Osmotic and ionic regulation in reptiles

Osmotic and Ionic Regulation: Cells and Animals

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 443-503

  Dantzler, William H ^a   Donald Bradshaw, S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85055207248     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780849380525     Document Type: Chapter

References (322)

1. Abel, J.H. and Ellis, R.A., Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the salt secreting lachrymal glands of marine turtles, Am. J. Anat., 118, 337-358, 1966.
2. Abraham, W., Wertz, P.W., Burken, R.R., and Downing, D.T., Glucosylsterol and acylglucosylsterol of snake epidermis: structure determination, J. Lipid Res., 28, 446-449, 1987.
3. Alibardi, L. and Maderson, P.F.A., Observations on the histochemistry and ultrastructure of the epidermis of the Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (Spenodotida, Lepidosauria, Reptilia): a contribution to an understanding of the Lepidosaurian epidermal generation and evolutionary origin of the squamate shedding complex, J. Morphol., 256, 111-133, 2003.
4. Anderson, E., The ultramicroscopic structure of a reptilian kidney, J. Morphol., 106, 205-240, 1960.
5. Avery, R.A., Field studies of body temperatures and thermoregulation. In Biology of the Reptilia, Gans, C. and Pough, F.H., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 93-166.
6. Badia, P., Gomez, T., Diaz, M., and Lorenzo, A., Mechanism of transport of Na and Cl in the lizard colon, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 87, 883-887, 1987.
7. Bakker, H.R. and Bradshaw, S.D., The effect of hypothalamic lesions on water metabolism of the toad Bufo marinus, J. Endocrinol., 75, 161-172, 1977.
8. Barfuss, D.W. and Dantzler, W.H., Glucose transport in isolated perfused proximal tubules of snake kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 231, 1716-1728, 1976.
9. Baze, W.B. and Horne, F.R., Ureogenesis in Chelonia, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 34, 91-100, 1970.
10. Beck, T.R., Hassid, A., and Dunn, M.J., Desamino-D-arginine vasopressin induces fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity in the renal medulla of diabetes insipidus rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 221, 269-274, 1982.
11. Bennet, H.S., Morphological aspects of extracellular polysaccharides, Histochem. Cytochem., 11, 14-23, 1967.
12. Benson, G.K., Phillips, J.G., and Holmes, W.N., Observations on the histological structure of the nasal gland of the turtle, J. Anat., 98, 290, 1964.
13. Bentley, P.J., Studies on the water and electrolyte metabolism of the lizard Trachysaurus rugosus (Gray), J. Physiol., 145, 37-47, 1959.
14. Bentley, P.J., Studies on the permeability of the large intestine and urinary bladder of the tortoise (Testudo graeca), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2, 323-328, 1962.
15. Bentley, P.J., Endocrines and Osmoregulation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1971, pp. 1-300.
16. Bentley, P.J., Osmoregulation. In Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 5. Physiology A, Gans, C. and Dawson, W.R., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1976, pp. 365-412.
17. Bentley, P.J., Endocrines and Osmoregulation, Springer, Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 1-292.
18. Bentley, P.J. and Bradshaw, S.D., Electrical potential difference across the cloaca and colon of the Australian lizards Amphibolurus ornatus and A. inermis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 42, 465-471, 1972.
19. Bentley, P.J. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Permeability to water and sodium of the crocodilian, Caiman sclerops, J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 66, 303-310, 1965.
20. Bentley, P.J. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Cutaneous water loss in reptiles, Science, 151, 1547-1549, 1966.
21. Benyajati, S. and Dantzler, W.H., Enzymatic and transport characteristics of isolated snake renal brushborder membranes, Am. J. Physiol., 255, R52-R60, 1988.
22. Benyajati, S., Yokota, S.D., and Dantzler, W.H., Regulation of glomerular filtration by plasma K in reptiles. In Proc. of the IUPS XXIXth Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., Sydney, Australia, 1983.
23. Bernard, C., Leçons sur les Phénomènes de la Vie communs aux Animaux et aux Végétaux, J.-B. Baillière et Fils, Paris, 1878.
24. Beuchat, C.A., Vleck, D., and Braun, E.J., Role of the urinary bladder in osmotic regulation of neonatal lizards, Physiol. Zool., 59, 539-551, 1986.
25. Bewley, M.S., Pena, J.T., Plesch, F.N., Decker, S.E., Weber, G.J., and Forrest, J.N., Shark rectal gland vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor: cloning, functional expression, and regulation of CFTR chloride channels, Am. J. Physiol., 291, R1157-R1164, 2006.
26. Beyenbach, K.W., Direct demonstration of fluid secretion by glomerular renal tubules in a marine teleost, Nature, 299, 54-56, 1982.
27. Beyenbach, K.W., Water-permeable and-impermeable barriers of snake distal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 246, F290-F299, 1984.
28. Beyenbach, K.W., Secretory NaCl and volume flow in renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 250, R753-R763, 1986.
29. Beyenbach, K.W. and Dantzler, W.H., Generation of transepithelial potentials by isolated perfused reptilian distal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 234, F238-F246, 1978.
30. Beyenbach, K.W., Koeppen, B.M., Dantzler, W.H., and Helman, S.I., Luminal Na concentration and the electrical properties of the snake distal tubule, Am. J. Physiol., 239, F412-F419, 1980.
31. Bindslev, N. and Skadhauge, E., Sodium chloride absorption and solute-linked water flow across the epithelium of the coprodeum and large intestine in the normal and dehydrated fowl (Gallus domesticus): in vivo perfusion studies, J. Physiol., 216, 753-768, 1971.
32. Bolanos, A., Diaz, M., Gomez, T., and Lorenzo, A., Electrolyte transport in lizard intestine: cellular mechanisms and regulatory aspects, Trends Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1, 229-243, 1993.
33. Bordley, J. and Richards, A.N., Quantitative studies of the composition of glomerular urine. VIII. The concentration of uric acid in glomerular urine of snakes and frogs, determined by an ultramicroadaptation of Folin’s method, J. Biol. Chem., 101, 193-221, 1933.
34. Bowman, W., On the structure and use of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney, with observations on the circulation through that gland, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 132, 57-80, 1842.
35. Bradshaw, F.J. and Bradshaw, S.D., Arginine vasotocin: locus of action along the nephron of the ornate dragon lizard, Ctenophorus ornatus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 103, 281-289, 1996.
36. Bradshaw, S.D., The endocrine control of water and electrolyte metabolism in desert reptiles, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., Suppl 3, 360-373, 1972.
37. Bradshaw, S.D., Osmoregulation and pituitary-adrenal function in desert reptiles, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 25, 230-248, 1975.
38. Bradshaw, S.D., Effect of hypothalamic lesions on kidney and adrenal function of the lizard Amphibolurus ornatus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 29, 285, 1976.
39. Bradshaw, S.D., Aspects of hormonal control of osmoregulation in desert reptiles. In Comparative Endocrinology, Gaillard, P.J. and Boer, H.H., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978, pp. 213-216.
40. Bradshaw, S.D., Volume regulation in desert reptiles and its control by pituitary and adrenal hormones. In Osmotic and Volume Regulation, Jorgensen, C.B. and Skadhauge, E., Eds., Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1978, pp. 38-39.
41. Bradshaw, S.D., Hydro-mineral balance in reptiles and its hormonal control. In Current Trends in Comparative Physiology, Vol. 2, Lofts, B. and Holmes, W.N., Eds., Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 1985, pp. 939-943.
42. Bradshaw, S.D., Ecophysiology of Desert Reptiles, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1986, pp. 1-324.
43. Bradshaw, S.D., Hormonal mechanisms and survival in desert reptiles. In Endocrine Regulations as Adaptive Mechanisms to the Environment, Assenmacher, I. and Boissin, J., Eds., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux, 1986, pp. 415-440.
44. Bradshaw, S.D., Homeostasis in Desert Reptiles, Springer, Heidelberg, 1997, pp. 1-213.
45. Bradshaw, S.D. and Bradshaw, F.J., Arginine vasotocin: site and mode of action in the reptilian kidney, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 126, 7-13, 2002.
46. Bradshaw, S.D. and Grenot, C.J., Plasma aldosterone levels in two reptilian species, Uromastix acanthinurus and Tiliqua rugosa, and the effect of several experimental treatments, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 111, 71-76, 1976.
47. Bradshaw, S.D., Lemire, M., Vernet, R., and Grenot, C.J., Aldosterone and the control of secretion by the nasal salt gland of the North African desert lizard, Uromastix acanthinurus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 54, 314-323, 1984.
48. Bradshaw, S.D. and Rice, G.E., The effects of pituitary and adrenal hormones on renal and postrenal reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the lizard Varanus gouldii (Gray), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 44, 82-93, 1981.
49. Bradshaw, S.D., Shoemaker, V.H., and Nagy, K.A., The role of adrenal corticosteroids in the regulation of kidney function in the desert lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 43, 621-635, 1972.
50. Bradshaw, S.D., Tom, J.A., and Bunn, S.E., Corticosteroids and control of nasal salt gland function in the lizard Tiliqua rugosa, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 54, 308-313, 1984.
51. Braun, E.J. and Dantzler, W.H., Mechanisms of hormone actions on renal function. In Vertebrate Endocrinology: Fundamentals and Biomedical Implications, Vol., 2, Pang, P.K.T. and Schreibman, M.P., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1987, pp. 189-210.
52. Braysher, M., The structure and function of the nasal salt gland from the Australian sleepy lizard Trachysaurus (formerly Tiliqua) rugosus: family Scindidae, Physiol. Zool., 44, 129-136, 1971.
53. Braysher, M. and Green, B., Absorption of water and electrolytes from the cloaca of an Australian lizard, Varanus gouldii (Gray), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 35, 607-614, 1970.
54. Braysher, M.I., The excretion of hyperosmotic urine and other aspects of the electrolyte balance in the lizard Amphibolurus maculosus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 54, 341-345, 1976.
55. Brenner, B.M., Troy, J.L., and Daugharty, T.M., The dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat, J. Clin. Invest., 50, 1776-1780, 1971.
56. Brewer, K.J. and Ensor, D.M., Hormonal control of osmoregulation in the Chelonia. I. The effects of prolactin and interrenal steroids in freshwater chelonians, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 42, 304-309, 1980.
57. Brewer, K.J. and Ensor, D.M., Hormonal control of osmoregulation in the Chelonia. II. The effects of prolactin and corticosterone on Testudo graeca, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 42, 310-314, 1980.
58. Brodsky, W.A. and Schilb, T.P., Electrical and osmotic characteristics of the isolated turtle bladder, J. Clin. Invest., 39, 974-975, 1960.
59. Brodsky, W.A. and Schilb, T.P., Osmotic properties of isolated turtle bladder, Am. J. Physiol., 208, 46-57, 1965.
60. Butler, D.G., Antidiuretic effect of arginine vasotocin in the Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 18, 121-125, 1972.
61. Butler, D.G. and Knox, W.H., Adrenalectomy of the painted turtle (Chrysemis picta belli): effect on ionoregulation and tissue glycogen, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 14, 551-566, 1970.
62. Butler, D.G. and Snitman, F.S., Renal responses to mesotocin in western painted turtles compared with the antidiuretic response to arginine vasotocin, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 144, 101-109, 2005.
63. Callard, I.P. and Callard, G.V., The adrenal gland in Reptilia. Part 2. Physiology. In General, Comparative and Clinical Endocrinology of the Adrenal Cortex, Chester Jones, I. and Henderson, I.W., Eds., Academic Press, London, 1978, pp. 370-418.
64. Cannon, W.B., Homeostasis, Physiol. Rev., 9, 399-431, 1929.
65. Chan, D.K.O., Callard, I.P., and Chester Jones, I., Observations on the water and electrolyte composition of the iguanid lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Baird and Girard), with special reference to the control by the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 15, 374-387, 1970.
66. Chatsudthipong, V. and Dantzler, W.H., PAH-α-KG countertransport stimulates PAH uptake and net secretion in isolated snake renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 261, F858-F867, 1991.
67. Chessman, B.C., Evaporative water loss from three South-Eastern Australian species of freshwater turtle, Aust. J. Zool., 32, 649-655, 1984.
68. Coulson, R.A. and Hernandez, T., Biochemistry of the Alligator, Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1964, pp. 3-138.
69. Coulson, R.A. and Hernandez, T., Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the living reptile. In Comparative Biochemistry of Nitrogen Metabolism. Vol. 2. The Vertebrates, Campbell, J.W., Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1970, pp. 640-710.
70. Coulson, R.A. and Hernandez, T., Alligator metabolism: studies on chemical reactions in vivo, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 74, 1-182, 1983.
71. Cowan, F.B.M., Comparative studies on the cranial glands of turtles, Am. Zool., 7, 810, 1967.
72. Cowan, F.B.M., Gross and microscopic anatomy of the orbital glands of Malaclemys and other emydine turtles, Can. J. Zool., 47, 723-729, 1969.
73. Cowan, F.B.M., The ultrastructure of the lachrymal “salt” gland and the Harderian gland in the euryhaline Malaclemys and some closely related stenohaline emydines, Can. J. Zool., 49, 691-697, 1971.
74. Dantzler, W.H., Glomerular and tubular effects of arginine vasotocin in water snakes (Natrix sipedon), Am. J. Physiol., 212, 83-91, 1967.
75. Dantzler, W.H., Effect of metabolic alkalosis and acidosis on tubular urate secretion in water snakes, Am. J. Physiol., 215, 747-751, 1968.
76. Dantzler, W.H., Kidney function in desert vertebrates. In Hormones and the Environment, Benson, G.K. and Phillips, J.G., Eds., Cambridge University Press, London, 1970, pp. 157-190.
77. Dantzler, W.H., Effects of incubations in low potassium and low sodium media on Na-K-ATPase activity in snake and chicken kidney slices, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 41, 79-88, 1972.
78. Dantzler, W.H., Characteristics of urate transport by isolated perfused snake proximal renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 224, 445-453, 1973.
79. Dantzler, W.H., PAH transport by snake proximal renal tubules: differences from urate transport, Am. J. Physiol., 226, 634-641, 1974.
80. Dantzler, W.H., Comparison of uric acid and PAH transport by isolated, perfused snake renal tubules. In Amino Acid Transport and Uric Acid Transport Symposium, Silbernagl, S., Lang, F., and Greger, R., Eds., Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 1976, pp. 169-180.
81. Dantzler, W.H., Renal function (with special emphasis on nitrogen excretion). In Biology of Reptilia, Vol. 5, Gans, C. and Dawson, W.R., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1976, pp. 447-503.
82. Dantzler, W.H., Urate excretion in nonmammalian vertebrates. In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology: Uric Acid, Vol. 51, Kelley, W.N. and Weiner, I.M., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, pp. 185-210.
83. Dantzler, W.H., Renal mechanisms for osmoregulation in reptiles and birds. In Animals and Environmental Fitness, Gilles, R., Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980, pp. 91-110.
84. Dantzler, W.H., Significance of comparative studies for renal physiology, Am. J. Physiol., 238, F437-F444, 1980.
85. Dantzler, W.H., Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Kidney, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989, pp. 1-198.
86. Dantzler, W.H., The nephron in reptiles. In Structure and Function of the Kidney: Comparative Physiology, Vol. 1, Kinne, R.K.H., Ed., Karger, Basel, 1989, pp. 143-193.
87. Dantzler, W.H. and Bentley, S.K., Fluid absorption with and without sodium in isolated perfused snake proximal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 234, F68-F79, 1978.
88. Dantzler, W.H. and Bentley, S.K., Lack of effect of potassium on fluid absorption in isolated, perfused snake proximal renal tubules, Renal Physiol., 1, 268-274, 1978.
89. Dantzler, W.H. and Bentley, S.K., Effects of inhibitors in lumen on PAH and urate transport by isolated renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 236, F379-F386, 1979.
90. Dantzler, W.H. and Bentley, S.K., Effects of chloride substitutes on PAH transport by isolated perfused renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 241, F632-F644, 1981.
91. Dantzler, W.H. and Braun, E.J., Comparative nephron function in reptiles, birds, and mammals, Am. J. Physiol., 239, R197-R213, 1980.
92. +-free fluid absorption in isolated perfused snake tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 251, F150-F155, 1986.
93. Dantzler, W.H. and Holmes, W.N., Water and mineral metabolism in reptiles. In Chemical Zoology, Florkin, M. and Scheer, B.T., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1974, pp. 277-336.
94. Dantzler, W.H. and Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Excretion in freshwater turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), Am. J. Physiol., 210, 198-210, 1966.
95. Dantzler, W.H., Wright, S.H., and Brokl, O.H., Tetraethylammonium transport by snake renal brushborder membrane vesicles, Pflügers Arch., 418, 325-332, 1991.
96. Darwin, C., Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geography of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S., Beagle Around the World, Routledge, London, 1839 (reprinted 1905), pp. 1-384.
97. Davis, L.E. and Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Ultrastructure of the crocodile kidney (Crocodylus porosus) with special reference to electrolyte and fluid transport, J. Morphol., 121, 255-276, 1967.
98. Davis, L.E., Schmidt-Nielsen, B., and Stolte, H., Anatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory system of the lizard, Sceloporus cyanogenys, J. Morphol., 149, 279-326, 1976.
99. De Falco, M., Sciarrillo, R., Capaldo, A., Laforgia, V., Varano, L., Cottone, G., and De Luca, A., Shift from noradrenaline to adrenaline production in the adrenal gland of the lizard, Podarcis sicula, after stimulation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 131, 325-337, 2003.
100. De Rouffignac, C., Deiss, S., and Bonvalet, J.P., Détermination du taux individuel de filtration glomérulaire des néphrons accessibles et inaccessibles á la microponction, Pflügers Arch., 315, 273-290, 1970.
101. Debold, A.J., Borenstein, H.B., Veress, A.T., and Sonnenberg, H., A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats, Life Sci., 28, 89-94, 1981.
102. Deen, W.M., Troy, J.L., Robertson, C.R., and Brenner, B.M., Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. IV. Determination of the ultrafiltration coefficient, J. Clin. Invest., 52, 1500-1508, 1973.
103. Diamond, J.M., Water-solute coupling and ion selectivity in epithelia, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 262, 141-151, 1971.
104. Diamond, J.M. and Tormey, J.M., Role of long extracellular channels in fluid transport across epithelia, Nature, 210, 817-820, 1966.
105. Diaz, M. and Lorenzo, A., Modulation of active potassium transport by aldosterone, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 95, 79-85, 1989.
106. Diaz, M. and Lorenzo, A., Coexistence of absorptive and secretory NaCl processes in isolated lizard colon: effects of cyclic AMP, Zool. Sci., 8, 477-484, 1991.
107. +absorption in the lizard (Gallotia galloti) colon by aldosterone, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 100, 63-68, 1991.
108. Diaz, M. and Lorenzo, A., Aldosterone regulation of active sodium chloride transport in the lizard colon (Gallotia galloti)., J. Comp. Physiol. B, 162, 189-196, 1992.
109. Diaz, M., Lorenzo, A., Badia, P., and Gomez, T., The role of aldosterone in water and electrolyte transport across the colonic epithelium of the lizard, Gallotia galloti, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 91, 71-77, 1988.
110. Dmi’el, R., Skin resistance to evaporative water loss in viperid snakes: habitat aridity versus taxonomic status, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 121, 1-6, 1998.
111. Dmi’el, R., Perry, G., and Lazell, J., Evaporative water loss in nine insular populations of the lizard Anolis cristatellus group in the British Virgin Islands, Biotropica, 29, 111-116, 1997.
112. Duggan, R.T. and Lofts, B., Adaptation to fresh water in the sea snake hydrophis cyanocinctus: tissue electrolytes and peripheral corticosteroids, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 36, 510-520, 1978.
113. Duggan, R.T. and Lofts, B., The pituitary-adrenal axis in the sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 38, 374-383, 1979.
114. Dunson, W.A., Salt gland secretion in the pelagic sea snake Pelamis, Am. J. Physiol., 215, 1512-1517, 1968.
115. Dunson, W.A., Electrolyte excretion by the salt gland of the Galapagos marine iguana, Am. J. Physiol., 216, 995-1002, 1969.
116. Dunson, W.A., Reptilian salt glands. In Exocrine Glands, Botelho, S.V., Brooks, F.P., and Shelley, W.B., Eds., University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1969, pp. 83-103.
117. Dunson, W.A., Some aspects of electrolyte and water balance in three estuarine reptiles, the diamondback terrapin, American and “salt water” crocodiles, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 32, 161-174, 1970.
118. Dunson, W.A., Salt gland secretion in a mangrove monitor lizard, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 47, 1245-1255, 1974.
119. Dunson, W.A., Salt glands in reptiles. In Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 5. Physiology A, Gans, C. and Dawson, W.R., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1976, pp. 413-445.
120. Dunson, W.A., Role of the skin in sodium and water exchange of aquatic snakes placed in seawater, Am. J. Physiol., 235, R151-R159, 1978.
121. Dunson, W.A. and Dunson, M.K., Interspecific differences in fluid concentration and secretion rate of sea snake salt glands, Am. J. Physiol., 277, 430-438, 1974.
122. Dunson, W.A. and Dunson, M.K., A possible new salt gland in a marine homalopsid snake (Cerberus rhynchops), Copeia, 1979, 661-672, 1979.
123. Dunson, W.A., Dunson, M.K., and Keith, A.D., The nasal gland of the Montpellier snake Malpolon monspessulanus: fine structure, secretion composition, and a possible role in reduction of dermal water loss, J. Exp. Zool., 203, 461-474, 1978.
124. Dunson, W.A. and Heatwole, H., Effect of relative shell size in turtles on water and electrolyte composition, Am. J. Physiol., 250, R1133-R1137, 1986.
125. Dunson, W.A., Packer, R.K., and Dunson, M.K., Sea snakes: an unusual salt gland under the tongue, Science, 173, 437-441, 1971.
126. Dunson, W.A. and Robinson, G.D., Sea snake skin: permeable to water but not to sodium, J. Comp. Physiol., 108, 303-311, 1976.
127. Dunson, W.A. and Taub, A.M., Extrarenal salt excretion in sea snakes (Laticauda), Am. J. Physiol., 213, 975-982, 1967.
128. Dworkin, L.D., Ichikawa, I., and Brenner, B.M., Hormonal modulation of glomerular function, Am. J. Physiol., 244, F95-F104, 1983.
129. Edmonds, C.J. and Pilcher, D., Sodium transport mechanisms of the large intestine. In Transport Across the Intestine, Burland, W.L. and Samuels, P., Eds., Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1969, pp. 43-57.
130. Elizondo, R.S. and Lebrie, S.J., Adrenal-renal function in water snakes Natrix cyclopion, Am. J. Physiol., 217, 419-425, 1969.
131. Ellis, R.A. and Abel, J.H., Electron microscopy and cytochemistry of the salt gland of sea turtles, Anat. Rec., 148, 278, 1964.
132. Ellis, R.A. and Abel, J.H., Intercellular channels in the salt-secreting glands of marine turtles, Science, 144, 1340-1343, 1964.
133. Ellis, R.A. and Goertemiller, Jr., C.C., Cytological effects of salt-stress and localization of transport adenosine triphosphate in the lateral nasal glands of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Anat. Rec., 180, 285-298, 2007.
134. Ellis, R.A., Goertemiller, Jr., C.C., and Stetson, D.L., Significance of extensive “leaky” cell junctions in the avian salt gland, Nature, 268, 555-556, 1977.
135. Farber, S.J., Mucopolysaccharides and sodium metabolism, Circulation, 21, 941-953, 1960.
136. Fergusson, B. and Bradshaw, S.D., Plasma arginine vasotocin, progesterone and luteal development during pregnancy in the viviparous lizard, Tiliqua rugosa, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 82, 140-151, 1991.
137. Figler, R.A., MacKenzie, D.S., Owens, D.W., Licht, P., and Amoss, M.S., Increased levels of arginine vasotocin and neurophysin during nesting in sea turtles, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 73, 223-232, 1989.
138. Fletcher, G.L., Stainer, I.M., and Holmes, W.N., Sequential changes in the adenosine triphosphatase activity and the electrolyte excretory capacity of the nasal glands of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) during the period of adaptation to hypertonic saline, J. Exp. Biol., 47, 375-391, 1967.
139. Ford, S.S. and Bradshaw, S.D., Kidney function and the role of arginine vasotocin (AVT) in three agamid lizards from differing habitats in Western Australia, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 147, 62-69, 2006.
140. Franklin, C.E., Holmgren, S., and Taylor, G.C., A preliminary investigation of the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on secretion from the lingual salt glands of Crocodylus porosus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 102, 74-78, 1996.
141. Franklin, C.E., Taylor, G., and Cramp, R.L., Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porusus, Aust. J. Zool., 53, 345-351, 2005.
142. Gabe, M. and Saint-Girons, H., Polymorphisme des glandes nasales externes des sauriens, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 272, 1275-1278, 1971.
143. Gabe, M. and Saint-Girons, H., Contributions à la morphologie comparée des fosses nasales et de leurs annexes chez les lépidosauriens, Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Paris), A98, 1-87, 1976.
144. Galli-Gallardo, S.M., Oguro, C., and Pang, P.K.T., Renal responses of the Chilean toad, Calyptocephalella caudiverbera, and the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, to mesotocin, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 37, 134-136, 1979.
145. Gambaryan, S.P., Microdissectional investigation of the nephrons in some fishes, amphibians, and reptiles inhabiting different environments, J. Morphol., 219, 319-339, 1994.
146. Gans, C., Krakauer, T., and Paganelli, C.V., Water loss in snakes: interspecific and intraspecific variability, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 27, 747-761, 1968.
147. Gerwein, R.W. and John-Alder, H.B., Growth and behavior in thyroid-deficient lizards, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 87, 312-324, 1992.
148. Gerzeli, G., Observazioni e considerazioni morfo-funzionali comparate sulle ghiandole lacrimali dei cheloni, Arch. Zool. Ital., 11, 37-47, 1967.
149. Gilles-Baillien, M., Seasonal changes in the permeability of the isolated vesical epithelium of Testudo hermanni hermanni Gmelin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 193, 129-136, 1969.
150. Green, B., Aspects of renal function in the lizard Varanus gouldii, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 43, 747-756, 1972.
151. Grenot, C.J., Sur l’excrétion nasale de sels chez le lézard saharien Uromastix acanthinurus, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 226, 1871-1874, 1968.
152. Grismer, L.L., Three new species of intertidal side-blotched lizards (genus Uta) from the Gulf of California, Mexico, Herpetologica, 50, 451-474, 1994.
153. Grubb, B. and Bentley, P.J., Aldosterone-induced amiloride-inhibitable short-circuit current in the avian ileum, Am. J. Physiol., 253, G211-G216 1987.
154. Gudzent, F., Physikalisch-chemusche untersuchungen uber das verhakten der harnsauren salze losungen, Hoppe Seylers Zeitschrift fur Physiol. Chemie, 56, 150-179, 1908.
155. Guillette, L.J., Propper, C.R., Cree, A., and Dores, R.M., Endocrinology of oviposition in the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). II. Plaasma arginine vasotocin concentrations during natural nesting, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 100, 819-822, 1991.
156. Hadj-Bekkouche, F., Cherifa, A., Cherifa, D., and Saidi, A., Variations nycthémérales de l’aldostérone et de la corticostérone chez la tortue terrestres, Testudo mauritanica, Dumer (Chelonia, Testudinidae), unpublished manuscript, 2007 (available on request).
157. Hadley, N.F., Lipid barriers in biological systems, Prog. Lipid Res., 28, 1-33, 1989.
158. Hadley, N.F., Integumental lipids of plants and animals: comparative function and biochemistry, Adv. Lipid Res., 24, 303-320, 1991.
159. Hazard, L.C., Ion secretion by salt glands of desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis), Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 74, 22-31, 2001.
160. Hazard, L.C., Shoemaker, V.H., and Grismer, L.L., Salt gland secretion by an intertidal lizard, Uta tumidarostra, Copeia, 1998, 231-234, 1998.
161. Hill, L. and Dawbin, W.H., Nitrogen excretion in the tuatara Sphenodon punctatus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 31, 453-468, 1969.
162. Holmes, W.N. and McBean, R.L., Some aspects of electrolyte excretion in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas mydas, J. Exp. Biol., 41, 81-90, 1964.
163. Holmes, W.N. and Phillips, J.G., The avian salt gland, Biol. Rev., 60, 213-256, 1985.
164. Huber, G.C., On the morphology of the renal tubules of vertebrates, Anat. Rec., 13, 305-339, 1917.
165. Ichikawa, I. and Brenner, B.M., Evidence for glomerular actions of ADH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the rat, Am. J. Physiol., 233, F102-F117, 1977.
166. Iturriza, F.C., Venosa, R.A., Pujol, M.G., and Quintas, N.B., Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulates sodium excretion in the salt gland of the duck, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 87, 369-374, 1991.
167. Jorgensen, C.B., Role of urinary and cloacal bladders in chelonian water economy: historical and comparative perspectives, Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 73, 347-366, 1998.
168. Junqueira, L.C.U., Malnic, G., and Monge, C., Reabsorptive function of the ophidian cloaca and large intestine, Physiol. Zool., 39, 151-159, 1966.
169. Kattan, G.H. and Lillywhite, H.B., Humidity acclimation and skin permeability in the lizard Anolis carolinensis, Physiol. Zool., 62, 593-606, 1989.
170. Khalil, F. and Haggag, G., Nitrogenous excretion in crocodiles, J. Exp. Biol., 35, 552-555, 1958.
171. Kim, J.W., Im, W.-B., Choi, H.H., Ishii, S., and Kwon, H.B., Seasonal fluctuations in pituitary gland and plasma levels of gonadotropic hormones in Rana, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 109, 13-23, 1998.
172. Kim, S.Z., Kang, S.Y., Lee, S.J., and Cho, K.W., Localization of receptors for natriuretic peptide and endothelin in the duct of the epididymis of the freshwater turtle, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 118, 26-38, 2000.
173. Kim, Y.K. and Dantzler, W.H., Relation of membrane potential to basolateral TEA transport in isolated snake proximal renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 268, R1539-R1545, 1995.
174. King, P.A. and Goldstein, L., Renal excretion of nitrogenous products in vertebrates, Renal Physiol., 8, 261-278, 1985.
175. Kobayashi, D., Mautz, W.J., and Nagy, K.A., Evaporative water loss: humidity acclimation in Anolis carolinensis lizards, Copeia, 701-704, 1983.
176. Komadina, S. and Solomon, S., Comparison of renal function of bull and water snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus and Natrix sipedon), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 32, 333-343, 1970.
177. Ladyman, M., Bradshaw, S.D., and Bradshaw, F.J., Physiological and hormonal control of thermal depression in the Tiger snake, Notechis scutatus, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 176, 547-557, 2006.
178. Landmann, L., Lamellar granules in mammalian, avian and reptilian epidermis, J. Ultrastructure Res., 72, 245-263, 1980.
179. Lange, R. and Staaland, H., On the mechanism of water absorption in the rat colon, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 40, 823-831, 1971.
180. Laverty, G., Elbrond, V.S., Arnason, S.S., and Skadhauge, E., Endocrine regulation of ion transport in the avian lower intestine, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 147, 70-77, 2006.
181. Lavrova, E.A., Membrane coating granules: the fate of the discharged lamellae, J. Ultrastructure Res., 55, 79-86, 1976.
182. Lazari, M.F.M., Alponti, R.F., Freitas, T.A., Breno, M.C., da Conceicao, I.M., and Silveira, P.F., Absence of oxytocin in the central nervous system of the snake Bothrops jararaca, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 176, 821-830, 2006.
183. Lebrie, S.J., Endocrines and water and electrolyte balance in reptiles, Fed. Proc., 31, 1599-1608, 1972.
184. Lebrie, S.J. and Elizondo, R.S., Saline loading and aldosterone in water snakes Natrix cyclopion, Am. J. Physiol., 217, 426-430, 1969.
185. Lebrie, S.J. and Sutherland, I.D.W., Renal function in water snakes, Am. J. Physiol., 203, 995-1000, 1962.
186. Lefevre, M.E., Effects of aldosterone on the isolated substrate-depleted turtle bladder, Am. J. Physiol., 225, 1252-1256, 1973.
187. Lemieux, G., Berkofsky, J., Quenneville, A., and Lemieux, C., Net tubular secretion of bicarbonate by the alligator kidney: antimammalian response to acetazolamide, Kidney Int., 28, 760-766, 1985.
188. Lemieux, G., Craan, A.G., Quenneville, A., Lemieux, C., Berkofsky, J., and Lewis, V.S., Metabolic machinery of the alligator kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 247, F686-F693, 1984.
189. Lemire, M., Contribution à l’étude des structures nasales des Sauriens: structure et fonction de la glande “à sels” des lézards déserticoles, Ph.D. thesis, Université de Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 1983 (available on request).
190. Lemire, M., Grenot, C.J., and Vernet, R., Electrolyte excretion by the nasal gland of an herbivorous Saharan lizard, Uromastix acanthinurus (Agamidae): effects of single NaCl and KCl loads, J. Arid Environ., 3, 325-330, 1980.
191. Lemire, M., Grenot, C.J., and Vernet, R., Water and electrolyte balance of free-living Saharan lizards, Uromastix acanthinurus, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 146, 81-93, 1982.
192. Lillywhite, H.B., Water relations of tetrapod integument, J. Exp. Biol., 209, 202-226, 2006.
193. Lillywhite, H.B. and Maderson, P.F.A., The structure and permeability of the integument, Am. Zool., 28, 945-962, 1988.
194. Lorenzo, A., Medina, V., Badia, P., and Gomez, T., Effects of vasopressin on electrolyte transport in the lizard intestine, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 159, 745-751, 1990.
195. Lowy, R.J., Rowland, R.M., and Ernst, S.A., Control of ion transport in avian salt gland primary cultures: role of novel secretagogues and second messengers, J. Cell Biol., 101, 478, 1985.
196. Lowy, R.J., Schreiber, J.H., and Ernst, S.A., Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates ion transport in avian salt gland, Am. J. Physiol., 253, R801-R808, 1987.
197. Macchi, I.A. and Phillips, J.G., In vitro effect of adrenocorticotropin or cortical secretion in the turtle, snake, and bullfrog, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 6, 170-182, 1966.
198. Machen, T.E. and Diamond, J.M., An estimate of the salt concentration in the lateral intercellular spaces of rabbit gall-bladder during maximal fluid transport, J. Membr. Biol., 1, 194-213, 1969.
199. Mainoya, J.R., Bern, H.A., and Regan, J.W., Influence of ovine prolactin on transport of fluid and sodium chloride by the mammalian intestine and gall bladder, J. Endocrinol., 63, 311-317, 1974.
200. Marshall, A.T., Intracellular and luminal ion concentrations in sea turtle salt glands by x-ray microanalysis, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 159, 609-616, 1989.
201. Marshall, A.T., Hyatt, A.D., Phillips, J.G., and Condron, R.J., Isosmotic secretion in the avian nasal salt gland: x-ray microanalysis of luminal and intracelllular ions distributions, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 156, 213-227, 1985.
202. Marshall, A.T. and Saddler, S.R., The duct system of the lachrymal salt gland of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, Cell Tiss. Res., 257, 399-404, 1989.
203. Mautz, W.J., Correlation of both respiratory and cutaneous water loss in lizards with habitat aridity, J. Comp. Physiol., 149, 25-30, 1982.
204. Mautz, W.J., Patterns of evaporative water loss. In Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 12, Gans, C. and Pough, F.H., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 443-481.
205. McVicar, A.J. and Rankin, J.C., Dynamics of glomerular filtration in the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L., Am. J. Physiol., 249, F132-F139, 1985.
206. Medica, P.A., Bury, R.B., and Luckenbach, R., Drinking and construction of water catchments by the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, Herpetologica, 36, 301-304, 1980.
207. Minnich, J.E., Water and electrolyte balance of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, in its natural habitat, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 35, 921-933, 1970.
208. Minnich, J.E., Excretion of urate salts by reptiles, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 41, 535-549, 1972.
209. Minnich, J.E., Adaptations in the reptilian excretory system for excreting insoluble urates, Isr. J. Med. Sci., 12, 854-861, 1976.
210. Minnich, J.E., Water procurement and conservation by desert reptiles in their natural environment, Isr. J. Med. Sci., 12, 740-758, 1976.
211. Minnich, J.E., Adaptive responses in the water and electrolyte budgets of native and captive desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, to chronic draught, Desert Tortoise Council Symp. Proc., 102-129, 1977.
212. Minnich, J.E., Reptiles. In Comparative Physiology of Osmoregulation in Animals, Maloiy, G.M.O., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1979, pp. 393-641.
213. Minnich, J.E., The use of water. In Biology of the Reptilia, Gans, C. and Pough, F.H., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 325-395.
214. Minnich, J.E. and Piehl, P.A., Spherical precipitates in the urine of reptiles, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 41, 551-554, 1972.
215. Minnich, J.E. and Ziegler, M.R., Comparison of field water budgets in the tortoises Gopherus agassizi and Gopherus polyphemus, Am. Zool., 16, 219 1976.
216. Molnar, R.E., Fossil reptiles in Australia. In Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australia, Vickers-Rich, P. et al., Eds., Pioneer Design Studio/Monash University Publications Committee, Melbourne, Australia, 1991, pp. 605-701.
217. Morel, F., Regulation of kidney functions by hormones: a new approach, Recent Prog. Hormone Res., 39, 271-304, 1983.
218. Moyle, V., Nirogenous excretion in chelonian reptiles, Biochem. J., 44, 581-584, 1949.
219. Mukherjee, S.K. and Dantzler, W.H., Effects of SITS on urate transport by isolated, perfused snake renal tubules, Pflügers Arch., 403, 35-40, 1985.
220. Munsick, R.A., Chromatographic and pharmacologic characterization of the neurohypophysial hormones of an amphibian and a reptile, Endocrinology, 78, 591-599, 1966.
221. Murrish, D.E. and Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Water transport in the cloaca of lizards: active or passive, Science, 170, 324-326, 1970.
222. Nagy, K.A., Water and electrolyte budgets of a free-living desert lizard, Sauromalus obesus, J. Comp. Physiol., 79, 39-62, 1972.
223. Nagy, K.A., Seasonal patterns of water and energy balance in desert vertebrates, J. Arid Environ., 14, 201-210, 1988.
224. Nagy, K.A. and Bradshaw, S.D., Energetics, osmoregulation and food consumption by free-living desert lizards, Ctenophorus (=Amphibolurus) nuchalis, Amphibia-Reptilia, 16, 25-35, 1995.
225. Nagy, K.A. and Medica, P.A., Physiological ecology of desert tortoises in southern Nevada, Herpetologica, 42, 73-92, 2007.
226. Navar, L.G., Inscho, E.W., Majid, D.S.A., Imig, J.D., Harrison-Bernard, L.M., and Mitchell, K.D., Paracrine regulation of the renal microcirculation, Physiol. Rev., 76, 425-536, 1996.
227. Nishimura, H., Comparative endocrinology of renin and angiotensin. In The Renin-Angiotensin System, Johnson, R.A. and Anderson, R.R., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1980, pp. 29-77.
228. Nishimura, H., Endocrine control of renal handling of solutes and water in vertebrates, Renal Physiol., 8, 279-300, 1985.
229. O’Shea, J.E., Bradshaw, S.D., and Stewart, T., Renal vasculature and excretory system of the agamid lizard, Ctenophorus ornatus, J. Morphol., 217, 287-299, 1993.
230. Pang, P.K.T. and Sawyer, W.H., Renal and vascular responses of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) to mesotocin, Am. J. Physiol., 235, F151-F155, 1978.
231. Parvez, S., Ventura, M.A., and Parvez, H., Aldosterone antagonism. In Antihormones, Agarwal, M.K., Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979, pp. 111-135.
232. Patterson, R., Growth and shell relationships in the desert tortoise. In Symposium of Desert Tortoise Council, Las Vegas, NV, Trotter, M., Ed., Desert Tortoise Council, San Diego, CA, 1977, pp. 158-166.
233. Peaker, M., Avian salt glands, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 262, 289-300, 1971.
234. Peaker, M., Excretion of potassium from the orbital region in Testudo caronaria: a salt gland in a terrestrial tortoise?, J. Zool. Lond., 184, 421-422, 1978.
235. Peaker, M. and Linzell, J.L., Salt Glands in Birds and Reptiles, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1975, pp. 1-307.
236. Peek, W.D. and McMillan, D.B., Ultrastructure of the renal corpuscle of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, Am. J. Anat., 155, 83-102, 1979.
237. Peek, W.D. and McMillan, D.B., Ultrastructure of the tubular nephron of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, Am. J. Anat., 154, 103-128, 1979.
238. Perrault, C., Description anatomique d’une grande Tortue des Indes, Mém. Acad. R. Sci. Paris, 3, 395-422, 1676.
239. Perschmann, C. Über die Bedeutum der Nierenpfortader insbesondere für die Ausschiedung von Harnstoff und Harnsäure bei Testudo hermanni Gml. und Lacerta viridis Laur. sowie über die Funktion der Harnblase bei Lacerta viridis Laur, Zool. Beitr., 2, 447-480, 1956.
240. Persson, B.-E., Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in Amphiuma means, Pflügers Arch., 391, 135-140, 1981.
241. Peterson, C.C., Physiological Ecology of Two Mojave Desert Populations of the Desert Tortoise Xerobates agassizii: Effects of Seasonal Rainfall Pattern and Drought, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1993 (available on request).
242. Peterson, C.C., Anhomeostasis: water and solute relations in two populations of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) during chronic drought, Physiol. Zool., 69, 1324-1358, 1995.
243. Porter, P., Physico-chemical factors involved in urate calculus formation. I. Solubility, Res. Vet. Sci., 4, 580-591, 1963.
244. Prange, H.D. and Greenwald, L., Concentrations of urine and salt gland secretions in dehydrated and normally hydrated sea turtles, Fed. Proc., 38, 970, 1979.
245. Rage, J.-C., Phylogénie et systématique des lépidosauriens. Où en sommes-nous?, Bull. Soc. Herpétol. France, 62, 19-36, 1992.
246. +on urate transport by isolated perfused snake renal tubules, Am. J. Physiol., 255, 1206-1214, 1973.
247. Regaud, C. and Policard, A., Sur l’existence de diverticules du tube urinpare sans relations avec les corpuscles de Malpighi, chez les serpents, et sur l’indépendence relative des fonctions glomérulaires et glandulaires dur rein en general, C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 55, 1028-1029, 1903.
248. Reinhart, G.A. and Zehr, J.E., Atrial natriuretic factor in the freshwater turtle Pseudemys scripta: a partial characterization, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 96, 259-269, 1994.
249. Renkin, E.M. and Gilmore, J.P., Glomerular filtration. In Handbook of Physiology. Vol. 8. Renal Physiology, Orloff, J. and Berliner, R.W., Eds., American Physiological Society, Washington, D.C., 1973, pp. 185-248.
250. Rice, G.E., Plasma arginine vascotocin concentrations in the lizard Varanus gouldii (Gray) following water loading, salt loading, and dehydration, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 47, 1-6, 1982.
251. Rice, G.E., Bradshaw, S.D., and Prendergast, F.J., The effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on renal function in the lizard Varanus gouldii (Gray), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 47, 182-189, 1982.
252. Roberts, J.B. and Lillywhite, H.B., Lipids and the permeability of epidermis from snakes, J. Exp. Zool., 228, 1-9, 1983.
253. Roberts, J.B. and Lillywhite, H.B., Lipid barrier to water exchange in reptile epidermis, Science, 207, 1077-1079, 2007.
254. Roberts, J.S. and Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Renal ultrastructure and excretion of salt and water by three terrestrial lizards, Am. J. Physiol., 211, 476-486, 1966.
255. Robinson, G.D. and Dunson, W.A., Water and sodium balance in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys), J. Comp. Physiol., 105, 129-152, 1976.
256. Rosenbloom, A.A. and Fisher, D., Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasotocin, Endocrinology, 95, 1726-1732, 1982.
257. Saint-Girons, H. and Bradshaw, S.D., Données histophysiologiques sur l’hypophyse de Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia, Scincidae) et notamment la signification fonctionale des cellules gamma, Arch. Anat. Micro. Morphol. Exp., 70, 129-140, 1981.
258. Saint-Girons, H. and Bradshaw, S.D., Aspects of variation in histology and cytology of the external nasal glands of Australian lizards, J. R. Soc. West. Austr., 69, 117-121, 1987.
259. Saint-Girons, H., Lemire, M., and Bradshaw, S.D., Structure de la glande nasale externe de Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia, Scincidae) et rapports avec sa fonction, Zoomorphology, 88, 277-288, 1977.
260. Saint-Girons, H., Rice, G.E., and Bradshaw, S.D., Histologie comparée et ultrastructure de la glande nasale externe de quelques Varanidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia), Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, 3(13), 15-31, 1981.
261. Sandor, T., Corticosteroids in Amphibia, Reptilia and Aves. In Steroids in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates, Idler, D.R., Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1972, pp. 253-327.
262. Sandor, T. and Mehdi, A.Z., Corticosteroids and their role in the extrarenal electrolyte secreting organs of nonmammalian vertebrates. In Steroids and Their Mechanism of Action in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates, Delrio, G. and Brachet, J., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1980, pp. 33-49.
263. Sawyer, W.H. and Pang, P.K.T., Responses by vertebrates to neurohypophysial principles. In Hormones and Evolution, Barrington, E.J., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1979, pp. 493-523.
264. Sawyer, W.H. and Sawyer, M.K., Adaptive responses to neurohypophysial functions in vertebrates, Physiol. Zool., 25, 84-98, 1952.
265. Schilb, T.P., Effect of a cholinergic agent on sodium across isolated turtle bladders, Am. J. Physiol., 216, 514-520, 1969.
266. Schmidt-Nielsen, B. and Davis, L.E., Fluid transport and tubular intercellular spaces in reptilian kidneys, Science, 159, 1105-1108, 1968.
267. Schmidt-Nielsen, B. and Schmidt, D., Renal function of Sphenodon punctatum, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 44, 121-129, 1973.
268. Schmidt-Nielsen, B. and Skadhauge, E., Function of the excretory system of the crocodile (Crocodylus acutus), Am. J. Physiol., 212, 973-980, 1967.
269. Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Borut, A., Lee, P., and Crawford, Jr., E.C., Nasal salt excretion and the possible function of the cloaca in water conservation, Science, 142, 1300-1301, 1963.
270. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and Fänge, R., Salt glands in marine reptiles, Nature, 182, 783-784, 1958.
271. Schnermann, J., The juxtaglomerular apparatus: from anatomical peculiarity to physiological relevance, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 14, 1681-1694, 2003.
272. Schultz, S.G., The role of paracellular pathways in isotonic fluid transport, Yale J. Biol. Med., 50, 99-113, 1977.
273. Seshadri, C., Urinary excretion in the Indian house lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Rüppel), J. Zool. Soc. India, 8, 63-78, 1956.
274. Seshadri, C., Water conservation in Uromastix hardwickii (Gray) with a note on the presence of Müllerian ducts in the male, J. Zool. Soc. India, 9, 103-113, 1957.
275. Shoemaker, V.H. and Nagy, K.A., Osmoregulation in the Galapagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, Physiol. Zool., 57, 291-300, 1984.
276. Shoemaker, V.H., Nagy, K.A., and Bradshaw, S.D., Studies on the control of electrolyte excretion by the nasal gland of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 42, 749-757, 1972.
277. Shuttleworth, T.J. and Hildebrandt, J.-P., Vertebrate salt glands: short-and long-term regulation of function, J. Exp. Zool., 283, 689-701, 1999.
278. Shuttleworth, T.J. and Thompson, J.L., Secretory activity in the salt gland of birds and turtles: stimulation via cyclic AMP, Am. J. Physiol., 21, R428-R432, 1987.
279. Shuttleworth, T.J., Thompson, J.L., and Dantzler, W.H., Potassium secretion by nasal salt glands of desert lizard Sauromalus obesus, Am. J. Physiol., 253, R83-R90, 1987.
280. Shuttleworth, T.J. and Thorndyke, M.C., An endogenous peptide stimulates secretory activity in the elasmobranch rectal gland, Science, 225, 319-321, 1984.
281. Silveira, P.F., Koike, T.I., Schiripa, L.N., Reichl, A.P., and Magnoli, F.C., Plasma arginine-vasotocin and hydroosmotic status of the terrestrial pit viper Bothrops jararaca, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 109, 336-346, 1998.
282. Silveira, P.F., Schiripa, L.N., Carmona, E., and Picarelli, Z.P., Circulating vasotocin in the snake Bothrops jararaca, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 103, 59-64, 1992.
283. Skadhauge, E., Hydromineral regulation in lower vertebrates. In Comparative Endocrinology, Gaillard, P.J. and Boer, H.H., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978, pp. 197-207.
284. Skadhauge, E., Osmoregulation in Birds, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981, pp. 1-203.
285. Skadhauge, E., In vivo perfusion studies of the cloacal water and electrolyte resorption in the fowl (Gallus domesticus), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 23, 483-501, 1967.
286. Skadhauge, E., The mechanism of salt and water absorption in the intestine of the eel (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to waters of various salinities, J. Physiol., 204, 135-158, 1969.
287. Skadhauge, E., Excretion in lower vertebrates: function of gut, cloaca, and bladder in modifying the composition of urine, Fed. Proc., 36, 2487-2492, 1977.
288. Skadhauge, E. and Duvdevani, I., Cloacal absorption of NaCl and water in the lizard Agama stellio, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 56, 275-280, 1977.
289. Sokabe, H. and Ogawa, M., Comparative studies of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Int. Rev. Cytol., 37, 271-327, 1974.
290. Sougrat, R., Morand, M., Gondran, C., Barré, P., Gobin, R., Bonté, F., Dumas, M., and Verbavatz, J.-M., Functional expression of AQP3 in human skin epidermis and reconstructed epidermis, J. Invest. Dermatol., 118, 678-685, 2002.
291. Stegbauer, S.A., The Effects of Hydration State and Hormones on the Ultrastructure of the Cloaca of Arid-Adapted Lizards, M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1979 (available on request).
292. Steinmetz, P.R., Characteristics of hydrogen ion transport in urinary bladder of water turtle, J. Clin. Invest., 46, 1531-1540, 1967.
293. Stokes, G.D. and Dunson, W.A., Permeability and channel structure of reptilian skin, Am. J. Physiol., 242, F681-F689, 1982.
294. Stolte, H., Schmidt-Nielsen, B., and Davis, L., Single nephron function in the kidney of the lizard, Sceloporus cyanogenys, Zool. Jb. Physiol. Bd., 81, 219-244, 1977.
295. Taplin, L.E., Osmoregulation in crocodiles, Biol. Rev., 63, 333-377, 1988.
296. Taplin, L.E. and Grigg, G.C., Salt glands in the tongue of the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus, Science, 212, 1045-1047, 1981.
297. Taylor, G.C., Franklin, C.E., and Grigg, G.C., Salt loading stimulates secretion by the lingual salt glands in Crocodylus porosus, J. Exp. Zool., 272, 490-495, 1995.
298. Templeton, J.R., Nasal salt excretion in terrestrial lizards, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 11, 223-229, 1964.
299. Templeton, J.R., Salt and water balance in desert lizards, Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond., 31, 61-77, 1972.
300. Templeton, J.R., Murrish, D.E., Randall, E.M., and Mugaas, J.N., Salt and water balance in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. I. The effect of dehydration, rehydration, and full hydration, Z. Vergl. Physiol., 76, 245-254, 1972.
301. Templeton, J.R., Murrish, D.E., Randall, E.M., and Mugaas, J.N., Salt and water balance in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. II. The effect of aldosterone and adrenalectomy, Z. Vergl. Physiol., 76, 255-269, 1972.
302. Templeton, J.R., Murrish, D.E., Randall, E.R., and Mugaas, J.N., The effect of aldosterone and adrenalectomy on nasal salt excretion by desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Am. Zool., 8, 818-819, 1968.
303. Thomas, D.H. and Skadhauge, E., Water and electrolyte transport by avian ceca, J. Exp. Zool., Suppl. 3, 95-102, 1989.
304. Thomas, D.H. and Skadhauge, E., Chronic aldosterone therapy and the control of transepithelial transport of ions and water by the colon and coprodeum of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in vivo, J. Endocrinol., 83, 239-250, 1979.
305. Thomas, D.H., Skadhauge, E., and Read, M.W., Acute effects of aldosterone on water and electrolyte transport in the colon and coprodeum of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in vivo, J. Endocrinol., 83, 229-237, 1979.
306. Toop, T. and Donald, J.A., Comparative aspects of natriuretic peptide physiology in non-mammalian vertebrates: a review, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 174, 189-204, 2004.
307. Tu, M.C., Lillywhite, H.B., Menon, J.G., and Menon, G.K., Postnatal ecdysis establishes the permeability barrier in snake skin: new insights into barrier lipid structures, J. Exp. Biol., 205, 3019-3030, 2002.
308. Turner, F.B., Hayden, P., Burge, B.L., and Roberson, J.B., Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California, Herpetologica, 42, 93-104, 1986.
309. Uva, B., Vallarino, M., Mandich, A., and Isola, G., Plasma aldosterone levels in the female tortoise Testudo hermanni, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 46, 116-123, 1982.
310. van Lannep, E.W. and Komnick, H., Fine structure of the nasal gland in the desert lizard Uromastix acanthinurus, Cytobiology, 2, 47-67, 1970.
311. van Lannep, E.W. and Young, J.A., Salt glands. In Transport Organs, Giebisch, G., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979, pp. 675-692.
312. Vinson, G.P., Whitehouse, B.J., Goddard, C., and Sibley, C.P., Comparative and evolutionary aspects of aldosterone secretion and zona glomerulosa function, J. Endocrinol., 81, 5P-24P, 1979.
313. Wallace, D.P., Rome, L.A., Sullivan, L.P., and Grantham, J.J., cAMP-dependent fluid secretion in rat inner medullary collecting ducts, Am. J. Physiol., 280, F1019-F1029, 2001.
314. Walsh, P.J. and Wright, P., Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 1-337.
315. Weinstein, S.W., Proximal tubular energy metabolism, sodium transport, and permeability in the rat, Am. J. Physiol., 219, 978-981, 1970.
316. Wertz, P.W., Lipids of keratinizing tissues. In Biology of the Integument, Vol. 2, Bereiter-Hahn, J., Matoltsy, A.G., and Richards, N.W., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986, pp. 815-823.
317. Wideman, Jr., R.F., Nishimura, H., Bottje, W.G., and Glahn, R.P., Reduced renal arterial perfusion pressure stimulates renin release from domestic fowl kidneys, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 89, 405-414, 1993.
318. Will, P.C., Cortright, R.N., Groseclose, R.G., and Hopfer, U., Amiloride-sensitive salt and fluid absorption in small intestine of salt-depleted rats, Am. J. Physiol., 248, G124-G132, 1985.
319. Yokota, S.D., Ophidian kidney preparation for the measurement of glomerular dynamics in real time, Pflügers Arch., 415, 501-503, 1990.
320. Yokota, S.D., Benyajati, S., and Dantzler, W.H., Comparative aspects of glomerular filtration in vertebrates, Renal Physiol., 8, 193-221, 1985.
321. Yokota, S.D., Benyajati, S., and Dantzler, W.H., Renal function in sea snakes. I. Glomerular filtration rate and water handling, Am. J. Physiol., 249, R228-R236, 1985.
322. Yokota, S.D. and Dantzler, W.H., Measurements of blood flow to individual glomeruli in the ophidian kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 258, R1313-R1319, 1990.