The "umbrella" clause in investment arbitration: A comment on original intentions and recent cases

Journal of World Investment and Trade

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 183-236

  Wälde, Thomas W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85056815633     PISSN: 16607112     EISSN: 22119000     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/221190005X00064     Document Type: Note

References (18)

1. The most extensive work in terms of collecting and analysing bilateral and multilateral investment instruments has been carried out by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's (Unctad) Division on International Investment, which now also makes a large number of such instruments direcdy available on its Website, at: .
2. F. A. Mann, Stale Contracts and Suite Responsibility, 54 A. J. I. L. 572 (1960);
3. R. Jennings, State Contracts in International Law, 37 B. Y. I. L. 156 (1961);
4. Stephen Schwcbel, International Protection of Contractual Agreements, A. S. I. L. Proceedings, 1959, p. 273;
5. M. Sornarajah, The International Law on Foreign Investment, Grotius, Cambridge, U. K., 1994.
6. T. Walde, A Requiem for the New International Economic Order, in G. Hafncr et al. (eds.), Liber Amicorum Professor Ignaz Seidl-Hoheiweldem, Kluwer, The Hague, 1998;
7. F. V. Garcia-Amador, Calvo Doctrine, Cabo Clause, in R.. L. Bindschedler (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Volume 1, 1992, pp. 521-523;
8. Robert Putnam, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-level Games, International Organization, Vol. 42, 1988, pp. 427-460.
9. J. Tumlir, Gatt Rules and Community Law, in Meinhard Hilf and Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, National Constitutions and International Economic Law, Kluwer, Deventer, 1993, pp. 1-52.
10. Richard Kreindler, Aspects of Illegality in the Formation and Performance of Contracts, Ogel archive at: ;
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12. Joseph Weiler, The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos of Diplomats: Reflections on the Internal and External Legitimacy of WTO Dispute Settlement, 35 J. W. T. 2, April 2001, pp. 191-207.
13. On good faith and abuse of nght, see Bin Cheng, General Principles of Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1953, reprinted by Grotius, Cambridge, U. K., 1987, at pp. 123 et seq.
14. I. Seidl-Hohenveldem, Internationales Konfiskations- und Enteignungsrecht, 1952.
15. Richard Happ, Dispute Settlement under the Energy Charter Treaty, 45 German Ybk. Int'l Law 331 (2003).
16. F. A. Mann, British Treaties for the Promotion and Protection of Investments, 52 B. Y. I. L. 24(1981), at 246;
17. S. Schwebcl, International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems, Grotius, Cambridge, U. K. 1987, pp. 61-125.
18. T. Waelde and P. Wouters, State Responsibility in a Liberalized World Economy: "State, Privileged and Subnational Authorities" under the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty, 27 Netherlands Ybk. Int'l L. 143(1996), pp. 172-173;