Modeling of steelmaking processes

Modeling of Steelmaking Processes

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-465

  Mazumdar, Dipak ^a   Evans, James W ^b  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR   (India)

^b Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85056953374     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (214)

1. Szekeley, J., Metallurgical Transaction, 19B, 525, 1988.
2. MacLean, A., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 37B, 319, 2006.
3. Online materials information resources: MatWeb, http://www.matweb.com.
4. Worldsteel Association: http://www.worldsteel.org.
5. Deo, B. and Boom, R., Steelmaking Metallurgy, Prentice-Hall International, New York, 1995.
6. Turkdogan, E.T., A Text Book of Steelmaking, Academic Press, London, 1997.
7. Ghosh, A. and Chatterjee, A., Principles and Practices in Iron and Steelmaking, Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, India, 2008.
8. Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (Steelmaking and Refining), Fruehan, R.J., Ed., 10th ed., AISE, Pittsburgh, PA, 1985.
9. Guthrie, R.I.L., Engineering in Process Metallurgy, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989.
10. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie R.I.L., ISIJ International, 1, 1, 1995.
11. Ghosh, A., Secondary Steelmaking, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
12. Brimacombe, J.K. and Sorimachi, K., Metallurgical Transactions, 8B, 489, 1977.
13. Patankar, S.V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 1980.
14. Illegbussi, O.J., Iguchi, M., and Wahnseidler, W., Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Materials Processing Operations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002.
15. Walner, F. and Fritz, E., Metallurgical Plant and Technology International, 6, 38, 2002.
16. Darken, L.S. and Gury, W.R., Physical Chemistry of Metals, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1953.
17. Gaskell, D.R., Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1973.
18. Turkdogan, E.T., Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
19. Richardson, F.D. and Jeffes, J.H.E., Journal of Iron and Steel Institute, 160, 261, 1948.
20. White, F.M., Fluid Mechanics, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1986.
21. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., and Lightfoot, E.N., Transport Phenomena, John Willey & Sons, New York, 1960.
22. Szekely, J., Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, Academic Press, New York, 1979.
23. Hinze, J.O., Turbulence, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1975.
24. Rodi, W., Turbulence Models and Their Application in Hydraulics, International Association for Hydraulic Research, Delft, the Netherlands, 1980.
25. Markatos, N.C.G., Applied Mathematical Modeling, 10, 190, 1986.
26. Wilcox, D.C., Turbulence Modeling for CFD, DCW Industries, La Cañada, CA, 2002.
27. Boussinesq, J., Mem. Presentes par Diverse Savants Acad. Sci. Inst. Fr., 23, 46, 1877.
28. Prandtl, L., Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 5, 136, 1925.
29. Sahai, Y. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 13B, 125, 1982.
30. Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B., Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3, 269, 1974.
31. Nikarudse, J., Frosch Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, B, 356, 1932.
32. Pope, S.B., Turbulent Flow, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000.
33. Ozisik, M.N., Heat Conduction, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
34. Holman, J.P., Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1963.
35. Ghoshdastidar, P.S., Heat Transfer, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2004.
36. Wilkinson, D.S., Mass Transport in Solids and Fluids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2000.
37. Szekely, J. and Themelis, N.J., Rate Phenomena in Process Metallurgy, Willey Inter Science, New York, 1971.
38. Deo, B. and Boom, R., Fundamentals of Steelmaking Metallurgy, Prentice-Hall International, New York, 1993.
39. Szekely, J., Evans, J.W., and Sohn, H.Y., Gas Solid Reactions, Academic Press, New York, 1976.
40. Irons, G.A. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 9B, 721, 1979.
41. Ilegbusi, O.J., Iguchi, M., and Wahnseidler, W., Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Materials Processing Operations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
42. Sharma, S.K., Hlinka, J.W., and Kern, D.W., Iron and Steelmaker, 4, 7, 1977.
43. Luomala, M.J., Fabritius, T.M.J., Virtanen, E.O., Siivola, T.P., and Harkki, J.J., ISIJ International, 42, 944, 2002.
44. Guthrie, R., Engineering in Process Metallurgy, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
45. Szekeley, J. and Evans, J.W., The Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Primary Metals Processing Operations, John Willey, New York, 1988.
46. Mazumdar, D., Metallurgical Transactions, 21B, 925, 1990.
47. Pan, Y. and Bjorkman, B., ISIJ International, 42, 53, 2002.
48. Johnstone, R.E. and Thring, M.L.Y., Pilot Plants, Models, and. Scale-Up Methods in Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1957.
49. Mazumdar, D., Nakajima, H., and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 19B, 705, 1988.
50. Kim, S.H., Fruehan, R.J. and Guthrie, R.I.L., in Proceedings of the Steelmaking Conference, Iron and Steel Society, Warrendale, PA, 107, 1986.
51. Hirasawa, M., Mori, K., Sano, M., Shimatani, Y., and Okazaki, Y., Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 27, 283, 1987.
52. Ilegbusi, O.J., Iguchi, M., and Wahnseidler, W., Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Materials Processing Operations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
53. Szekely, J., Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, Academic Press, New York, 1979.
54. Shekhar, R. and Evans, J.W., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 20B, 781, 1989.
55. Sahai, Y. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 13B, 211, 1982.
56. Dantec Dynamics A/S, PIV measurement principles, http://www.Dantecdynamics.com, Dantec Dynamics A/S, Skovlunde.
57. Westerwell, J., Materials Science and Technology, 8, 1379, 1997.
58. Prasad, A.K., Current Science, 79, 51, 2000.
59. Hsiao, T.C., Lehner, T., and Kjellberg, B., Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 9, 105, 1980.
60. Mikrovas, A.C. and Argyropoulos, S.A., Metallurgical Transactions, 24B, 1009, 1993.
61. Szekely, J., Grevet, J.H., and El-Kaddah, N., International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 27, 1116, 1984.
62. Sismanis, P.G. and Argyropoulos, S.A., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 22B, 417, 1991.
63. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 17B, 725, 1986.
64. Oymo, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., in Proceedings of the Steelmaking Conference, Iron and Steel Society, Warrendale, PA, 45, 1984.
65. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 12, 256, 1985.
66. Ramani, R. and Guthrie, R.I.L., in Proceedings of the Process Technology Division, Iron and Steel Society, Warrendale, PA, 14, 91, 1995.
67. Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., and Lightfoot, E.N., Transport Phenomena, John Willey & Sons, New York, 1960.
68. Szekely, J. and Themelis, N.J., Rate Phenomena in Process Metallurgy, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1971.
69. Geiger, G.M. and Poirier, D.R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994.
70. Guthrie, R., Engineering in Process Metallurgy, Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1989.
71. Hildebrandt, F., Introduction to Numerical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1956.
72. Carnahan, B., Luther, H.A., and Wilkes, J.O., Applied Numerical Methods, John Willey, New York, 1969.
73. Patankar, S.V., Numerical Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing Co., New York, 1980.
74. Hsiao, T.C., Lehner, T., and Kjellburgh, B., Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 9, 105, 1980.
75. Nakaoka, T., Taniguchi, S., Matsumoto, K., and Johansen, S.T., ISIJ International, 41, 1108, 2001.
76. Szekeley, J., Metallurgical Transactions, 19B, 525, 1988.
77. National Coordination Office for Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NCO/NITRD), www.nitdr.gov, NCO/NITRD, Arlington, VA.
78. Stone, H.L. and Siam, J., Numerical Analysis, 5, 530, 1968.
79. Szekeley, J., Wang, H.J., and Keiser, K.M., Metallurgical Transactions, 7B, 287, 1976.
80. Sahai, Y. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 13B, 203, 1982.
81. Lai, K.Y.M. and Salcudean, M., Computers and Fluids, 15, 281, 1987.
82. Turkoglu, H. and Farouk, B., Numerical Heat Transfer, 21A, 377, 1992.
83. Han, J.W., Heo, S.H., Kam, D.H., You, B.D., Pak, J.J., and Song, H.S., ISIJ International, 41, 1165, 2001.
84. Odenthal, H.J., Lopes, S.C., Schluter, J., and Emling, W.H., Iron and Steel Technology, 4, 71, 2007.
85. Fluent 6.3: www.fluent.com
86. COMSOL Product Booklet 2009: www.comsol.com
87. Kowalczyk, J., Mroz, W., Warczok, A., and Utigard, T.A., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 26B, 1217, 1995.
88. Madan, M. and Mazumdar, D., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 35B, 804, 2004.
89. Patankar, S.V., Numerical Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing Co. Inc, New York, 1980.
90. Grip, C.E., Jonsson, L., Jonsson, P., and Jonsson, K.O., ISIJ International, 39, 715, 1999.
91. Gaskel, D.R., An Introduction to Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, McMillan Publishing Co., New York, 1992.
92. Ishi, T., Kubo, N., Bose, T.K., and Iguchi, M., ISIJ International, 41, 1174, 2001.
93. Chakraborty, S. and Sahai, Y., Metallurgical Transactions, 23B, 135, 1992.
94. Bai, H. and Thomas, B.G., Metallurgical and Material Transactions, 32B, 253, 2001.
95. Thomas, B.G., Yuan, Q., Sivaramkrishnan, S., Shi, T., Vanka, S.P., and Assar, M.B., ISIJ International, 41, 1262, 2001.
96. Kumar, A., Koria, S.C., and Mazumdar, D., ISIJ International, 44, 1234, 2004.
97. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 25B, 83, 1985.
98. Wallis, G.B., One Dimensional Two Phase Flows, McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1969.
99. Sheng, Y. and Irons, G.A., Metallurgical Transaction, 23B, 779, 1992.
100. Davidson, J.F. and Schuler, B.O.J., Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineering, 38, 385, 1960.
101. Sheng, Y. and Irons, G.A., Metallurgical Transaction, 24B, 695, 1993.
102. Hinze, J.O., Turbulence, McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1975.
103. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., ISIJ International, 34, 384, 1994.
104. Turkoglu, H. and Farouk, B., Metallurgical Transactions, 21B, 771, 1990.
105. Rudman, M., International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 24, 671, 1997.
106. Hirt, C.W. and Nicholas, B.D., Journal of Computational Physics, 39, 201, 1981.
107. Youngs, D.S., in Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics, Morton, K.W. and Baines, M.J. (Eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1982, 273.
108. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 25B, 308, 1994.
109. Han, J.W., Heo, S.H., Kam, D.H., You, B.D., Pak, J.L., and Song, H.S., ISIJ International, 41, 1165, 2001.
110. Davidson, P.A., An Introduction to Magneto Hydrodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
111. Fujisaki, K., IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 37, 1098, 2001.
112. Harda, H., Toh, T., Ishi, T., Kaneko, K., and Takeuchi, E., ISIJ International, 41, 1236, 2001.
113. Clement, K., Two Phase Flow: Theory and Applications, Taylor & Francis, New York, 2003.
114. Guthrie, R., Clift, R., and Henein, H., Metallurgical Transactions, 6B, 321, 1975.
115. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 24B, 649, 1993.
116. Argyropoulos, S.A. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Proceedings of the Steelmaking Conference, AIME, Pittsburgh, PA, 156, 1982.
117. Argyropoulos, S.A., Mikrovas, A.C., and Mazumdar, D., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 32B, 247, 2001.
118. Whitaker, S., Journal of AIChE, 18, 361, 1972.
119. Taniguchi, S., Ohmi, M., Ishiura, S., and Yamagauchi, S., Transactions of ISIJ, 23, 565, 1983.
120. Guthrie, R.I.L., Proceedings of the Electric Arc Furnace Conference, AIME, Chicago, IL, 30, 1977.
121. Sanyal, S., Chandra, S., Kumar, S., and Roy, G.G., ISIJ International, 44, 1157, 2004.
122. Ranz, W.E. and Marshal, W.R., Progress in Chemical Engineering, 48, 141, 1952.
123. Bhattacharya, A. and Mazumdar, D., Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 45(3), 153, 1992.
124. Morales, R.D., Lopez-Ramirez, S., Palafox-Ramos, J., and Zacharias, D., Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 28, 33, 2001.
125. Chakrborty, S. and Sahai, Y., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 23B, 153, 1992.
126. Joo, S., Han, J.W., and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 24B, 767, 1993.
127. Patil, S. and Mazumdar, D., Unpublished Research, Department of MME, IIT, Kanpur, India, 2006.
128. Ishi, T., Kubo, N., Bose, T.K., and Iguchi, M., ISIJ International, 41, 174, 2001.
129. Chakrborty, S. and Sahai, Y., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 23B, 135, 1992.
130. Grip, C.E., Jonsson, L., Jonsson, P., and Jonsson, K.O., ISIJ International, 715, 39, 1999.
131. Oeters, F., Metallurgy of Steelmaking, Verlag Stahleisen MBH, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1994, 323.
132. Sinha, A. and Sahai, Y., ISIJ International, 33, 556, 1993.
133. Zhang, L., Taniguchi, S., and Cai, K., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 31B, 253, 2000.
134. Michaelides, E.E., Particles, Bubbles and Drops; Their Motion, Heat and Mass Transfer, World Scientific, Hackensack, NJ, 2006.
135. Wang, T., Wang, J., and Jin, Y., Industrial Engineering, Chemistry and Research, 44, 7540, 2005.
136. Madan, M., Satish, D., and Mazumdar, D., ISIJ International, 45, 677, 2005.
137. Levenspiel, O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley, New York, 1962.
138. Damle, C. and Sahai, Y., ISIJ International, 36, 681, 1996.
139. Sahai, Y. and Emi, T., ISIJ International, 36, 667, 1996.
140. Chen, H. and Pehlke, R.D., Proceedings of the Steelmaking Conference, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 695, 1994.
141. Odenthal, H.J., Kempken, J., Schluter, J., and Emling, W.H., Iron and Steel Technology, 4, 71, 2007.
142. Li, Y. and Fruehan, R.J., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 34B, 333, 2003.
143. Brimacombe, J.K., Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 15, 163, 1976.
144. Hardin, R.A., Liu, K., Kapoor, A., and Beckerman, C., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 34B, 297, 2003.
145. Kurz, W. and Fisher, D.J., Fundamentals of Solidification, Transactions of Technical Publications, Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland (www.scientific.net), 2005.
146. Aboutalebi, M.R., Hasan, M., and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 26B, 731, 1995.
147. Thomas, B.G., Yuan, Q., Sivaramkrishnan, S., Shi, T., Vanka, S.P., and Assar, M.B., ISIJ International, 41, 1262, 2001.
148. Fujisaki, K., IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 37, 1098, 2001.
149. Tanaka, M., Mazumdar, D., and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 24B, 640, 1993.
150. Yu, K.O., Modeling for Casting & Solidification Processing, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002.
151. Nastac, L., Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution in Solidifying Alloys, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2004.
152. Kobayashi, S., Oh, S., and Altan, T., Metal Forming and Finite Element Method, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
153. Halder, S. and Mazumdar, D., Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 58, 873, 2005.
154. Kanayama, N., Horie, Y., and Nakayama, Y., ISIJ International, 33, 615, 1993.
155. Turpion, T., Dulcy, J., and Gantois, M., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 36A, 2751, 2005.
156. Shames, I.H. and Pitarresi, J.M., Introduction to Solid Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Englewood, NJ, 2000.
157. Dieter, G.E., Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1986.
158. Chandrupatla, T.R. and Belegundu, A.D., Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India, 2001.
159. Militzer, M., ISIJ International, 47, 1, 2007.
160. Langer, J.S., Directions in Condensed Matter Physics, Grinstein, G. and Mazenko, G., (Eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1986, 165.
161. Ode, M., Kim, S.G., and Suzuki, T., ISIJ International, 41, 1076, 2001.
162. Kim, S.G., Kim, W.T., and Suzuki, T., Physical Review E, 53, R3017, 1996.
163. Kobayashi, R., Physica D, 63, 410, 1993.
164. Mazumdar, D. and Evans, J.W., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 38B, 497, 2007.
165. Sano, M. and Mori, K., Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 21, 169, 1983.
166. Mazumdar, D., Guthrie, R.I.L., and Sahai, Y., Applied Mathematical Modeling, 17, 255, 1993.
167. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 15B, 83, 1985.
168. Sahai, Y. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 13B, 193, 1982.
169. Mazumdar, D., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 33B, 937, 2002.
170. Sahai, Y. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 13B, 125, 1982.
171. Tacke, K.H., Schubert, H.G., Weber, D.J., and Schwerdfeger, K., Metallurgical Transactions, 16B, 263, 1985.
172. Iguchi, M., Demoto, Y., Sugawara, N., and Morita, Z., ISIJ International, 32, 998, 1992.
173. Sudhakar, V. and Mazumdar, D., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 27B, 704, 1996.
174. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., ISS Transactions, 9, 89, 1999.
175. Asai, S., Okamoto, T., He, J.C., and Muchi, I., Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 23, 43, 1983.
176. Neifer, M., Rodi, S., and Sucker, D., Steel Research, 64, 54, 1993.
177. Iguchi, M., Nakamura, K., and Tsujino, T., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 29B, 569, 1998.
178. Han, J.W., Heo, S.H., Kam, D.H., You, B.D., Pak, J.J., and Song, H.S., ISIJ International, 41, 1165, 2001.
179. Krishnapishadory, K. and Irons, G.A., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 37B, 763, 2006.
180. Konezawa, Y. and Schwerdfeger, K., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 30B, 411, 1999.
181. Ilegbusi, O.J., Iguchi, M., and Wahnseidler, W., Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Materials Processing Operations, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
182. Kim, S.H., Fruehan, R.J., and Guthrie, R.I.L., in Proc. Steelmaking Conference, Iron and Steel Society, Washington DC, 107, 1986.
183. Iguchi, M., Takahashi, K., Ilegbusi, O.J., Ano, M., and Kiuchi, H., ISIJ International, 38, 1032, 1998.
184. Argyropoulos, S.A., Mazumdar, D., Microvas, A., and Doutre, D., Materials and Metallurgical Transactions, 32B, 240, 2001.
185. Taniguchi, S., Ohmi, M., and Ishiura, S., Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 23, 572, 1983.
186. Szekely, J., Grevet, J.H., and El-Kaddah, N., International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 27, 1116, 1984.
187. Szekely, J., Lehner, T., and Wang, C.W., Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 6, 285, 1979.
188. Iguchi, M., Tomida, H., Nakajima, K., and Morita, Z., ISIJ International, 33, 728, 1993.
189. Kajani, S.K., Mazumdar, D., and Ghosh, A., Steel Research, 61, 339, 1990.
190. Mazumdar, D. and Evans, J.W., ISIJ International, 44, 447, 2004.
191. Chakraborty, N. Ed., Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Taylor and Francis, 18, 2003.
192. Chakraborty, N. Ed., Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Taylor and Francis, 20, 2005.
193. Graupe, D., Principles of Artificial Neural Networks, 2nd ed., World Scientific, Singapore, 2007.
194. Fausett, L., Fundamentals of Neural Network, Prentice Hall, New York, 1994.
195. Deb, K., Multi Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms, John Wiley, New York, 2001.
196. Arora, J.S., Introduction to Optimization Design, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1989.
197. Pham, D.T. and Karaboga, D., Intelligent Optimization Techniques, Springer Verlag, London, 2000.
198. Cox, I.J., Lewis, R.W., Ransing, R.S., Laszczewski, H., and Berni, G., Journal of Materials Processing and Technology, 120, 310, 2002.
199. Datta, A., Hareesh, M., Kalra, P.K., Deo, B., and Boom, R., Steel Research, 65, 466, 1994.
200. Mishra, S. and Debroy, T., Welding Journal, 11, 231, 2006.
201. Fluent: Version 6.2, www.fluent.com
202. COMSOL Multiphysics: Version 3.3a, www.comsol.com
203. Flow 3D: Version 9.2, www.flow3d.com
204. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 15B, 83, 1985.
205. Kajani, S.K., Mazumdar, D., and Ghosh, A., Steel Research, 61, 339, 1990.
206. Mazumdar, D. and Guthrie, R.I.L., Metallurgical Transactions, 16B, 725, 1986.
207. Mazumdar, D., Ramani, S., Yamanoglu, G., and Guthrie, R.I.L., Steel Research, 66, 14, 1995.
208. Sahai, Y. and Emi, T., ISIJ International, 36, 667, 1996.
209. Hwar, C.K., Richard, S.H., and Thomas, D.T., Journal of Computational Physics, 70, 439, 1987.
210. Mazumdar, D., Singh, K., and Ghosh, A., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 33B, 891, 2002.
211. Patil, S.P. and Mazumdar, D., Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Unpublished research, 2005.
212. Thomas, B.G., Yuan, Q., Shivaramkrishnan, S., Shi, T., Vanka, S.P., and Assar, M.B., ISIJ International, 41, 1262, 2001.
213. Mandal, J., Mazumdar, D., Madan, M., and Patil, S.P., Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 35B, 479, 2005.
214. Broadkey, R.S., Turbulence in Mixing Operations-Theory and Application to Mixing and Reaction, Academic Press, New York, 1975.