Sun safe workplaces: Effect of an occupational skin cancer prevention program on employee sun safety practices

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 60, Issue 11, 2018, Pages 990-997

  Walkosz, Barbara J ^a   Buller, David ^a   Buller, Mary ^a   Wallis, Allan ^b   Meenan, Richard ^c   Cutter, Gary ^d   Andersen, Peter ^e   Scott, Michael ^f  

^a KLEIN BUENDEL INC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^e SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Mikonics Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Employee safety; Occupational sun safety; Skin cancer; Sun safety; Workplace health; Workplace policy

Indexed keywords

SUNSCREEN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CANCER PREVENTION; COLORADO; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL CANCER; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PATIENT SAFETY; PRETEST POSTTEST DESIGN; PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKIN CANCER; SUN SAFE WORKPLACE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WORKPLACE; ADVERSE EVENT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH EDUCATION; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY; PROCEDURES; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; QUESTIONNAIRE; SKIN TUMOR;

ADULT; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SUNSCREENING AGENTS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; WORKPLACE;

EID: 85056434518     PISSN: 10762752     EISSN: 15365948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001427     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. World Health Organization. Ultraviolet Radiation and Intersun Programme. Skin Cancers. Available at: http://www.who.int/uv/faq/skincancer/en/ index1.html. Published 2016. Accessed May 11, 2018.
2. Armstrong BK, English DR. Cutaneous malignant melanoma. In: Schottenfeld D, Franmeni JF, editors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Vol.2. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1996. p. 1282-1312.
3. Koh HK, Kligler BE, Lew RA. Sunlight and cutaneous malignant melanoma: evidence for and against causation. Photochem Photobiol. 1990;51:765-779.
4. Kricker A, Armstrong BK, English DR, Heenan PJ. Does intermittent sun exposure cause basal cell carcinoma? A case-control study in Western Australia. Int J Cancer. 1995;60:489-494.
5. Marks R. Nonmelanotic skin cancer and solar keratoses: the quiet 20th century epidemic. Int J Dermatol. 1987;26:201-205.
6. Marks R, Jolley D, Lectsas S, Foley P. The role of childhood exposure to sunlight in the development of solar keratoses and non-melanocytic skin cancer. Med J Aust. 1990;152:62-66.
7. Weinstock MA, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. Nonfamilial cutaneous melanoma incidence in women associated with sun exposure before 20 years of age. Pediatrics. 1989;84:199-204
8. MacKie RM, Aitchison T. Severe sunburn and subsequent risk of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in Scotland. Br J Cancer. 1982;46:955-960.
9. Marlenga B. The health beliefs and skin cancer prevention practices of Wisconsin dairy farmers. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1995;22:681-686.
10. Vishvakarman D,Wong JC. Description of the use of a risk estimation model to assess the increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among outdoor workers in Central Queensland, Australia. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2003;19:81-88.
11. Goodman KJ, Bible ML, London S, Mack TM. Proportional melanoma incidence and occupation among white males in Los Angeles County (California, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1995;6:451-459.
12. Walter SD, King WD, Marrett LD. Association of cutaneous malignant melanoma with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation: results of a case-control study in Ontario, Canada. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:418-427.
13. Weiss J, Bertz J, Jung EG. Malignant melanoma in southern Germany: different predictive value of risk factors for melanoma subtypes. Dermatologica. 1991;183:109-113.
14. Beral V, Robinson N. The relationship of malignant melanoma, basal and squamous skin cancers to indoor and outdoor work. Br J Cancer. 1981;44:886-891.
15. Green A, Battistutta D, Hart V, Leslie D, Weedon D. Skin cancer in a subtropical Australian population: incidence and lack of association with occupation. The Nambour Study Group. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:1034-1040.
16. Stepanski BM, Mayer JA. Solar protection behaviors among outdoor workers. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40:43-48.
17. Rosenman KD, Gardiner J, Swanson GM, Mullan P, Zhu Z. Use of skincancer prevention strategies among farmers and their spouses. Am J Prev Med. 1995;11:342-347.
18. Lewis KG,Weinstock MA,Weaver AL, Otley CC. Adjuvant local irradiation for Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142:693-700.
19. Pichon LC, Mayer JA, Slymen DJ, Elder JP, Lewis EC, Galindo GR. Ethnoracial differences among outdoor workers in key sun-safety behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28:374-378.
20. Salas R, Mayer JA, Hoerster KD. Sun-protective behaviors of California farmworkers. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47:1244-1249.
21. Duffy SA, Choi SH, Hollern R, Ronis DL. Factors associated with risky sun exposure behaviors among operating engineers. Am J Ind Med. 2012; 55:786-792.
22. The Cancer Council of Australia. Position Statement: Sun Protection in the Workplace. Canberra, ACT, Australia: The Cancer Council of Australia; December 2005.
23. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. Skin Cancer and Sunlight. 2008. Available at: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/ skincancer.html. Accessed May 11, 2018.
24. California Department of Public Health. Outdoor-Based Business: Sun Protection Policy Guidelines. Sacramento: California Department of Public Health, Skin Cancer Prevention Program; 2008.
25. California Department of Public Health. Sun Safety: What Outdoor-Based Employees Should Know. Sacramento: California Department of Public Health, Skin Cancer Prevention Program; 2008.
26. Occupational Safety &Health Administration. Protecting Yourself in the Sun. OSHA 3166-06R. Washington, DC: Occupational Safety and Health Administration; 2003.
27. Goetzel RZ, Roemer EC, Liss-Levinson RC, Samoly DK; Partnership for Prevention, Emory University. Workplace Health Promotion: Policy Recommendations that Encourage Employers to Support Health Improvement Programs for Their Workers. Washington, DC: Partnership for Prevention; December 2008. Prevention Policy Paper. Available at: http://prevent.org/ data/files/initiatives/workplacehealtpromotion-policyrecommendations.pdf. Accessed August 8, 2018.
28. Hymel PA, Loeppke RR, Baase CM, et al. Workplace health protection and promotion: a new pathway for a healthier-and safer-workforce. J Occup Environ Med. 2011;53:695-702.
29. Bauer JE, Hyland A, Quiang L, Steger C, Cummings KM. A longitudinal assessment of the impact of smoke-free worksite policies on tobacco use. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:1024-1029.
30. Boehmer TK, Luke DA, Haire-Joshu DL, Bates HS, Brownson RC. Preventing childhood obesity through state policy. Predictors of bill enactment. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:333-340.
31. Fitch K, Pyenson B. Taking stock of wellness. Benefits Q. 2008;24:34-40.
32. Jamrozik K. Population strategies to prevent smoking. Br Med J. 2004;328: 759-762.
33. Floyd MF, Crespo CJ, Sallis JF. Active living research in diverse and disadvantaged communities stimulating dialogue and policy solutions. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:271-274.
34. Kone RG, Zurick E, Patterson S, Peeples A. Injury and violence prevention policy: celebrating our successes, protecting our future. J Safety Res. 2012;43:265-270.
35. Sallis J, Owen N. Ecological models of health behavior. In: Glanz K, Lewis FM, Rimer BK, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1997. p. 406-424.
36. Coups EJ,Manne SL, Heckman CJ.Multiple skin cancer risk behaviors in the U.S. population. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:87-93.
37. Fichtenberg CM, Glantz SA. Effect of smoke-free workplaces on smoking behaviour: systematic review. Br Med J. 2002;325:188.
38. Moskowitz JM, Lin Z, Hudes ES. The impact of workplace smoking ordinances in California on smoking cessation. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:757-761.
39. Shelley D, Yerneni R, Hung D, Das D, Fahs M. The relative effect of household and workplace smoking restriction on health status among Chinese Americans living in New York City. J Urban Health. 2007;84:360-371.
40. Green LW, Orleans CT, Ottoson JM, Cameron R, Pierce J, Bettinghaus EP. Inferring strategies for disseminating physical activity policies, programs, and practices from the successes of tobacco control. Am J Prev Med. 2004;31:66-81.
41. Engbers LH, van Poppel MN, Chin A, Paw MJ, van Mechelen W. Worksite health promotion programs with environmental changes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29:61-70.
42. Kahn EB, Ramsey LT, Brownson RC, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22(4 suppl):73-107.
43. Zaza S, Briss PA, Harris KW, et al. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: WhatWorks to Promote Health?. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2005.
44. Heany CA, Goldenhar LM. Worksite health programs: working together to advance employee health. Health Educ Q. 1996;23:133-136.
45. Stokols D, Pelletier KR, Fielding JE. The ecology of work and health: research and policy directions for the promotion of employee health. Health Educ Q. 1996;23:137-158.
46. Glanz K, Buller DB, Saraiya M. Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers: state of the evidence and recommendations. Environ Health. 2007;6:22.
47. Horsham C, Auster J, Sendall MC, et al. Interventions to decrease skin cancer in outdoor workers: update to 2007 systematic review. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:10.
48. Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Andersen PA, Scott MD, Cutter GR. The sustainability of an occupational skin cancer prevention program. J Occup Environ Med. 2015;57:1207-1213.
49. Rye S, Janda M, Stoneham M, et al. Changes in outdoor workers' sun-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors: a pre-post workplace intervention. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56:e62-e72.
50. Buller DB, Andersen PA, Walkosz BJ, et al. Randomized trial testing a worksite sun protection program in an outdoor recreation industry. Health Educ Behav. 2005;32:514-535.
51. Hall DM, McCarty F, Elliott T, Glanz K. Lifeguards' sun protection habits and sunburns: association with sun-safe environments and skin cancer prevention program participation. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145: 139-144.
52. Reinau D, Weiss M, Meier CR, Diepgen TL, Surber C. Outdoor workers' sun-related knowledge, attitudes and protective behaviours: a systematic review of cross-sectional and interventional studies. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 168:928-940.
53. Andersen PA, Buller DB, Voeks JH, et al. Testing the long-term effects of the Go Sun Smart worksite health communication campaign: a group-randomized experimental study. J Commun. 2008;58:447-471.
54. Buller DB,Walkosz BJ, Andersen PA, Scott MD, Cutter GR. Sustained use of an occupational sun safety program in a recreation industry: follow-up to a randomized trial on dissemination strategies. Transl Behav Med. 2015; 5:361-371.
55. Buller DB, Andersen PA, Walkosz BJ, et al. Enhancing industry-based dissemination of an occupational sun protection program with theory-based strategies employing personal contact. Am J Health Promot. 2012;26:356-365.
56. Buller DB,Walkosz BJ, Buller MK, et al. Results of a randomized trial on an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policies. Am J Health Promot. 2018;32:1042-1053.
57. Woolley T, Lowe J, Raasch B, Glasby M, Buettner PG. Workplace sun protection policies and employees' sun-related skin damage. Am J Health Behav. 2008;32:201-208.
58. Hammond V, Reeder AI, Gray AR, Bell ML. Areworkers or their workplaces the key to occupational sun protection? Health Promot J Aust. 2008;19:97-101.
59. MacDonald M, Pauly B, Wong G, et al. Supporting successful implementation of public health interventions: protocol for a realist synthesis. Syst Rev. 2016;5:54.
60. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York, NY: Free Press; 2003.
61. Authors. Moderators of Implementation of Occupational Sun Protection Policy by Public-sector Employers in a Randomized Trial. 39th Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine; April 11-14, 2018; New Orleans, LA
62. Taylor DA, Altman I. Communication in interpersonal relationships: social penetration processes. In: Roloff ME, Miller GR, editors. Interpersonal Processes: New Directions in Communication Research. Vol.14 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc; 1987. p. 257-277.
63. Scott MD, Powers WG. Interpersonal Communication: A Question of Needs. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 1978.
64. Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Andersen PA, Wallis A, Buller MK, Scott MD. Factors associated with occupational sun-protection policies in local government organizations in Colorado. J Am Med Assoc Dermatol. 2015;151:991-997.
65. Reynolds KD, Buller DB, French SA, Buller MK, Ashley JL. School sun protection policies: measure development and assessments in two regions of the United States. J School Health. 2012;82:499-507.
66. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Skin Cancer. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin. Published 2016. Updated September 28, 2016. Accessed May 16, 2018.
67. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Sun Exposure. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/sunexposure/. Published 2016. Updated July 26, 2016. Accessed May 16, 2018.
68. Glanz K, Yaroch AL, Dancel M, et al. Measures of sun exposure and sun protection practices for behavioral and epidemiologic research. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:217-222.
69. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18: 614-627.
70. Wu S, Han J, Laden F, Qureshi AA. Long-term ultraviolet flux, other potential risk factors, and skin cancer risk: a cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23:1080-1089.
71. Buller DB, Cokkinides V, Hall HI, et al. Prevalence of sunburn, sun protection, and indoor tanning behaviors among Americans: systematic review from national surveys. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(5 suppl 1): 114-123.
72. Hu S, Parmet Y, Allen G, et al. Disparity in melanoma: a trend analysis of melanoma incidence and stage at diagnosis among whites, Hispanics, and blacks in Florida. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:1369-1374.
73. Buller DB, Walkosz BJ, Andersen PA, et al. Sustainability of the dissemination of an occupational sun protection program in a randomized trial. Health Educ Behav. 2012;39:498-502.
74. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General; 2014.
75. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancer Prevention in the Workplace. Available at: https:// www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/cancerpreventioninworkplace/ index.htm. Updated March 8, 2017. Accessed April 30, 2018.
76. Office of the Surgeon General; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer. Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/prevent-skin-cancer/ call-to-action-prevent-skin-cancer.pdf. 2014. Accessed April 30, 2018.
77. Mofidi A, Tompa E, Spencer J, et al. The economic burden of occupational non-melanoma skin cancer due to solar radiation. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018;15:481-491.