Autocatalysts: Past, present, and future

Structured Catalysts and Reactors

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 109-146

  Twigg, Martyn V ^a   Wilkins, Anthony J J ^a  

^a JOHNSON MATTHEY CATALYSTS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85056323241     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781420028003     Document Type: Chapter

References (76)

1. Haagen-Smit, A.J. and Fox, M.M., Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organic substances, Ind. Eng. Chem., 48, 1484-1487, 1956.
2. Taylor, K.C., Automobile Catalytic Converters, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984, pp. 24-25.
3. Stern, A.C., History of air pollution legislation in the United States, J. Air Pollution Control Assoc. 32, 44-61, 1982.
4. Austin, T.C., Cross, R.H., and Heinen, P., The California Vehicle Emission Control Program: Past, Present and Future, SAE paper 811232, 1981.
5. Spencer, M.S., Fundamental principles, in Catalyst Handbook, 2nd ed., Twigg, M.V., Ed., Manson, London, 1996, pp. 38-48.
6. Church, M.L., Cooper, B.J., and Wilson, P.J., Catalyst Formulations: 1960 to Present, SAE paper 890815, 1989.
7. Platinum: Interim Review, Johnson Matthey, London, November 1996.
8. Hepburn, J.S., Patel, K.S., Meneghel, M.G., and Gandhi, H.S., Development of Pd-Only Three Way Catalyst Technology, SAE paper 941058, 1994.
9. Harrison, B., Diwell, A.F., and Hallett, C., Promoting platinum metals by ceria, Platinum Met. Rev., 32, 73-83, 1988.
10. Brisley, R.J., Chandler, G.R., Jones, H.R., Anderson, P.J., and Shady, P.J., The Use of Palladium in Advanced Catalysts, SAE paper 950259, 1995.
11. Richardson, J.T., Principles of Catalyst Development, Plenum Press, New York, 1989, pp. 104-106.
12. Kattge, D., Advanced Canning Systems for Ceramic Monoliths in Catalytic Converters, SAE paper 880284, 1988.
13. Bartley, G.J.J., Shady, P.J., D’Aniello, M.J., Chandler, G.R., Brisley, R.J., and Webster, D.E., Advanced Three-Way Catalyst Formulations for High Temperature Applications, SAE paper 930076, 1993.
14. Hu, Z. and Heck, R.M., High Temperature Ultra Stable Close-Coupled Catalysts, SAE paper 950254, 1995.
15. Twigg, M.V., Collins, N.R., Morris, D., Cooper, J.A., Marvell, D.R., Will, D.S., Gregory, D., and Tancell, P., High-Temperature Durable Three-Way Catalysts to Meet European Stage IV Emission Requirements, SAE paper 2002-01-0351, 2002.
16. Beckwith, P., Bennett, P.J., Goodfellow, C.L., Brisley, R.J., and Wilkins, A.J.J., The Effect of Three-Way Catalyst Formulation on Sulphur Tolerance and Emissions from Gasoline Fuelled Vehicles, SAE paper 940310, 1994.
17. Bennett, P.J., Beckwith, P., Bjordal, S.D., Goodfellow, C.L., Brisley, R.J., and Wilkins, A.J.J., A Review of the Effects of Gasoline Sulphur Content on Vehicle Emissions Performance, ISATA paper 96EN043, 1996.
18. Niura, Y. and Ohkubo, K., Phosphorus-Compound Effects on Catalyst Deterioration and Remedies, SAE paper 852220, 1985.
19. Brett, P.S., Neville, A.L., Preston, W.H., and Williamson, J., An Investigation into Lubricant Related Poisoning of Automotive Three-Way Catalysts and Lambda Sensors, SAE paper 890490, 1989.
20. Wilkins, A.J.J., Final analysis: engine oils and additives, Platinum Met. Rev., 47, 140-141, 2003.
21. Truex, T.J., Windawi, H., and Ellgen, P.C., The Chemistry and Control of HD2s Emissions in Three-Way Catalysts, SAE paper 872162, 1987.
22. Petrow, R.S., Quinlan, G.T., and Truex, T.J., Vehicle and Engine Dynamometer Studies of HD2s Emissions Using a Semi-Continuous Analytical Method, SAE paper 890797, 1989.
23. Diwell, A.F., Golunski, S.E., and Truex, T.J., Role of sulphate decomposition in the emission and control of hydrogen sulphide from autocatalysts, in Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control II, Crucq, A., Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 417-423.
24. Jochheim, J., Hesse, D., Duesterdiek, T., Engeler, W., Neyer, D., Warren, L.P., Wilkins, A.J.J., and Twigg, M.V., A Study of the Catalytic Reduction of NOx in Diesel Exhaust, SAE paper 962042, 1996.
25. Phillips, P.R., Chandler, G.R., Jollie, D.M., Wilkins, A.J.J., and Twigg, M.V., Development of Advanced Diesel Oxidation Catalysts, SAE paper 1999-01-3075, 1999.
26. Hansen, K.F., Bak, F., Andersen, M., Bejder, H., and Autrup, H., The Influence of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter on the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust Emissions, SAE paper 940241, 1994.
27. McClure, B.T., Bagley, S.T., and Gratz, L.D., The Influence of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter and Fuel Composition on the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust Emissions, SAE paper 920854, 1992.
28. Hawker, P.N., Diesel emission control technology, Platinum Met. Rev., 39, 2-8, 1995.
29. Cooper, B.J. and Roth, S.A., Flow-through catalysts for diesel engine emission control, Platinum Met. Rev. 35, 178-187, 1991.
30. Cooper, B.J. and Thoss, J.E., Role of NO in Diesel Particulate Emission Control, SAE paper 890404, 1989.
31. Cooper, B.J., Jung, H.J., and Thoss, J.E., Treatment of Diesel Exhaust Gas, U.S. Patent 4,902,487, February 20, 1990; European Patent 341,832, January 10, 1996.
32. Allansson, R., Blakeman, P.G., Cooper, B.J., Phillips, P.R., Thoss, J.E., and Walker, A.P., The Use of the CRT to Control Particulate Emissions: Minimising the Impact of Sulfur Poisoning, SAE paper 2002-01-1271, 2002.
33. Verbeek, R., van Aken, M., and Verkiel, M., Daf Euro-4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine With TNO EGR System and CRT Particulates Filter, SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Orlando, FL, May 2001, 2001-01-1947.
34. Spurk, P.C., Pfeifer, M., van Setten, B., Hohenberg, G., and Gietzelt, C., Untersuchung von motorseitigen Regenerationsmethoden für katalytisch beschichtete Diesel-Partikelfilter für den Einsatz im Nutzfahrzeug, 24th Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium, May 15-16, 2003, pp. 337-358.
35. Diesel Emission Control: Sulfur Effects (DECSE Program), final report, January 2000, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Engine Manufactures Association and Manufactures of Emission Controls Association.
36. Allansson, R., Blakeman, P.G., Cooper, B.J., Hess, H., Silcock, P.J., and Walker, A.P., Optimizing the Low Temperature Performance and Regeneration Efficiency of the Continuously Regenerating Diesel Particulate Filter (CR-DPF) System, SAE World Congress and Exhibition, Detroit, MI, March 2002, 2002-01-0428.
37. Salvat, O., Marez, P., and Belot, G., Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common-Rail, Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, March 2000, 2000-01-0473.
38. Quigley, M. and Seguelong, T., Series Application of a Diesel Particulate Filter With a Ceria-Based, Fuel-Borne Catalyst: Preliminary Conclusions After One Year of Service, SAE World Congress and Exhibition, Detroit, MI, March 2002, 2002-01-0436.
39. Richards, P., Terry, B., Vincent, M.W., and Chadderton, J., Combining Fuel-Borne Catalyst, Catalytic Wash Coat and Diesel Particulate Filter, SAE World Congress and Exhibition, Detroit, MI, March 2001, 2001-01-0902.
40. Zelenka, P., Schmidt, S., and Elfinger, G., An Active Regeneration Aid as a Key Element for Safe Particulate Trap Use, ATTCE 2001 Proceedings, Vol. 7, Barcelona, Spain, October 2001; SAE, 2001-01-3199, 2001.
41. Fricker, N., Janikowski, H.E., and Stover, G.P., Institution of Gas Engineers 57th Autumn Meeting, Harrogate, U.K., 1991, Communication 1474.
42. Coultas, D., Twigg, M.V., O’Sullivan, R.D., and Collins, N.R., The Development and Application of 2-Stroke Catalysts for 2-Wheelers in Europe and Asia, SAE paper 2001-01-1821, 2001.
43. Coultas, D., Collins, N.R., Sheppard, J., Midgley, I., Twigg, M.V., Gillespie, J., Bisht, S. and Manocha, M., New, Highly Durable, Low PGM Motorcycle Catalyst Formulations for the Indian Two-Wheeler Market, SAE paper 2003-26-0003, 2003.
44. Clemmens, W., Sabourin, M., and Rao, T., Detection of Catalyst Performance Loss Using On-Board Diagnostics, SAE paper 900062, 1990.
45. Hepburn, J.S. and Gandhi, H.S., The Relationship Between Catalyst Hydrocarbon Conversion Efficiency and Oxygen Storage Capacity, SAE paper 920831, 1992.
46. Kubsh, J.E., Alternative EHC Heating Patterns and Their Impact on Cold-Start Emissions Performance, SAE paper 941996, 1994.
47. Mizuno, H., Abe, F., Hashimoto, S., and Kondo, T., A Structurally Durable EHC for the Exhaust Manifold, SAE paper 940466, 1994.
48. Reddy, K.P., Gulati, S.T., Lambert, D.W., Schmidt, P.S., and Weiss, D.S., High Temperature Durability of Electrically Heated Extruded Metal Support, SAE paper 940782, 1994.
49. Bartley, G.J.J., Shady, P.J., D’Aniello, M.J., Chandler, G.R., Brisley, R.J., and Webster, D.E., Advanced Three-Way Catalyst Formulations for High Temperature Applications, SAE paper 930076, 1993.
50. Punke, A., Dahle, U., Tauster, J.J., Rabinowitz, H.N., and Yamada, T., Trimetallic Three-Way Catalysts, SAE paper 950255, 1995.
51. Brisley, R.J., Collins, N.R., Morris, D., and Twigg, M.V., Development of Thermally Durable Three-Way Catalysts for Use in South America, SAE paper 982905, 1998.
52. Andersen, P.J. and Ballinger, T.H., Improvements in Pd:Rh and Pt:Rh Three Way Catalysts, SAE paper 1999-01-0308, 1999.
53. Lafyatis, D.S., Bennett, C.J., Hayles, M.A., Morris, D., Cox, J.P., and Rajaram, R.R., Comparison of Pd-Only versus Pd-Rh Catalysts: Effects of Sulfur, Temperature and Space Velocity, SAE paper 1999-01-0309, 1999.
54. Hochmuth, J.K., Burk, P.L., Tolentino, C., and Mignano, M.J., Hydrocarbon Traps for Controlling Cold Start Emissions, SAE paper 930739, 1993.
55. Brisley, R.J., Collins, N.R., and Law, D., Catalytic Purification of Engine Exhaust Gas, European Patent 716,877, June 19, 1996.
56. Oeser, P., Müller, E., Haertel, G.R., and Schuerfeld, A.O., Novel Emission Technologies With Emphasis on Catalyst Cold Start Improvements: Status Report on VW-Pierburg Burner/Catalyst Systems, SAE paper 940474, 1994.
57. Hepburn, J.S., Adamczyk, A.A., and Pawlowicz, R.A., Gasoline Burner for Rapid Catalyst Light-Off, SAE paper 942072, 1994.
58. Iwamoto, M., Yokoo, M., Sasaki, K., and Kagawa, S.J., Catalytic decomposition of nitric oxide over copper(II)-exchanged Y-type zeolites, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 77, 1629-1638, 1981.
59. Havenith, C., Verbeek, R.P., Heaton, D.M., and van Sloten, P., Development of a Urea DeNOx Catalyst Concept for European Ultra-Low Emission Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines, SAE paper 952652, 1995.
60. Havenith, C. and Verbeeck, R.P., Transient Performance of a Urea DeNOx Catalyst for Low Emissions Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine, SAE paper 970185, 1997.
61. Alcorn, W.R., Process for Removal of NOx from Fluid Streams, US Patent 4912776, March 27, 1990.
62. Amon, B., Fischer, S., Hofmann, L., and Zürbig, J., 5th International Congress on Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control (CAPoC), Brussels, Belgium, 12-14 April, 2000, p. 215.
63. van Helden, R., van Genderen, M., van Aken, M., Verbeek, R., Patchett, J.A., Kruithof, J., Straten, T., and Gerentet de Soluneau, C., Engine Dynamometer and Vehicle Performance of a Urea SCR-System for Heavy-Duty Truck Engines, SAE 2002 World Congress and Exhibition, Detroit, MI, March 2002, 2002-01-0286.
64. Chandler, G.R., Cooper, B.J., Harris, J.P., Thoss, J.E., Uusimäki, A., Walker, A.P., and Warren, J.P., An Integrated SCR and Continuously Regenerating Trap System to Meet Future NOx and PM Legislation, SAE 2000 World Congress, Detroit, MI, March 2000, 2000-01-0188.
65. TM System, 9th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Conference, Rhode Island, August 23-28, 2003; see www.orau.gov/DEER.
66. Walker, A.P., Allansson, R., Blakeman, P.G., Lavenius, M., Erkfeldt, S., Landalv, H., Ball, B., Harrod, P., Manning D., and Bernegger, L., The Development and Performance of the Compact SCR-Trap System: A 4-Way Diesel Emission Control System, SAE 2003 World Congress, Detroit, MI, March 2003, 2003-01-0778.
67. Held, W., König, A., Richter, T., and Puppe, L., Catalytic NOx Reduction in Net Oxidizing Exhaust Gas, SAE paper 900496, 1990.
68. Miyoshi, N., Matsumoto, S., Katoh, K., Tanaka, T., Harada, J., and Takahara, N., Development of New Concept Three-Way Catalyst for Automotive Lean-Burn Engines, SAE paper 950809, 1995.
69. Bögner, W., Krämer, M., Krutzsch, B., Pischinger, S., Voigtländer, D., Wenninger, G., Wirbeit, F., Brogan, M.S., Brisley, R.J., and Webster, D.E., Removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust of a lean-tune gasoline engine, Appl. Catal. B 7, 153-171, 1995.
70. Brogan, M.S., Brisley, R.J., Walker, A.P., Webster, D.E., Bögner, W., Fekete, N.P., Krämer, M., Krutzsch, B., and Voigtländer, D., Evaluation of NOx Storage Catalysts as an Effective System for NOx Removal from the Exhaust Gas of Leanburn Gasoline Engines, SAE paper 952490, 1995.
71. Paquet, T., Tahara, J., Sugiyama, T., Hirota, S., Matsuoka, H., and Fujimura, T., 11th Aachener Kolloquium Farzeug and Motorentechnic, 2002.
72. Brisley, R.J., Twigg, M.V., and Wilkins, A.J.J., Catalytic Wall-Flow Filter, World Patent 0,112,320, February 22, 2001.
73. Ito, T., Matsuoka, H., Sugiyama, T., Fujimura, T., and Teraoka, K., 12th Aachener Kolloquium Farzeug and Motorentechnik, 2003.
74. Colliou, T., Lavy, J., Martin, B., Dementhon, J.B., Pichon, G., Chandes, K., and Pierron, L., Verbindung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators mit einem Diesel Partikel Filter zur Emissions-Reduzierung an einem 6 Zylinder Nfz Motor, 24th Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium, May 15-16, 2003, p. 359.
75. Schenk, C., McDonald, J., and Olson, B., High-Efficiency NOx and PM Exhaust Emission Control for Heavy-Duty On-Highway Diesel Engines, SAE paper 2001-01-1351, 2001.
76. Schenk, C., McDonald, J., and Olson, B., High-Efficiency NOx and PM Exhaust Emission Control for Heavy-Duty On-Highway Diesel Engines: Part Two, SAE paper 2001-01-3619, 2001.