Sorption to aerosols

Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals: Environmental Health Sciences

Volumn , Issue , 2000, Pages 233-260

  Bidleman, Terry F ^a   Harner, Tom ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85055365734     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (139)

1. Anderson, P.N. and R.A. Hites. 1996. OH radical reactions: the major removal pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 301-306.
2. Arey, J., R. Atkinson, B. Zielinska, and P.A. McElroy. 1989. Diurnal concentrations of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitroarenes during a photochemical pollution episode in Glendora, California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 321-327.
3. Baek, S.O., M.E. Goldstone, P.W.W. Kirk, J.N. Lester, and R. Perry. 1991. Phase distribution and particle size dependency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere. Chemosphere 22: 503-520.
4. Baker, J.E. and S.J. Eisenreich. 1990. Concentrations and fluxes of PAHs and PCB congeners across the air-water interface of Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24: 342-352.
5. Beyhmer, T.D. and R.A. Hites. 1988. Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on fly ash. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22: 1311-1319
6. Bidleman, T.F. 1988. Atmospheric processes: wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22: 361-367.
7. Bidleman, T.F. 1985. High volume collection of organic vapors using solid adsorbents. In J.F. Lawrence, Ed., Trace Analysis, Vol. 4 (Academic Press, NY), pp. 51-100.
8. Bidleman, T.F., W.N. Billings, and W.T. Foreman. 1986. Vapor-particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds: estimates from field collections. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20: 1038-1043.
9. Bidleman, T.F., D. Cleaverly, and M. Lorber. 1999. Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect Exposure to Combustor Emissions, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, in press.
10. Bidleman, T.F. and L.L. McConnell. 1995. A review of field experiments to determine air-water gas exchange of persistent organic pollutants. Sci. Total Environ. 159: 101-117.
11. Brubaker, W.W. Jr. and R.A. Hites. 1997. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: gasphase hydroxyl radical reactions and related atmospheric removal. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:1805-1810.
12. Bunce, N.J., L. Liu, J. Zhu, and D.A. Lane. 1997. Reaction of naphthalene and its derivatives with hydroxyl radicals in the gas phase. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 2252-2259.
13. Burford, M.D., S.B. Hawthorne, and D.J. Miller. 1993. Extraction rates of spiked vs. native PAHs from heterogeneous environmental samples using supercritical fluid extraction and sonication in methylene chloride. Anal. Chem. 65: 1497-1505.
14. Chuang, J.C., S.W. Hannan, and N.K. Wilson. 1987. Field comparison of polyurethane foam and XAD-2 resin for air sampling of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:798-804.
15. Corn, M., T.L. Montgomery, and N.A. Esman. 1971. Suspended particulate matter: seasonal variation in specific surface areas and densities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5: 155-158.
16. Cotham, W.E. and T.F. Bidleman. 1995. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and rural site near Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 2782-2789.
17. Cotham, W.E. and T.F. Bidleman. 1992. Laboratory investigations of the partitioning of organochlorine compounds between the gas phase and atmospheric aerosols on glass fiber filters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 469-478.
18. Coutant, R.W., L. Brown, J.C. Chuang, R.M. Riggin, and R.G. Lewis. 1988. Phase distribution and artifact formation in ambient air sampling for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Atmos. Environ. 22: 403-409.
19. Coutant, R.W., P.J. Callahan, M.R. Kuhlman, and R.G. Lewis. 1989. Design and performance of a high volume compound annular denuder. Atmos. Environ. 23: 2205-2211.
20. Coutant, R.W., P.J. Callahan, J.C. Chuang, and R.G. Lewis. 1992. Efficiency of silicone grease coated denuders for collection of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Atmos. Environ. 26A: 2831-2834.
21. Dannenfelser, R.M., N. Surendran, and S.H. Yalkowsky. 1993. Molecular symmetry and related properties. SAR and QSAR in Environ. Res. 1: 273-292.
22. Dickhut, R.M. and K.E. Gustafson. 1995. Atmospheric washout of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the southern Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1518-1525, correction ibid. 2904.
23. Donnelly, J.R., L.A. Drewes, R.L. Johnson, W.D. Munslow, K.K. Knapp, and G.W. Sovocool, 1990. Purity and heat of fusion data for environmental standards as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 167: 155-187.
24. Duinker, J.C. and F. Bouchertall. 1989. On the distribution of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyl congeners between the vapor phase, aerosols and rain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 57-62.
25. Eatough, D.J. 1999. BOSS, The Brigham Young University organic sampling system: determination of particulate carbonaceous material using diffusing denuder sampling technology In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 233-285.
26. Eatough, D.J., A. Wadsworth, D.A. Eatough, J.W. Crawford, L.D. Hansen, and E.A. Lewis, 1993. A multi-system, multi-channel diffusion denuder sampler for the determination of fine particulate organic matter in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 27: 1213-1219.
27. Eisenreich, S.J., K.C. Hornbuckle, and D.A. Achman. 1997. Air-water exchange of semivolatile organic chemicals (SOCs) in the Great Lakes. In J.E. Baker, Ed. Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida, 109-135.
28. Eitzer, B.D. and R.A. Hites. 1989a. Atmospheric transport and deposition of polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins and dibenzofurans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 1396-1401.
29. Eitzer, B.D. and R.A. Hites. 1989b. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient atmosphere of Bloomington, Indiana. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 1389-1395.
30. Eitzer, B.D. and R.A. Hites. 1988. Vapor pressures of chlorinated dioxins and furans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22: 1362-1364
31. Falconer, R.L. and T.F. Bidleman. 1994. Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution. Atmos. Environ. 28: 547-554.
32. Falconer, R.L., T.F. Bidleman, and W.E. Cotham. 1995. Preferential sorption of non- and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls to urban aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1666-1673.
33. Fan, Z.H., D. Chen, P. Birla, and R.M. Kamens, 1995. Modeling of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation and decay in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 29: 1171-1181.
34. Febo, A., C. Perrino, and I. Allegrini. 1999. Selective gas and particle sampling: diffusion denuders. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 127-175
35. Finizio, A., D. Mackay, T.F. Bidleman, and T. Harner. 1997. Octanol-air partition coefficient as a predictor of partitioning of semi-volatile organic chemicals to aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 31: 2289-2296.
36. Fischer R.C., R. Wittlinger, and K. Ballschmiter. 1992. Retention-index based vapor pressure estimation for polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) by gas chromatography. Fres. J. Analyt. Chem. 342: 421-425.
37. Foreman, W.T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1987. An experimental system for investigating vapor-particle partitioning of trace organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21: 869-875.
38. Foreman, W.T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1990. Semivolatile organic compounds in the ambient air of Denver, Colorado. Atmos. Environ. 24A: 2405-2416.
39. Forstner, H.L., R.C. Flagan, and J.H. Seinfeld. 1997. Molecular speciation of secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of higher alkenes: 1-octene and 1-decene. Atmos. Environ. 31: 1953-1964.
40. Golomb, D., D. Ryan, J. Underhill, T. Wade, and S. Zemba. 1997. Atmospheric deposition of toxics onto Massachusetts Bay. II. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Atmos. Environ. 31: 1361-1368.
41. Goss, K.-U. and S.J. Eisenreich. 1997. Sorption of volatile organic compounds to particles from a combustion source at different temperatures and relative humidities. Atmos. Environ. 31: 2827-2834.
42. Goss, K.-U. and R.P. Schwartzenbach. 1998. Gas/solid and gas/liquid partitioning of organic compounds:critical evaluation of the interpretation of equilibrium constants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32: 2025-2032.
43. Gundel, L.A. and D.A. Lane. 1999. Sorbent-coated diffusion denuders for direct measurement of gas/particle partition by semivolatile organic compounds. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 287-332.
44. Gundel, L.A., V.C. Lee, K.R.R. Mahanama, R.K. Stevens, and J.M. Daisey. 1995. Direct determination of the phase distributions of semi-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using annular denuders. Atmos. Environ. 29: 1719-1733.
45. Gustafson, K.E. and R.M. Dickhut. 1997. Particle/gas concentrations and distributions of PAHs in the atmosphere of southern Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 140-147.
46. Harner, T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1998b. Measurements of octanol-air partition coefficients for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychloronaphthalenes. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 43: 40-46.
47. Harner, T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1998a Octanol-air partition coefficient (Koa) for describing particle-gas partitioning of aromatic compounds in urban air. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32: 1494-1502.
48. Harner, T. and T.F. Bidleman. 1996. Measurements of octanol-air partition coefficients for polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Chem. Eng. Data 41: 895-899.
49. Harner, T. and D. Mackay. 1995. Measurements of octanol-air partition coefficients for chlorobenzenes, PCBs and DDT. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1599-1606.
50. Hart, K.M. and J.F. Pankow. 1994. High volume air sampler for particle and gas sampling. 2. Use of backup filters to correct for adsorption of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the front filter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 655-661.
51. Hinckley, D.A., T.F. Bidleman, W.T. Foreman, and J. Tuschall. 1990. Determination of vapor pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatographic retention data. J. Chem. Eng. Data 35: 232-237.
52. Hoff, R.M., W.M.J. Strachan, C.W. Sweet, C.H. Chan, M. Shackleton, T.F. Bidleman, K.A. Brice, D.A. Burniston, S. Cussion, D.F. Gatz, K. Karlin, and W.H. Schroeder. 1996. Atmos. Environ. 30: 3505-3527.
53. Holsen, T.M. and K.E. Noll. 1992. Dry deposition of atmospheric particles: application of current models to ambient data. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 1807-1815.
54. Holsen, T.M., K.E. Noll, S.-P. Liu, and W-J. Lee. 1991. Dry deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25: 1075-1081.
55. Hornbuckle, K.C., D.R. Achman, and S.J. Eisenreich. 1993. Over-water and over-land polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27: 75-87.
56. Jang, M. and S.R. McDow. 1995. Benz[a]anthracene photodegradation in the presence of known organic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 2654-2660.
57. Jang, M., R.M. Kamens, K.B. Leach, and M.R. Strommen. 1997. Thermodynamic approach using group contribution methods to model the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds on atmospheric particulate matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 2805-2811.
58. Junge, C.E. 1977. Basic considerations about trace constituents in the atmosphere as related to the fate of global pollutants. In I.H. Suffet, Ed., Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environments. Adv. in Environ. Sci. Technol. Ser., Vol. 8, Part I, Wiley-Interscience, NY. pp. 7-26.
59. Kamens< R., Z. Fan, M. Jang, J. Odum, J. Hu, D. Coe, J. Zhang, S. Chen, and K. Leach. 1999. The use of denuders for semivolatile characterization studies in outdoor chambers. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 333-368.
60. Kamens, R.M., Z-H. Fan, Y. Yao, D. Chen, S. Chen, and M. Vartiainen. 1994. A methodology for modeling the formation and decay of nitro-PAH in the atmosphere. Chemosphere 28: 1623-1632.
61. Kamens, R.M., Z. Guo, J.N. Fulcher, and D.A. Bell. 1988. Influence of humidity, sunlight and temperature on the daytime decay of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on atmospheric soot particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22: 103-108.
62. Kamens, R.M., H. Karam, J. Guo, J.M. Perry, and L. Stockburger. 1989. The behavior of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on atmospheric soot particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 801-806.
63. Kamens, R., J. Odum, and Z.-H. Fan. 1995. Some observations on times to equilibrium for semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 43-50.
64. Kaupp, H. and G. Umlauf. 1992. Atmospheric gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds:comparison of sampling methods. Atmos. Environ. 26A: 2259-2267.
65. Koester, C.J. and R.A. Hites. 1992a. Wet and dry depositon of chlorinated dioxins and furans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 1375-1382.
66. Koester, C.J. and R.A. Hites. 1992b. Photodegradation of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans adsorbed to fly ash. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 502-507.
67. Kömp, P. and M. McLachlan. 1997. Octanol-air partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16: 2433-2437.
68. Krieger, M.S. and R.A. Hites. 1994. Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air with a diffusion denuder. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 1129-1133.
69. Kucklick, J.R., D.A. Hinckley, and T.F. Bidleman. 1991. Determination of Henry’s law constants for hexachlorocyclohexanes in distilled water and artificial seawater as functions of temperature. Marine Chem. 34: 197-209.
70. Kwok, E.S.C., R. Atkinson, and J. Arey, 1995. Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with dichlorobiphenyls, 1-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene and diphenyl ether: Estimation of OH radical reaction rate constants for PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1591-1598.
71. Kwok, E.S.C., W.P. Harger, J. Arey, and R. Atkinson. 1994a. Reactions of gas-phase phenanthrene under simulated atmospheric conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1591-1598.
72. Lane, D.A., 1999. Gas and Particle Phase Partition Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Publishers, in press.
73. Lane, D.A. and L. Gundel, 1996. Gas and particle sampling of airborne polycyclic aromatic compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 9: 67-73.
74. Lane, D.A. and N.D. Johnson. 1999. Gas/particle measurements with the gas and particle (GAP) sampler. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 177-200.
75. Lane, D.A. and H. Tang. 1994. Photochemical degradation of polycyclic aromatic compounds. 1. Napthalene. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 5: 131-138.
76. Lee, W.-M. G. and L.-Y. Tsay. 1994. The partitioning model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon between gaseous and particulate (PM-10) phases in urban atmosphere with high humidity. Sci. Total Environ. 145: 163-171.
77. Lei, Y. D., F. Wania, and W.-Y. Shu. 1999. Determination of the vapor pressures of polychlorinated naphthalenes. J. Chem. Eng. Data 44: 577-582.
78. Lewis, R.G. and R.W. Coutant. 1999. Determination of phase-distributed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air by grease-coated denuders. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 201-231.
79. Liang, C. and J.F. Pankow. 1996. Gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds to environmental tobacco smoke: partition coefficient measurements by desorption and comparison to urban particulate material. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 2800-2805.
80. Liang, C., J.F. Pankow, J.R. Odum, and J.H. Seinfeld. 1997. Gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds to model inorganic, organic and ambient smog aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 3086-3092.
81. Ligocki, M.P., C. Leuenberger, and J.F. Pankow. 1985a. Trace organic compounds in rain. II. Gas scavenging of neutral organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 19: 1609-1617.
82. Ligocki, M.P., C. Leuenberger, and J.F. Pankow. 1985b. Trace organic compounds in rain. III. Particle scavenging of neutral organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 19: 1619-1626.
83. Ligocki, M.P. and J.F. Pankow. 1989. Measurement of the gas/particle distribution of atmospheric organic compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23: 75-83.
84. Lorber, M., D. Cleverly, J. Schaum, L. Phillips, G. Schweer, and T. Leighton. 1994. Development and validation of an air-to-beef food chain model for dioxin-like compounds. Sci. Total Environ. 156:39-65.
85. Mackay, D., S. Paterson, and W.H. Schroeder. 1986. Model describing the rates of transfer processes of organic chemicals between atmosphere and water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20: 810-816.
86. Mackay, D., W.-Y. Shiu, and K.C. Ma. 1992a. Illustrated Handbook of Physical - Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate of Organic Compounds. I. Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons, Chlorobenzenes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, 697 pages.
87. Mackay, D., W.-Y. Shiu, and K.C. Ma. 1992b. Illustrated Handbook of Physical - Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate of Organic Compounds. II. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, 597 pages.
88. McDow, S.R. 1999. Sampling artifact errors in gas/particle partitioning measurements. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 105-126.
89. McDow, S.R. and J.J. Huntzicker. 1990. Vapor adsorption artifact in the sampling of organic aerosol:face velocity effects. Atmos. Environ. 24A: 2563-2571.
90. McDow, S.R., Q Sun, M. Vartiainen, Y Hong, Y Yao, T. Fister, R. Yao, and R. Kamens, 1994. Effect of composition and state of organic components on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decay in atmospheric aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 2147-2153.
91. McDow, S.R., M. Vartiainen, Q. Sun, Y. Kong, and R.M. Kamens. 1995. Combustion aerosol water content and its effect on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reactivity. Atmos. Environ. 29: 791-797.
92. McLachlan, M.S. 1996. Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic chemicals in agricultural food chains. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 252-259.
93. McVeety, B.D. 1986. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to water surfaces:a mass balance approach. Ph.D. Thesis, Indiana University, 455 pages.
94. McVeety, B.D. and R.A. Hites. 1988. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to water surfaces: a mass balance approach. Atmos. Environ. 22: 511-536.
95. Monosmith, C.L. and M.H. Hermanson. 1996. Spatial and temporal trends of atmospheric organochlorine vapors in the central and upper Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 3464-3472.
96. Ngabe, B. and T.F. Bidleman. 1992. Occurrence and vapor-particle partitioning of organic compounds in ambient air of Brazzaville, Congo. Environ. Pollut. 76: 147-156.
97. Offenberg, J.H. and J.E. Baker. 1997. Polychlorinated biphenyls in Chicago precipitation: enhanced wet deposition to nearshore Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 1534-1538.
98. Pankow, J.F. 1987. Review and comparative analysis of the theories on partitioning between the gas and aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 21: 2275-2283.
99. Pankow, J.F. 1988. The calculated effects of non-exchangeable material on the gas-particle distribution of organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 22: 1405-1409.
100. Pankow, J.F. 1991. Common y-intercept and single compound regressions of gas-particle partition coefficient vs. 1/T. Atmos. Environ. 25A: 2229-2239.
101. Pankow, J.F. 1992. Application of the common y-intercept regression parameters for log Kp vs. 1/T for predicting gas-particle partitioning in the urban environment. Atmos. Environ. 26A: 2489-2497.
102. Pankow, J.F. 1994a. An absorption model of gas-particle partitioning in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 21: 185-188.
103. Pankow, J.F. 1994b. An absorption model of the gas-aerosol partitioning involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol. Atmos. Environ. 21: 189-193.
104. Pankow, J.F. 1998. Further discussion of the octanol-air partition coefficient, Koa, as a correlating parameter for gas/particle partitioning coefficients. Atmos. Environ. 32: 1493-1497.
105. Pankow, J.F. 1999. Fundamentals and mechanisms of gas/particle partitioning in the atmosphere. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 25-37.
106. Pankow, J.F. and T.F. Bidleman. 1992. Interdependence of the slopes and intercepts from log-log correlations of measured gas-particle partitioning vs. subcooled liquid vapor pressure. 1. Basic considerations and review of available data. Atmos. Environ. 25A: 2241-2249.
107. Pankow, J.F. and T.F. Bidleman. 1991. Effects of temperature, TSP and percent non-exchangeable material in determining the gas-particle distributions of organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 26A: 1071-1080.
108. Pankow, J.F., L.M. Isabelle, D.A. Buchholz, W. Luo, and B.D. Reeves. 1994. Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes to environmental tobacco smoke. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 363-365.
109. Pankow, J.F., J.M.E. Storey, and H. Yamasaki. 1993. Effects of relative humidity on gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds to urban particulate matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27: 2220-2226.
110. Pirrone, N., G.J. Keeler, and T.M. Holsen. 1995. Dry deposition of semivolatile organic compounds to Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 2123-2132.
111. Poster, D.L. and J.E. Baker. 1996a. Influence of submicron particles on hydrophobic organic contaminants in precipitation. 1. Concentrations and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in rainwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 341-348.
112. Poster, D.L. and J.E. Baker. 1996b. Influence of submicron particles on hydrophobic organic contaminants in precipitation. 2. Scavenging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by rain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30: 349-354.
113. Poster, D.L., R.M. Hoff, and J.E. Baker. 1995. Measurement of the particle size distributions of semivolatile organic contaminants in the atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 1990-1997.
114. Rordorf, B.F. 1989. Prediction of vapor pressures, boiling points and enthalpies of fusion for twentynine halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and fifty-five dibenzofurans by a vapor pressure correlation method. Chemosphere 18: 783-788.
115. Rounds, S.A. and J.F. Pankow. 1990. Application of a radial diffusion model to describe gas-particle sorption kinetics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24: 1378-1386.
116. Rounds, S.A., B.A. Tiffany, and J.F. Pankow. 1993. Description of gas-particle sorption kinetics with an intraparticle diffusion model: desorption experiments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27: 366-377.
117. Seiber, J.N., B.W. Wilson, and M.M. McChesney. 1993. Air and fog deposition residues of four organophosphate insecticides used on dormant orchards in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27: 2236-2243.
118. Shah, J.J., R.L. Johnson, E.K. Heyerdahl, and J.J. Huntzicker. 1986. Carbonaceous aerosol at urban and rural sites in the United States. J. Air Pollut. Cont. Assoc. 36: 254-257.
119. Sheffield, A.E. and J.F. Pankow. 1994. Specific surface area of urban atmospheric particulate matter in Portland, Oregon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 1759-1766.
120. Simcik, M.F., T.P. Franz, H. Zhang, and S. J. Eisenrich. 1998. Gar-particle partitioning of PCBs and PAHs in the Chicago urban and adjacent coastal atmosphere: states of equilibrium. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32: 251-257.
121. Simonich, S. and R.A. Hites. 1995. Organic pollutant accumulation in vegetation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 2905-2914.
122. Storey, J.M.E., W. Luo, L.M. Isabelle, and J.F. Pankow. 1995. Gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds to model atmospheric solid surfaces as a function of relative humidity. 1. Clean quartz. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 2420-2428.
123. Subramanyam, K.T. Valsaraj, L.J. Thibodeaux, and D.D. Reible. 1994. Gas-to-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 28: 3083-3091.
124. Suntio, L.R., W.-Y. Shiu, D. Mackay, J.N. Seiber, and D. Glotfelty. 1988. Critical review of Henry’s law constants for pesticides. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 103: 1-59.
125. Tang, H., E.A. Lewis, D.J. Eatough, R.M. Burton, and R.J. Farber. 1994. Determination of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of semi-volatile organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles with a diffusion denuder sampling system. Atmos. Environ. 28: 939-947.
126. Thibodeaux, L.J., K.C. Nadler, K.T. Valsaraj, and D.D. Reible. 1991. The effect of moisture on volatile organic chemical gas-to-particle partitioning with atmospheric aerosols - competitive adsorption theory predictions. Atmos. Environ. 25A: 1649-1656.
127. Turpin, B.J., S.-P. Liu, P.H. McMurry, and S.J. Eisenriech. 1999. Definitive measurement of semivolatilve PAHs with a diffusion separator: Design and investigation of sampling artifacts in filteradsorbent samplers. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp.369-392.
128. Turpin, B.J., J.J. Huntzicker, and S.V. Hering. 1994. Investigation of organic aerosol sampling artifacts in the Los Angeles Basin. Atmos. Environ. 28: 3061-3071.
129. Turpin, B.J., S-P. Liu, K.S. Poldoske, M.S.P. Gomes, S.J. Eisenreich, and P.H. McMurray. 1993. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27: 2441-2449.
130. Umlauf, G. 1999. Measuring gas/particle fractions of trace organic compounds in ambient air. Evaluation of electrostatic precipitation, impaction and cnoventional filtration for separating particles. In: Lane, D.A., Ed., Gas and Particle Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 73-103.
131. Venkataraman, C. and S.K. Friedlander. 1994. Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elemental carbon. 2. Ambient measurements and effects of atmospheric processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 563-572.
132. Venkataraman, C., J.M. Lyons, and S.K. Friedlander. 1994. Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elemental carbon. 1. Sampling, measurement methods and source characterization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 555-562.
133. Welsch-Paulsch, K., M. McLachlan, and G. Umlauf. 1995. Determination of the principal pathways of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to Lolium multiflorum (Welsh ray grass). Environ. Sci. Technol. 29: 189-194.
134. Whitby, K.T. 1978. The physical characteristics of sulfate aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 12: 135-159.
135. Wilson, N.K., T.R. McCurdy, and J.C. Chuang. 1995. Concentrations and phase distributions of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Atmos. Environ. 29:2575-2584.
136. Yamasaki, H., K. Kuwata, and Y. Kuge. 1984. Determination of vapor pressures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the supercooled liquid phase and their adsorption on airborne particulate matter. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 8: 1324-1329 (in Japanese), Chem. Abst. 101: 156747p.
137. Yamasaki, H., K. Kuwata, and H. Miyamoto. 1982. Effects of ambient temperature on aspects of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16: 189-194.
138. Zaranski, M.T., G.W. Patton, L.L. McConnell, T.F. Bidleman, and J.D. Mulik. 1991. Collection of nonpolar organic compounds from ambient air using polyurethane foam - granular adsorbent sandwich cartridges. Anal. Chem. 63: 1228-1232.
139. Zhang, X. and P.H. McMurry. 1991. Theoretical aspects of evaporative losses of adsorbed or absorbed species during atmospheric aerosol sampling. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25: 456-459.