Standardization of measurements and guidelines

Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Corneum, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 83-95

  Primavera, Grazia ^a   Fluhr, Joachim W ^b   Berardesca, Enzo ^a  

^a SAN GALLICANO DERMATOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85057272042     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (69)

1. Wilson, D.R. and Maibach, H., Transepidermal water loss: a review, in Cutaneous Investigation in Health and Disease. Noninvasive Methods and Instrumentation, Lévêque, J.L., Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, pp. 113-133.
2. Lévêque, J.L., Measurement of transepidermal water loss, in Cutaneous Investigation in Health and Disease. Noninvasive Methods and Instrumentation, Lévêque, J.L., Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, pp. 135-153
3. Nilsson, G.E., Measurement of water exchange through skin, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 15, 209, 1977.
4. Wheldon, A.E. and Monteith, J.L., Performance of a skin Evaporimeter, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 18, 201, 1980.
5. A Guide to Water Evaporation Rate Measurement, ServoMed, Vallingby, Stockholm, Sweden,1981.
6. Schultz, A., Elsner, P., and Burg, G., Quantification of irritant contact dermatitis in vivo: comparison of the Dermatest system with the Evaporimeter, Contact Dermatitis, 24, 235, 1991.
7. Grove, G. et al., Comparative metrology of the Evaporimeter and the DermaLab TEWL Probe, Skin Res. Technol., 5, 1, 1999.
8. Grove, G. et al., Computerised evaporimetry using the DermaLab TEWL Probe, Skin Res. Technol., 5, 9, 1999.
9. Pinnagoda, J. et al., Comparability and reproducibility of results of water loss measurements: a study of four evaporimeters, Contact Dermatitis, 20, 241, 1989.
10. Holbrook, K.A. and Odland, G.F., Regional differences in the thickness (cell layers) of the human stratum corneum: an ultrastructural analysis, J. Invest. Dermatol., 62, 415, 1974.
11. ServoMed Evaporimeters, Operation Handbook, ServoMed, Vallingby, Stockholm, Sweden, 1981.
12. Pinnagoda, J. et al., Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement, Contact Dermatitis, 22, 164, 1990.
13. Rogiers, V., EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences, Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol., 14(2), 117, 2001.
14. Rogiers, V., Transepidermal water loss measurements in patch test assessment: the need for standardisation, in Irritant Dermatitis. New Clinical and Experimental Aspects, Elsner, P. and Maibach, H.I., Eds., Karger, Basel, 1995, Vol. 23, pp. 152.
15. Potts, R.O., Stratum corneum hydration: experimental techniques and interpretations of results, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 37, 9, 1986.
16. Batt, M.D. and Fairhurst, E., Hydration of the stratum corneum, Int. J. Cosmetic Sci., 8, 253, 1986.
17. Blichmann, C.W. and Serup, J., Reproducibility and variability of transepidermal water loss measurements, Acta Derm. Venereol., 67, 206, 1987.
18. Pinnagoda, J. et al., Comparability and reproducibility of the results of water loss measurements: a study of 4 evaporimeters, Contact Dermatitis, 20, 241, 1989.
19. Nilsson, G.E., personal communication, 1987.
20. Agner, T. and Serup, J., Transepidermal water loss and air convection, Contact Dermatitis, 22, 120, 1990.
21. Barel, A.O. and Clarys, P., Study of the stratum corneum barrier function by transepidermal water loss measurements: comprehension between two commercial instruments: Evaporimeter and TEWAmeter, Skin Pharmacol., 8, 186, 1995.
22. Schott, R.C. et al., A comparison of techniques for the measurement of transepidermal water loss, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 274, 57, 1982.
23. Schulz, A., Elsner, P., and Burg, G., Quantification of irritant contact dermatitis in vivo: comparison of the Dermatest® system with the Evaporimeter, Contact Dermatitis, 24, 235, 1991.
24. Petro, A.J. and Komor, J.A., Correction to absolute values of evaporation rates measured by the Servo-med® Evaporimeter, Bioeng. Skin, 3, 271, 1987.
25. Scott, R.C. et al., A comparison of techniques for the measurement of transepidermal water loss, Arch Dermatol. Res., 274, 57, 1982.
26. Grice, K.A., Transepidermal water loss, in The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin, Jarret, A., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1980, Vol. 6, p. 2121.
27. Rothman, S., The role of the skin in thermoregulation: factors influencing skin surface temperature, in Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1954, p. 258.
28. Agner, T. and Serup, J., Seasonal variation in skin resistance to irritants, Br. J. Dermatol., 121, 323, 1989.
29. Rogers, J. et al., Stratum corneum lipids: the effect of ageing and the seasons, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 288, 765, 1996.
30. Rodrigues, L. et al., About claims substantiation for topical formulations: an objective approach to skin care products biological efficacy, J. Appl. Cosmetol., 14, 93, 1996.
31. Fartasch, M., Human barrier formation and reaction to irritation., Curr. Probl. Dermatol., 23, 95, 1995.
32. Loden, M., The increase in skin hydration after application of emollients with different amounts of lipids, Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.), 72, 327, 1992.
33. Giusti, F. et al., Skin barrier, hydration, and pH of the skin of infants under 2 years of age, Pediatr. Dermatol., 18(2), 93, 2001.
34. Okah, F.A. et al., Surface electrical capacitance as a non-invasive bedside measure of epidermal barrier maturation in the newborn infant, Pediatrics, 96, 688, 1995.
35. Fluhr, J.W., Pfisterer, S., and Gloor, M., Direct comparison of skin physiology in children and adults with bioengineering methods, Pediatr. Dermatol., 17(6), 436, 2000.
36. Wilhelm, K.P. and Maibach, H.I., Transepidermal water loss and barrier function of aging human skin, in Bioengineering of the Skin, Water and the Stratum Corneum, Elsner, P., Berardesca, E., and Maibach, H.I., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, pp. 133-145.
37. De Paepe, K. et al., Ceramide/cholesterol//FFA-containing body lotions: effects on the TEWL of aged and SDS-damaged skin, in Conference Proceedings, Active Ingredients Conference, Verlag für chemische Industrie, H. Ziolkowsky GmbH, Paris, 1996, pp. 97-111.
38. De Paepe, K. et al., Ceramides/cholesterol/FFA-containing cosmetics: the effect on barrier function, SOFW J., 122, 199, 1996.
39. Wilson, D., Berardesca, E., and Maibach, H.I., In vivo transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in assessment of moisturization and soap effects, Int. J. Cosmetic Sci., 10, 201, 1988.
40. Berardesca, E. and Maibach, H.I., Racial differences in sodium-lauryl induced cutaneous irritation. Comparison of black and white subjects, Contact Dermatitis, 18, 65, 1988.
41. Berardesca, E. et al., Differences in stratum corneum pH gradient when comparing white Caucasian and black African-American skin, Br. J. Dermatol., 139(5), 855, 1998.
42. Berardesca, E. and Maibach, H.I., Sodium-lauryl-sulphate-induced cutaneous irritation. Comparison of black and white subjects, Contact Dermatitis, 19, 136, 1988.
43. Yoshikawa, N. et al., Regional analysis of ceramides within the stratum corneum in relation to seasonal required for normal barrier homeostasis, J. Invest. Dermatol., 115, 459, 2000.
44. Plewig, G. and Marples, R.R., Regional differences of cell sizes in the human stratum corneum, J. Invest. Dermatol. 54, 13, 1970.
45. Fluhr, J.W. et al., Impact of anatomical location on barrier recovery, surface pH and stratum corneum hydration after acute barrier disruption, Br. J. Dermatol., 146(5), 770, 2002.
46. Treffel, P. et al., Hydration, transepidermal water loss, pH and skin surface parameters:correlations and variations between dominant and non-dominant forearms, Br. J. Dermatol., 130, 325, 1994.
47. Rodrigues, L. and Pereira, L.M., Basal transepidermal water loss: right/left forearm difference and motoric dominance, Skin Res. Technol., 4, 135, 1998.
48. Oestmann, E. et al., Skin barrier function in healthy volunteers as assessed by transepidermal water loss and vascular response to hexyl nicotinate: intra- and interindividual variability, Br. J. Dermatol., 128, 130, 1993.
49. Schnetz, E. et al., Intra- and inter-individual variations in transepidermal water loss on the face; facial locations for bioengineering studies, Contact Dermatitis, 40, 243, 1999.
50. Pinnagoda, J. et al., Transepidermal water loss with and without sweat gland inactivation. Contact Dermatitis, 21(1), 16, 1989.
51. Shahidullah, M. et al., Transepidermal water loss in patients with dermatitis, Br. J. Dermatol, 81, 722, 1969.
52. Baker, H. and Kligman, A.M., Measurement of transepidermal water loss by electrical hygrometry. Instrumentation and responses of physical and chemical insults, Arch. Dermatol., 96, 441, 1967
53. Pinnagoda, J. et al., Transepidermal water loss: with and without sweat gland inactivation, Contact Dermatitis, 21, 16, 1989.
54. Piérard, G.E. et al., Surfactant induced dermatitis. A comparison of corneosurfametry with predictive testing on human and reconstructed skin, J. Acad. Dermatol., 33, 462, 1995.
55. Mathias, C.G.T., Wilson, D., and Maibach, H.I., Transepidermal water loss as a function of skin temperature, J. Invest. Dermatol., 77, 219, 1981.
56. Di Nardo, A. et al., Ceramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, Acta Derm. Venereol., 78, 27, 1998.
57. Chao, K.N., Eisley, J.G., and Yang, W.J., Heat and water losses from burnt skin, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 15, 598, 1977.
58. Proksch, E., Brasch, J., and Sterry, W., Integrity of the permeability barrier regulates epidermal Langerhans cell density, Br. J. Dermatol., 134, 630, 1996.
59. Tagami, H. et al., Environmental effects on the functions of the stratum corneum, J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc., 6(1), 87, 2001.
60. Chilcott, R.P., Brown, R.F., and Rice, P., Non-invasive quantification of skin injury resulting from exposure to sulfur mustard and Lewisite vapours, Burns, 26(3), 245, 2000.
61. Tupker, R.A. et al., The influence of repeated exposure to surfactants on the human skin as determined by transepidermal water loss and visual scoring, Contact Dermatitis, 20, 108, 1989.
62. Fartasch, M., Ultrastructure of the epidermal barrier after irritation, Microsc. Res. Tech., 1, 37(3), 193, 1997.
63. Grice, K.A., Transepidermal water loss in pathologic skin, in The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin, Jarret, A., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1980, p. 2147.
64. Chilcott, R.P. and Farrar, R., Biophysical measurements of human forearm skin in vivo: effects of site, gender, chirality and time, Skin Res. Technol., 6(2), 64, 2000.
65. Yosipovitch, G. et al., Time-dependent variations of the skin barrier function in humans: transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, and skin temperature, J. Invest. Dermatol., 110, 20, 1988.
66. Reinberg, A., Le Fur, I., and Tschochler, E., Problem related to circadian rhythms in human skin and their validation, J. Invest. Dermatol., 111, 708, 1998.
67. Le Fur, I. et al., Analysis of circadian and ultradian rhythms of skin surface properties of face and forearm of healthy women, J. Invest. Dermatol., 117(3), 718, 2001.
68. Pinnagoda, J. et al., The intra- and inter-individual variability and reliability of transepidermal water loss measurements, Contact Dermatitis, 21(4), 255, 1989.
69. Goffin, V., Piérard-Franchimont, C., and Piérard, G.E., Passive sustainable hydration of the stratum corneum following surfactant challenge, Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 24, 308, 1999.