
291. “Large Charity Blocks Funds to Several Islamic Groups,” New York Times, December 7, 2001.
292. “Group Sues Over Frozen Assets, Saying U.S. Violated Rights,” New York Times, March 9, 2002.
293. “Court Upholds Freeze on Assets of Muslim Group Based in U.S.,” New York Times, June 21, 2003.
294. “U.S. Islamic Charities Fear Slump as Ramadan Begins,” San Francisco Chronicle, November 5, 2002.
295. “Muslims Fear Freeze’s Effect,” Tampa Tribune (Tampa, FL), December 5, 2001.
296. Richard Moyers, “A Shocking Silence on Muslim Charities,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, October 17, 2002.
297. “Raids Seek Evidence of Money-Laundering,” New York Times, March 21, 2002.
298. “Muslims Hesitating on Gifts as U.S. Scrutinizes Charities,” New York Times, April 17, 2003.
299. “Muslim Charity Is Tied to Terror Group,” New York Times, May 30, 2003.
300. OMB Watch, The USA Patriot Act and Its Impact on Nonprofit Organizations (September 2003), www.ombwatch.org.
301. Independent Sector Analysis of the Patriot Act’s Effects on the Nonprofit Sector, www.independentsector.org.
302. “IRS Keeps Watch on Relief Charities,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, March 21, 2002.
303. www.usig.org
304. “Part of Patriot Act Is Struck Down,” Washington Post, January 27, 2004.
305. “Judge Rules against Patriot Act,” Los Angeles Times, January 27, 2004.
306. Anti-Terrorist Financing Guidelines: Voluntary Best Practices for U.S.-Based Charities, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, October 17, 2001.
307. www.treas.gov/press/releases/po3607.htm.
308. www.usig.org.
309. Betsy Buchalter Adler and Thomas Silk, U.S. Treasury’s Proposed Voluntary Guidelines for U.S.-Based Charities (Silk, Adler and Colvin law firm, November 2002).
310. William P. Fuller and Barnett Baron, “How War on Terror Hits Charity,” Christian Science Monitor, July 29, 2003.
311. Barnett Baron, Deterring Donors: Anti-Terrorist Financing Rules and American Philanthropy (Asia Foundation, October 2003).
312. Helmut Anheier and Siobhan Daly, The Future of Global Philanthropy and Anti-Terrorism Measures: Perspectives from Europe (UCLA, 2003).
313. Barnett Baron, “Deterring Donors: Anti-Terrorist Financing Rules and American Philanthropy,” International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, January 2004 (www.icnl.org).
314. Nina J. Crimm, “High Alert: The Government’s War on the Financing of Terrorism and Its Implications for Donors, Domestic Charitable Organizations, and Global Philanthropy,” William and Mary Law Review 45 (2004): 1341-1451.
315. Sahar Aziz, “The Laws on Providing Material Support to Terrorist Organizations: The Erosion of Constitutional Rights or a Legitimate Tool for Preventing Terrorism?" Texas Journal on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights 9 (2003): 45-91.
316. www.independentsector.org/programs/gr/international.html.
317. www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/key-issues/protecting/charitiesintro.shtml.
318. www.independentsector.org/programs/gr/TreasuryComments.pdf.
319. Debra Morris, “Charities and Terrorism: The Charity Commission Response,” International Journal of Not-For-Profit Law (September 2002), www.icnl.org.
320. John Stoker, “Weeding out the Infiltrators,” Guardian (U.K.), February 28, 2002.
321. Charity Commission, Charity Commission Policy on Charities and Their Alleged Links to Terrorism (May 2002), www.charitycommission.gov.uk/tcc/terrorism.asp.
322. Charity Commission, Operational Guidance: Charities and Terrorism, OG 96-28 (January 2003).
323. Charity Commission, Charities Working Internationally (2003).
324. Charity Commission, Inquiry Report, North London Central Mosque Trust (2003).
325. “British Arrest Radical Cleric U.S. Seeks,” New York Times, May 28, 2004.
326. Charity Commission, Inquiry Report, Society for the Revival of Islamic Heritage (2002).
327. Charity Commission, Inquiry Report, Minhaj-Ul-Quran UK (2003).
328. “More Than 300 Nonprofit Groups Protest a Federal Proposal on Advocacy,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, February 19, 2004.
329. www.fordfound.org/news/view_news_detail.cfm?news_index=85.
330. www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ny08_nadler/2003_11_18_ford.html.
331. “Ford Foundation Cuts Aid to Controversial Charity,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, November 27, 2003.
332. “U. of C., 8 Other Top Schools Say Grant Rules Stifle Academic Freedom,” Chicago Sun-Times, May 7, 2004.
333. “Stanford Protests Grants’ Anti-Terrorism Restrictions,” Stanford Daily, May 19, 2004.
334. newsservice.stanford.edu/news/2005/january26/minutes-012605.html.
335. www.aclu.safefree/general.
336. www.fordfound.org/news/view_news_detail.cfm?news_index=147.
337. http://www.opm.gov/cfc/opmmemos/2003/2003-10.asp.
338. ACLU, ACLU Announces Diverse Nonprofit Coalition Opposing Restrictions on Recipients of the Combined Federal Campaign, August 12, 2004, www.aclu.safefree/general.
339. “ACLU Board Is Split over Terror Watch Lists,” New York Times, July 31, 2004.
340. “ACLU to Withdraw from Charity Drive,” New York Times, August 1, 2004.
341. “Nonprofits Scramble to Meet Terror Rules; Worker Screening Required for CFC Funds,” Washington Post, August 14, 2004.
342. “Groups Sue OPM on Terrorism Rule; Charities Told to Screen Workers,” Washington Post, November 11, 2004.
343. “Charities Sue over Antiterrorism Certification Regulation,” New York Times, November 11, 2004.
344. ACLU, Citing Government “Blacklist” Policy, ACLU Rejects $500,000 from Funding Program, July 31, 2004.
345. “Requirement on Watch Lists Is Dropped,” New York Times, November 10, 2005.
346. American Association of University Professors (AAUP), Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis (October 2003), www.aaup.org.
347. Genevieve J. Knezo, Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions on Research, Development, and Higher Education, Congressional Research Service Report RL31354 (April 2002).
348. www.aau.edu.
349. www.aaas.org.
350. www.fas.org.
351. “U.S. Tightening Rules on Keeping Scientific Secrets,” New York Times, February 17, 2002.
352. MIT, In the Public Interest: Report of the Ad Hoc Faculty Committee on Access to and Disclosure of Scientific Information (June 2002).
353. Dana Shea, Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service Report RL31695 (January 2003).
354. Sharon Walsh, “The Drake Affair,” Chronicle of Higher Education, March 5, 2004.
355. “University Records on Antiwar Meeting Sought,” Washington Post, February 8, 2004.
356. “Federal Judge Orders Drake U. to Turn over Information on Antiwar Meeting,” Chronicle of Higher Education, February 9, 2004.
357. “McCarthyism Watch: Crackdown in Des Moines,” Progressive, February 9, 2004.
358. www.nlg.org.
359. ACLU, Feds Respond to Backlash, Quash Iowa Protestor Subpoenas, February 10, 2004, www.aclu.org.
360. “UT Islam Conference Prompts Army Investigation,” Associated Press (published in Fort Worth Star-Telegram and elsewhere), February 14, 2004.
361. “Presence of Army Agents Stirs Furor,” Houston Chronicle, February 14, 2004.
362. “Students Protest Probe of Islamic Conference,” Associated Press, February 16, 2004.
363. “Texas Campus Is Puzzled by Federal Agents’ Inquiry into Conference on Islam,” Chronicle of Higher Education, March 5, 2004.
364. “An Antiwar Forum in Iowa Brings Federal Subpoenas,” New York Times, February 10, 2004.
365. “Anti-War Inquiry Unrelated to Terror,” Des Moines Register, February 10, 2004.
366. “Prosecutors: Subpoenas Linked to Trespassing Case, Not Anti-War Rally,” Associated Press, February 10, 2004.
367. Harkin Calls on Ashcroft to Address Civil Liberties Concerns in Drake Case, Harkin press release, February 10, 2004, harkin.senate.gov.
368. “Federal Prosecutors Back off in Peace Probe,” Des Moines Register, February 10, 2004.
369. “Subpoenas on Antiwar Protest Are Dropped,” New York Times, February 11, 2004.
370. “U.S. Officials Drop Activist Subpoenas,” Des Moines Register, February 11, 2004.
371. “Drake Subpoena Concerns President,” Des Moines Register, February 11, 2004.
372. www.drake.edu/newsevents.
373. “Army Intelligence Agents Inquire about UT Islam Conference,” News 8 Austin, February 12, 2004, www.news8austin.com.
374. “A Rare but Needed Apology,” San Antonio Express-News, March 17, 2004.
375. House Committee on Science, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism: Balancing Openness and Security, Hearing before the Committee on Science, 107th Cong., 2d sess., October 10, 2002, segment 2, 12, commdocs.house.gov/committees/science.
376. “Letter from the American Council on Education (on behalf of other organizations) to the Department of Homeland Security: Comments on the Proposed SEVIS Fee Collection Process,” December 10, 2003, www.acenet.org (accessed March 1, 2004).
377. Rosemary Jenks and Steven A. Camarota, Falling behind on Security: Implementation of the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 (December 2003), www.cis.org.
378. Victor C. Romero, “Noncitizen Students and Immigration Policy Post-9/11,” Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 17 (2003): 357-67.
379. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 2, 10.
380. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 2, 1.
381. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 2, 2.
382. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 1, 10.
383. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 1, 7, n. 17.
384. www.ostp.gov.
385. www.ostp.gov.
386. National Academies’ Report on Post-September 11 Scientific Openness at Universities and transmittal letter, February 6, 2002, www.aau.edu.
387. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, segment 2, 62
388. Sensitive Security Information and Transportation Security, Congressional Research Service Report RS21727 (February 2004).
389. “Sensitive but Unclassified” and Other Federal Security Controls on Scientific and Technical Information, Congressional Research Service Report RL31845 (June 2003).
390. AAUP, Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis, n. 1.
391. www.fas.org/sgp/bush.
392. AAUP, Issue Brief: “Sensitive but Unclassified Information” (December 2003).
393. Federation of American Scientists, FAS Project on Government Secrecy, Secrecy News, September 3, 2002.
394. National Academies, Statement on Science and Security in an Age of Terrorism, October 18, 2002, nationalacademies.org.
395. www.aau.edu.
396. “Universities Urged to Protect Academic Freedom in Face of War,” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 31, 2003.
397. National Academies, Statement on Science and Security in an Age of Terrorism, October 18, 2002.
398. AAUP, Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis (October 2003), n. 1, 43.
399. Knezo, Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions, n. 1, 18.
400. Knezo, Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions, 20.
401. Knezo, Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions, 19.
402. Knezo, Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions, 25.
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405. MIT, In the Public Interest, iii.
406. House Committee, Conducting Research during the War on Terrorism, 107th Cong., 2d sess., segment 1, p. 54.
407. “One Year Later: Tighter Security Reshapes Research,” Science, September 6, 2002.
408. Charles Vest, Response and Responsibility: Balancing Security and Openness in Research and Education, Report of MIT President for the Academic Year 2001-2, 8.
409. “University of Texas Medical Branch Cites National Security in Denying Request for Data,” Chronicle of Higher Education, September 5, 2003.
410. “Restrictions Threaten Science,” Scientist, December 16, 2002.
411. “World’s Most Dangerous Germs: Coming to a Campus Near You?" Chronicle of Higher Education, April 25, 2003.
412. National Academies, Balanced Approach Needed to Mitigate Threats from Bioterrorism without Hindering Progress in Biotechnology, October 8, 2003.
413. “Spy Agency Mined Vast Data Trove, Officials Report,” New York Times, December 24, 2005.
414. “Is the Pentagon Spying on Americans? Secret Database Obtained by NBC News Tracks ‘Suspicious’ Domestic Groups,” MSNBC.com (NBC News), December 14, 2005.
415. “Surveillance Net Yields Few Suspects,” Washington Post, February 5, 2006.
416. “FBI Keeps Watch on Activists,” Los Angeles Times, March 27, 2006.
417. “Santa Cruz Students Nurture Anti-War Role; Pentagon Listing Has Made Them ‘Credible,'" San Francisco Chronicle, March 15, 2006.
418. reform.house.gov.
419. www.nafsa.org/_/Document/_/nafsa_addresses_nsc_denials.pdf.
420. “Scientist’s Visa Denial Sparks Outrage in India,” Washington Post, February 23, 2006.
421. "3 Indian Scientists Protest Delay in Getting U.S. Visas,” New York Times, February 24, 2006.
422. www.fas.org.
423. “Sensitive but Unclassified” Information and Other Controls: Policy and Options for Scientific and Technical Information, Congressional Research Service Report, February 15, 2006, www.fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/index.html.
424. The superb Secrecy News, published by the Federation of American Scientists and available at www.fas.org/sgp/news/secrecy/index.html.
425. “Archives Kept a Secrecy Secret; Agencies Removed Declassified Papers from Public Access,” Washington Post, April 12, 2006.
426. “National Archives Pact Let C.I.A. Withdraw Public Documents,” New York Times, April 18, 2006.
427. www.aaas.org/spp/post911/agents/resources.shtml.
428. John Mangels, “Plagued by Fear,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 26-April 2, 2006.
429. Yonah Alexander, ed., Combating Terrorism: Strategies of Ten Countries (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002).
430. Christopher Michaelsen, “International Human Rights on Trial: The United Kingdom’s and Australia’s Legal Response to 9/11,” Sydney Law Review 25 (2003): 275-303.
431. U.K. Home Office Summary of Terrorism Legislation, www.homeoffice.gov.uk.
432. Liberty, Anti-Terrorism Legislation in the United Kingdom (2002).
433. John Strawson, ed., Law after Ground Zero (London: Cavendish/Glasshouse Press, 2003).
434. Sally Broadbridge, The Anti-Terrorism, Crime, and Security Bill: Introduction and Summary, House of Commons Library (November 2001).
435. Kavita Modi and John Wadham, Anti-Terrorism Legislation in the United Kingdom and the Human Rights Concerns Arising from It (Liberty, March 2003).
436. Human Rights Watch (U.S.), Commentary on the Anti-Terrorism, Crime, and Security Bill 2001 (November 2001), www.hrw.org.
437. Philip A. Thomas, “Emergency and Anti-Terrorist Power: 9/11: USA and UK,” Fordham International Law Journal 26 (2003): 1193-1233.
438. Adam Tomkins, “Legislating Against Terror,” Public Law (summer 2002), 205.
439. Michaelsen, “International Human Rights on Trial,” n. 1.
440. Gareth Pierce, “Internment: The Truth behind the ‘War on Terror,'" Liberty Lecture at the London School of Economics, December 15, 2003, www.cacc.org.uk
441. Guardian, July 11, 2003.
442. John Wadham, “Terror Law Takes Liberties,” Guardian, March 10, 2002.
443. John Wadham, “Innocents Are Going to Be Locked Up,” Guardian, November 21, 2001.
444. Liberty, Internment of Terrorist Suspects Is Discriminatory, Breaches Human Rights Convention-SIAC Judgment Today, July 30, 2002.
445. Liberty, Discriminatory Internment of “Terrorist Suspects”: Home Office Wins Appeal, October 25, 2002.
446. Liberty, Gloucestershire Weapons Inspectors, and Berkshire CIA, Casualty of War: 8 Weeks of Counter-Terrorism in Rural England (July 2003) at www.liberty_human_rights.org.uk.
447. “Scrap Anti-Terror Detention Law,” British Broadcasting Corporation, December 18, 2003.
448. “Blunkett Defiant after Archbishop’s Attack on Detention,” Independent, December 22, 2003.
449. “Watchdog Says Terror Suspects Could Be Deported,” Guardian, February 12, 2004.
450. Liberty, Queen’s Speech Exposes the “Authoritarianism” at the Heart of the Government, November 26, 2003.
451. Liberty, Response to Government’s Civil Contingencies Bill, January 7, 2004.
452. “Government Backs down on Terror Bill,” Guardian, January 7, 2004.
453. “MPs Welcome Rethink on Anti-Terror Plans,” Guardian, January 8, 2004.
454. “CPS Chief Resists Blunkett Plan,” Guardian, February 10, 2004.
455. “Blunkett Anti-Terror Proposals Condemned,” Guardian, February 2, 2004.
456. “In Terror of Blunkett’s Security Measures,” Guardian, February 3, 2004.
457. “Lawyers Attack Blunkett Anti-Terror Plan,” Guardian, February 7, 2004.
458. www.liberty_human_rights.org.uk.
459. Iraq War “Spy Memo Case” Collapses, CNN, February 25, 2004, www.cnn.com (accessed March 1, 2004).
460. Home Office, Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, Counter-Terrorism Strategy, security.homeoffice.gov.uk/counter-terrorism-strategy/legislation/pta/.
461. Home Office, Terrorism Act 2006, Counter-Terrorism Strategy, security.homeoffice.gov.uk/counter-terrorism-strategy/legislation/terrorism-act-2006/.
462. Liberty, Government Publishes Terrorism Bill, October 12, 2005, www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk.
463. “ASIO Spying on the Increase,” Sunday Herald Sun (Australia), June 29, 2003.
464. David Kinley and Penny Martin, “International Human Rights Law at Home: Addressing the Politics of Denial,” Melbourne University Law Review 26 (August 2002): 466-77.
465. Michaelsen, “International Human Rights on Trial,” n. 25, 281.
466. Nathan Hancock, Terrorism and the Law in Australia: Legislation, Commentary, and Constraints (Research Paper 12, Parliamentary Library, Parliament of Australia, 2001-2).
467. Michael Head, "‘Counter-Terrorism’ Laws: A Threat to Political Freedom, Civil Liberties, and Constitutional Rights,” Melbourne University Law Review 26 (December 2002): 666-89.
468. Liberty Victoria Submission to the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee, April 12, 2002.
469. Chris Maxwell, “September 11 and Its Aftermath: Challenges for Lawyers and the Rule of Law” (address to Maddock Lonie and Chisholm law firm, April 15, 2002), 11.
470. Kinley and Martin, “International Human Rights Law at Home,” 199.
471. “ASIO Spying on the Increase,” Sunday Herald Sun, June 29, 2003.
472. Michaelsen, “International Human Rights on Trial,” 281.
473. Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIA, ASIS and DSD (May 23, 2002).
474. Michael Head, “Australian Government Forced to Delay ‘Anti-Terrorism’ Laws,” Australian Civil Liberties Union, May 25, 2002.
475. “Labor Drafts Softer Version of ASIO Detention Powers,” Age (Melbourne), November 19, 2002.
476. “Another Face-Down over ASIO Bill,” Sunday Age (Melbourne), February 2, 2003.
477. Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Statement on the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act (June 27, 2003).
478. Justice Derrington, “The Terrorist Threat: Australia’s Response,” Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 13 (2003): 699-704.
479. Justice Derrington, “The Terrorist Threat: Australia’s Response,” Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 13 (2003): 702.
480. Justice Michael Kirby, “Australian Law-after 11 September 2001,” Australian Bar Review 21 (November 5, 2001): 32, 34-35. available at www.hcourt.gov.au/speeches/kirbyj/kirbyj_after11sep01.htm.
481. “The Charges against David Hicks,” Age, June 14, 2004.
482. “Jews in Australia Were Al-Qaeda Targets, Court Told,” Age, May 20, 2004.
483. “Canberra Told of Bombing Plot,” Age, May 18, 2004.
484. “Coalition Reviews Anti-Terror Laws,” Age, March 29, 2004.
485. “Moves to Alter Law after Terror Suspect Wins Bail,” Age, June 4, 2004.
486. “Balance of Justice and National Security, or Blindfold for the Courts?" Age, June 5, 2004.
487. Prime Minister’s Office, Counter-Terrorism Laws Strengthened, September 8, 2005, www.pm.gov.au.
488. Civil Rights Network, The Anti-Terrorism Bill (No2) 2005 (Cth), www.civilrightsnetwork.org.
489. http://www.chiefminister.act.gov.au/docs/B05PG201_v281.pdf.
490. "‘Appalling’ Anti-terrorism Laws Draw Criticism,” ABC News Online, September 27, 2005.
491. South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance 2001: Government Decides to Play Judge and Jury (New Delhi, November 2001).
492. “POTO: Taking the Lawless Road,” Economic and Political Weekly (Mumbai), December 8, 2001.
493. Amnesty International commentary in New Ordinance Raises Concerns, AI Index: ASA 20/047/2001 (October 19, 2001).
494. Human Rights Watch, In the Name of Counter-Terrorism: Human Rights Abuses Worldwide; Country Studies: The Human Rights Impact of Counter-Terrorism Measures in Ten Countries (India) (March 2003).
495. Smita Narula, “Overlooked Danger: The Security and Rights Implications of Hindu Nationalism in India,” Harvard Human Rights Journal 16 (2003): 41-68.
496. POTA Raj in Adivasi Heartland: Misuse of Anti-Terror Law in Jharkhand State of India, Indigenous Issues, Asian Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Network (New Delhi, February 2003), 3.
497. South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance 2001, 2.
498. South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance 2001, 4.
499. South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance 2001, 2, 3.
500. Rajeev Dhavan, “POTO and POTA: A Resolution,” Hindu (New Delhi), December 14, 2001.
501. “From POTO to POTA,” Hindu, March 28, 2002.
502. “POTA Prospects,” Frontline (New Delhi), March 30-April 12, 2002.
503. www.satp.org.
504. “POTA Being Used Selectively in Gujarat,” Hindu, April 27, 2003.
505. Times of India, February 20, 2003.
506. “POTA: Freedom to Terrorise,” Economic and Political Weekly, July 19, 2002.
507. Kuldip Nayar, “Authoritarian Impulses,” Hindu, July 22, 2002.
508. “POTA: Well-Founded Fears,” Economic and Political Weekly, April 5, 2003.
509. Rajeev Dhavan, “Misplaced Jingoism,” Hindu, May 31, 2002.
510. “Justice in a Secular Society,” Hindu, October 3, 2003.
511. India, in Human Rights Watch World Report 2003.
512. “POTA Panel Begins Review,” Hindu, July 9, 2003.
513. “Ordinance to Amend POTA Promulgated,” Hindu, October 28, 2003.
514. “Jharkhand Leading User of POTA,” Hindu, June 12, 2004.
515. “POTA Will Be Scrapped before Expiry,” Hindu, June 12, 2004.
516. “POTA Will Be Repealed: President,” Hindu, June 8, 2004.
517. “Alternative to POTA: Assembly Passes Bill,” Hindu, June 3, 2004.
518. Rajeev Dhavan, “Reconstructing India,” Hindu, May 31, 2004.
519. V. Venkatesan, “Judicial Approval,” Frontline, January 16, 2004.
520. Rajeev Dhavan, “Terrorism by Ordinance,” Hindu, October 1, 2004, http://www.hinduonnet.com/.
521. Asian Centre for Human Rights, preface to India Human Rights Report 2005, www.achrweb.org/reports/india/AR05/preface.htm.
522. Raneta Lawson Mack and Michael J. Kelly, Equal Justice in the Balance: America’s Legal Responses to the Emerging Terrorist Threat (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004).
523. www.aclu.org/SafeandFree.
524. “Libertarians Fight Patriot Act,” Newsday, November 18, 2003.
525. “Odd Bedfellows Fall in Line,” Christian Science Monitor, October 29, 2003.
526. “On Terror, Spying and Guns, Ashcroft Expands Reach,” New York Times, March 15, 2002.
527. “Seven Days,” New York Daily News, December 1, 2002.
528. “By Hiring Barr, ACLU Mixes In a Right With Its Left,” Washington Post, November 26, 2002.
529. “Conservative Favorites to Join ACLU,” USA Today, November 25, 2002.
530. “Six Weeks in Autumn,” Washington Post, October 27, 2002.
531. “ACLU Rises on Conservative Tide,” Baltimore Sun, February 8, 2003.
532. “New Patriot Act Creates Uproar: Uncommon Allies Vowing to Fight Still-Secret Bill,” Seattle Times, April 15, 2003.
533. “Planned Sequel to Patriot Act Losing Audience,” Los Angeles Times, July 29, 2003.
534. Attorney General Ashcroft, “Attorney General Ashcroft Speaks about the Patriot Act” (remarks to the American Enterprise Institute, August 19, 2003).
535. www.lifeandliberty.gov.
536. “Ashcroft’s Agenda,” Baltimore Sun, February 16, 2003.
537. “The Patriot Act Has Led Online Buyers and Sellers to Watch What They Do: Could It Threaten Internet Business?" New York Times, October 13, 2003.