Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes Care

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2018, Pages 2330-2338

  Douros, Antonios ^a,b,c   Filion, Kristian B ^a,b   Yin, Hui ^a   Yu, Oriana Hoi ^a,d   Etminan, Mahyar ^e   Udell, Jacob A ^f   Azoulay, Laurent ^a,b,g  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^g MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; INSULIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LOW RISK PATIENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION RESEARCH; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED KINGDOM; AGONISTS; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COMPLICATION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85055168169     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc17-2280     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2012;55:1577–1596
2. Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al.; ELIXA Investigators. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2247–2257
3. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.; LEADER Steering Committee; LEADER Trial Investigators. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:311–322
4. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.; SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1834–1844
5. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, et al.; EXSCEL Study Group. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1228–1239
6. Brooks AM, Lissett CA. A dramatic deterioration in diabetic retinopathy with improvement in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) on exenatide treatment. Diabet Med 2009;26:190
7. Varadhan L, Humphreys T, Hariman C, Walker AB, Varughese GI. GLP-1 agonist treatment: implications for diabetic retinopathy screening. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;94:e68–e71
8. Varadhan L, Humphreys T, Walker AB, Varughese GI. The impact of improved glycaemic control with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy on diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;103:e37–e39
9. Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al.; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977–986
10. Gorman DM, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. The effect of bariatric surgery on diabetic retinopathy: good, bad, or both? Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:354–364
11. Hernández C, Bogdanov P, Corraliza L, et al. Topical administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists prevents retinal neurodegeneration in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 2016;65:172–187
12. Walley T, Mantgani A. The UK general practice research database. Lancet 1997;350:1097–1099
13. Herrett E, Thomas SL, Schoonen WM, Smeeth L, Hall AJ. Validation and validity of diagnoses in the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;69:4–14
14. Faillie JL, Yu OH, Yin H, Hillaire-Buys D, Barkun A, Azoulay L. Association of bile duct and gallbladder diseases with the use of incretin-based drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:1474–1481
15. Goldberg DE, Smithen LM, Angelilli A, Freeman WR. HIV-associated retinopathy in the HAART era. Retina 2005;25:633–649; quiz 682–633
16. Makri OE, Georgalas I, Georgakopoulos CD. Drug-induced macular edema. Drugs 2013;73: 789–802
17. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. English indices of deprivation [Internet]. Available from https://www.gov .uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015. Accessed 31 October 2017
18. Durrleman S, Simon R. Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med 1989; 8:551–561
19. Kumamaru H, Gagne JJ, Glynn RJ, Setoguchi S, Schneeweiss S. Comparison of high-dimensional confounder summary scores in comparative studies of newly marketed medications. J Clin Epidemiol 2016;76:200–208
20. Glynn RJ, Gagne JJ, Schneeweiss S. Role of disease risk scores in comparative effectiveness research with emerging therapies. Pharmaco-epidemiol Drug Saf 2012;21(Suppl. 2):138–147
21. Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc 1999;94:496–509
22. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Type 2 diabetes in adults: management [Internet]. Available from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28/chapter/1Recommendations#managing-complications. Accessed 1 February 2017
23. Ding P, VanderWeele TJ. Sensitivity analysis without assumptions. Epidemiology 2016;27: 368–377
24. Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Cohen T. Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies. Epidemiology 2010;21:383–388
25. Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, et al.; SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1317–1326
26. White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR, et al.; EXAMINE Investigators. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1327–1335
27. Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, et al.; TECOS Study Group. Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:232–242
28. Grunwald JE, Riva CE, Martin DB, Quint AR, Epstein PA. Effect of an insulin-induced decrease in blood glucose on the human diabetic retinal circulation. Ophthalmology 1987;94: 1614–1620
29. Henricsson M, Berntorp K, Fernlund P, Sundkvist G. Progression of retinopathy in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002;25:381–385
30. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA briefing document. Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting (EMDAC) Victoza (liraglutide) [Internet], 2017. Available from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/ Drugs/EndocrinologicandMetabolicDrugsAdvisory Committee/UCM563334.pdf. Accessed 31 October 2017
31. Wysham CH, MacConell LA, Maggs DG, Zhou M, Griffin PS, Trautmann ME. Five-year efficacy and safety data of exenatide once weekly: long-term results from the DURATION-1 randomized clinical trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2015;90:356–365
32. Moride Y, Abenhaim L. Evidence of the depletion of susceptibles effect in non-experimental pharmacoepidemiologic research [published correction appears in J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:111]. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:731–737
33. Suissa S. Immortal time bias in pharmaco-epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:492–499
34. Ray WA. Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:915–920
35. Matza LS, Curtis SE, Jordan JB, Adetunji O, Martin SA, Boye KS. Physician perceptions of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the UK. Curr Med Res Opin 2016;32:857–864
36. Harris M. The NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme. In Focus. London, U.K., The Royal College of Ophthalmologists, 2012
37. Quality and outcomes framework - England, 2004-05: defining QOF indicators [Internet]. Available from http://content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB01946/qof-eng-04-05-defi-indi-anx. pdf. Accessed 3 April 2017
38. Thomas RL, Dunstan F, Luzio SD, et al. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Service for Wales: retrospective analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e874
39. Younis N, Broadbent DM, Vora JP, Harding SP; Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study. Incidence of sight-threatening retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study: a cohort study. Lancet 2003;361:195–200