Supplementation of micronutrients in children and food fortification initiatives in Sri Lanka: benefits versus risks

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1446, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 139-152

  Jayatissa, Renuka ^a   Fernando, Dulitha N ^b  

^a MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Sri Lanka)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO   (Sri Lanka)

Author keywords

benefit; iodine; iron; risk; vitamin A

Indexed keywords

IODINE; IRON; MULTIVITAMIN; RETINOL; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TRACE ELEMENT;

ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BIOFORTIFICATION; CHILD; DISEASE SEVERITY; FORTIFIED FOOD; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; IODINATION; IODINE DEFICIENCY; NUTRIENT CONTENT; SECONDARY ANALYSIS; SRI LANKA; SUPPLEMENTATION; INFANT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR;

CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FOOD, FORTIFIED; HUMANS; INFANT; MICRONUTRIENTS; RISK FACTORS; SRI LANKA;

EID: 85057895955     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13987     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. UNICEF. 2017. Nutrition fact sheet. Accessed July 20, 2018. http://www.unicef.org/srilanka/nutrition.pdf.
2. Jayatissa, R. & D.N. Fernando. 2011. Landscape analysis. Ministry of Health and World Health Organization, Colombo.
3. Family Health Bureau. 2014. Annual report on Family Health Sri Lanka: 2013. Colombo: Ministry of Health.
4. Wickramasingha, R., R. Jayatissa & S. Gunawaradana. 2015. Combating malnutrition through mutisectoral nutrition programming: a case study from Sri Lanka. Ministry of Health and UNICEF. Accessed July 20, 2018. http://www.unicef.org/srilanka/mutisectoral_study.pdf.
5. Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition. 2010. National Nutrition Policy of Sri Lanka. Accessed July 20, 2018. https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/en/node/7974.
6. Ministry of Health. 2012. Annual health bulletin. Colombo: Ministry of Health.
7. Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine. 2017. National strategy for prevention and control of micronutrient deficiencies in Sri Lanka: 2016–2020. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine.
8. Rajapaksa, L.C., C. Arambepola & N. Gunawardena. 2011. Nutritional status in Sri Lanka, determinants and interventions: a desk review 2006–2011. Ministry of Health and UNICEF, Colombo.
9. Bruins, M.J., R. Kupka, M.B. Zimmermann, et al. 2016. Maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of intervention programs to address micronutrient malnutrition: symposium report. Matern. Child Nutr. 12: 940–948.
10. Hotz, C. 2014. Evaluation of a decision-making framework to scale-back vitamin A supplementation programs: a situation analysis in Sri Lanka. Ministry of Health and UNICEF, Colombo.
11. Jayatissa, R., M.M. Gunathilaka & D.N. Fernando. 2013. National nutrition and micronutrient survey 2012. Part I: anaemia among children aged 6–59 months and nutritional status of children and adults. Medical Research Institute and UNICEF, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.
12. Jayatissa, R., M.M. Gunathilaka & D.N. Fernando. 2015. National nutrition and micronutrient survey 2012. Part II: iron, zinc and calcium deficiency among children aged 6–59 months. Medical Research Institute and UNICEF, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.
13. Jayatissa, R., D.N. Fernando & H. Herath. 2017. Fourth national survey on iodine deficiency status in Sri Lanka 2016. Medical Research Institute and UNICEF, Sri Lanka.
14. Jayatissa, R. & S. Mahamithawa. 2004. Rapid assessment of coverage of micronutrient supplementation in Sri Lanka. Medical Research Institute and UNICEF, Ministry of Health Care, Nutrition and Uva-wellassa Development, Colombo.
15. Hettiarachchi, M. & C. Liyanage. 2012. Co-existent micronutrient deficiencies among Sri Lankan preschool children. Matern. Child Nutr. 8: 259–266.
16. Wickramasinghe, P. 2013. Micronutrients in childhood nutrition. Sri Lanka J. Child Health 42: 157–165.
17. Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition. 2007. Provision of multiple micronutrients to infants and young children. General circular 1-34-2007. Colombo: Ministry of Health.
18. Family Health Bureau. 2012. New schedule for multiple micro nutrient (MMN) supplementation for 6, 12 and 18 month age groups. Colombo: Ministry of Health.
19. Senarath, U., R. Jayatissa & I. Siriwardena. 2015. Evaluation of multiple micronutrient supplementation programme in Sri Lanka 2009–2012. Nutrition Coordination Unit, Ministry of Health and UNICEF, Colombo.
20. Dhanapala, S. & H.S. Jayawickrama. 2015. Compliance and practices of multiple micronutrient supplementation among mothers of 6–24 months old children in 13 districts of Sri Lanka [abstract]. J. Coll. Commun. Phys. Sri Lanka 21: 25.
21. Silva, K.D.R.R. 2008. Report on evaluation of Thriposha food supplementation programme. Wayamba University of Sri Lanka.
22. Jayatissa, R. & M.M. Gunathilaka. 2001. Iodine nutrition status in Sri Lanka 2000–2001. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.
23. Jayatissa, R. & M.M. Gunathilaka. 2006. Iodine nutrition status in Sri Lanka—2005. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition, Colombo.
24. Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition. 2008. Policy guidelines for fortification of food in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition.
25. Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc: a report of the panel on micronutrients. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press.
26. Jayatissa, R., Y. Yamori, A.H. De Silva, et al. 2014. Dietary salt consumption pattern in urban and rural sector—2012. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Colombo.
27. Ministry of Health. 2016. Food based dietary guidelines for Sri Lankans. 2nd ed. Colombo: Nutrition Division-Ministry of Health.
28. Institute of Medicine (IOM). 2014. Dietary reference intakes (DRIs): tolerable upper intake levels, elements. Food and Nutrition Board, National Academies.
29. Food and Agriculture and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). 2001. Human vitamin and mineral requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. Rome: FAO.
30. EFSA Scientific Committee. 2010. Guidance on human health risk-benefit assessment of food. EFSA J. 8: 1673.
31. Brink, E.W., W. Davey, A. Perera, et al. 1979. Vitamin A status of children in Sri Lanka. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32: 84–91.
32. Medical Research Institute. 1998. Vitamin A deficiency status of children in Sri Lanka—1995/1996. Colombo: Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine.
33. Jayatissa, R. & M.M. Gunathilaka. 2006. Vitamin A nutrition status in Sri Lanka 2006. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition, UNICEF, Colombo.
34. Mudalige, R. & P. Nestel. 1996. Prevalence of anaemia in Sri Lanka. Ceylon J. Med. Sci. 39: 9–16.
35. Piyasena, C. & S. Mahamithawa. 2003. Assessment of anaemia status in Sri Lanka—2001. A survey report. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Welfare, Colombo.
36. Department of Census and Statistics (DCS). 2009. Sri Lanka demographic and health survey 2006–07. Colombo: Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition.
37. Jayatissa, R. & S.M.M. Hossaine. 2010. Nutrition and food security assessment in Sri Lanka 2009. Nutrition and food security survey report. Medical Research Institute, UNICEF, World Food Programme, Colombo.
38. Fernando, M.A., S. Balasuriya, K.B. Herath & S. Katugampola. 1989. Endemic goiter in Sri Lanka. Asia Pac. J. Public Health 3: 11–18.
39. Jayatissa, R. & M.M. Gunathilaka. 2012. Third national survey on iodine deficiency status iodine nutrition status in Sri Lanka—2010. Medical Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Colombo.
40. Department of Census and Statistics. 1987. Sri Lanka demographic and health survey 1987. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Department of Census and Statistics.
41. Department of Census and Statistics. 1993. Demographic and health survey 1993. Colombo: Ministry of Finance, Planning and Ethnic Affairs and National Integration.
42. Department of Census and Statistics (DCS). 2002. Sri Lanka demographic and health survey 2000. Colombo: Department of Census and Statistics in collaboration with Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Welfare.
43. International Food Policy Research Institute. 2016. Global nutrition report 2016: from promise to impact: ending malnutrition by 2030. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
44. World Health Organization. 1996. Indicators for assessing vitamin A deficiency and their application in monitoring and evaluating intervention programs. WHO/NUT/96.10. Geneva: WHO.
45. Wirth, J.P., N. Petry, S.A. Tanumihardjo, et al. 2017. Vitamin supplementation programs and country-level evidence of vitamin A deficiency. Nutrients 9: 190.
46. Bruins, M.J., G. Mugambi, J. Verkaik-Kloosterman, et al. 2015. Addressing the risk of inadequate and excessive micronutrient intakes: traditional versus new approaches to setting adequate and safe micronutrient levels in foods. Food Nutr. Res. 59. http://doi.org/10.3402/fnrv59.26020.
47. Lisette, K.B., H.A. Kremer, B. Niels, et al. 2016. Quantifiable risk-benefit assessment of micronutrients: from theory to practice. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 57: 3729–3746.
48. Greig, A. & L.M. Neufeld. 2013. A framework for shifting from universal vitamin A supplementation. Technical consultation on guidance for VAS programs for children 6–59 months of age. Sight Life 27: 76–7.
49. Katagiri, R., X. Yuan, S. Kobayashi & S. Sasaki. 2017. Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases in different populations: a systematic review and meta-analyses including observational studies. PLoS One 12: e0173722.