Herbal medicine: An introduction to its history, usage, regulation, current trends, and research needs

Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-10

  Wachtel Galor, Sissi ^a   Benzie, Iris F F ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85054308652     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (51)

1. Balsano, C., and A. Alisi. 2009. Antioxidant effects of natural bioactive compounds. Curr Pharm Des 15:3063-73.
2. Barnes, P. M., B. Bloom, and R. Nahin. 2008. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. CDC National Health Statistics Report # 12. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr012.pdf access date: 5 Nov
3. Beckman, K. B., and B. N. Ames. 1998. The free radical theory of ageing matures. Physiol Rev 78:47-81.
4. Benzie, I. F. F., and S. Wachtel-Galor. 2009. Biomarkers in long-term vegetarian diets. Adv Clin Chem 47:170-208.
5. Benzie, I. F., and S. Wachtel-Galor. 2010. Vegetarian diets and public health: Biomarker and redox connections. Antioxid Redox Signal 13(10):1575-91.
6. Bozzetti, F. 2003. Nutritional issues in the care of the elderly patient. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 48:113-21.
7. Brower, V. 2008. Back to nature: Extinction of medicinal plants threatens drug discovery. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:838-9.
8. Calapai, G. 2008. European legislation on herbal medicines: A look into the future. Drug Saf 31:428-31.
9. Canter, P. H., and E. Ernst. 2004. Herbal supplement use by persons aged over 50 years in Britain: Frequently used herbs, concomitant use of herbs, nutritional supplements and prescription drugs, rate of informing doctors and potential for negative interactions. Drugs Aging 21:597-605.
10. Chan, M. F., E. Mok, Y. S., Wong, ST. F., Tong, FM. C., Day, CC. K., Tang, Kand D. H. Wong H 2003. Attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine: Survey and cluster analysis. Complement Ther Med 11(2):103-9.
11. Cohen, P. A., and E. Ernst. 2010. Safety of herbal supplements: A guide for cardiologists. Cardiovasc Ther 28:246-53.
12. Conboy, L., T. J. Kaptchuk, D. M. Eisenberg, B. Gottlieb, and D. Acevedo-Garcia. 2007. The relationship between social factors and attitudes toward conventional and CAM practitioners. Complement Ther Clin Pract 13:146-57.
13. De Smet, P. 2005. Herbal medicine in Europe: Relaxing regulatory standards. N Engl J Med 352:1176-8.
14. Eisenberg, D. M., R. B. Davis, S. L. Ettner, S. Appel, S. Wilkey, M. Van Rompay, and R. C. Kessler. 1998. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 280:1569-75.
15. Engebretson, J. 2002. Culture and complementary therapies. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 8:177-84.
16. Ernst, E., K. Schmidt, and B. Wider. 2005. CAM research in Britain: The last 10 years. Complement Ther Clin Pract 11:17-20.
17. Evans, S. 2008. Changing the knowledge base in Western herbal medicine. Soc Sci Med 67:2098-106.
18. Evans, M., A. Shaw, E. A. Thompson, S. Falk, P. Turton, T. Thompson, and D. Sharp. 2007. Decisions to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by male cancer patients: Information-seeking roles and types of evidence used. BMC Complement Altern Med 7:25.
19. Finkel, T., and N. J. Holbrook. 2000. Oxidants oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 408:239-47.
20. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2010. Overview of dietary supplements. website: www.fda.gov/food/dietarysupplements/consumerinformation (accessed November 5, 2010).
21. Giordano, J., J. Engebretson, and M. K. Garcia. 2005. Challenges to complementary and alternative medical research: Focal issues influencing integration into a cancer care model. Integr Cancer Ther 4:210-8.
22. Harman, D. 1992. Free radical theory of aging. Mutat Res 275:257-66.
23. Harrison, R. A., D. Holt, D. J. Pattison, and P. J. Elton. 2004. Who and how many people are taking herbal supplements? A survey of 21,923 adults. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 74:183-6.
24. Hartmann, T. 2007. From waste products to ecochemicals: Fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism. Phytochemical 68:2831-46.
25. Health Canada, Drugs and Health Products. 2003. Food and drugs act. Nat Health Prod Regul 137(13), available at www.hc-sc.gc.ca
26. Holmes, G. E., C. Bernstein, and H. Bernstein. 1992. Oxidative and other DNA damages as the basis of aging: A review. Mutat Res 275(3-6):305-15.
27. Jenke-Kodama, H., R. Müller, and E. Dittmann. 2008. Evolutionary mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite diversity. Prog Drug Res 65:119, 121-40.
28. Kantor, M. 2009. The role of rigorous scientific evaluation in the use and practice of complementary and alternative medicine. J Am Coll Radiol 6:254-62.
29. Li, W. F., J. G. Jiang, and J. Chen. 2008. Chinese medicine and its modernization demands. Arch Med Res 39:246-51.
30. Li, J. W. H., and J. C. Vederas. 2009. Drug discovery and natural products: End of an era or an endless frontier? Science 325:161-5.
31. Loya, A. M., A. Gonzalez-Stuart, and J. O. Rivera. 2009. Prevalence of polypharmacy, polyherbacy, nutritional supplement use and potential product interactions among older adults living on the United States-Mexico border: A descriptive, questionnaire-based study. Drugs Aging 26:423-36.
32. Mahady, G. B. 2001. Global harmonization of herbal health claims. J Nutr 131:1120S-3S.
33. Nestler, G. 2002. Traditional Chinese medicine. Med Clin North Am 86:63-73.
34. Qato, D. M., G. C. Alexander, R. M. Conti, M. Johnson, P. Schumm, and S. T. Lindau. 2008. Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States. JAMA 300:2867-78.
35. Rajah, M. N. et al. 2009. Biological changes associated with healthy versus pathological aging: A symposium review. Ageing Res Rev 8:140-6.
36. Ribnicky, D. M., A. Poulev, B. Schmidt, W. T. Cefalu, and I. Raskin. 2008. The science of botanical supplements for human health: A view from the NIH botanical research centers: Evaluation of botanicals for improving human health. Am J Clin Nutr 87:472S-5S.
37. Richter, R. K. 2003. Herbal Medicine: Chaos in the Marketplace. New York: Haworth Herbal Press.
38. Rishton, G. M. 2008. Natural products as a robust source of new drugs and drug leads: Past successes and present day issues. Am J Cardiol 101:43D-9D.
39. Rousseaux, C. G., and H. Schachter. 2003. Regulatory issues concerning the safety, efficacy and quality of herbal remedies. Birth Defects Res B 68:505-10.
40. Routledge, P. A. 2008. The European herbal medicines directive: Could it have saved the lives of Romeo and Juliet? Drug Saf 31:416-8.
41. Sahoo, N., K. Choudhury, and P., Manchikanti. 2009. Manufacturing of biodrugs: Need for harmonization in regulatory standards. BioDrugs 23(4):217-29.
42. Sahoo, N., P. Manchikanti, and S. Dey. 2010. Herbal drugs: Standards and regulation. Fitoterapia 81(6):462-71.
43. Schmidt, B., D. M. Ribnicky, A. Poulev, S. Logendra, W. T. Cefalu, and I. Raskin. 2008. A natural history of botanical therapeutics. Metabolism 57:S3-9.
44. Tang, S. Y., and B. Halliwell. 2010. Medicinal plants and antioxidants: What do we learn from cell culture and Caenorhabditis elegans studies? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:1-5.
45. Tilburt, J. C., and T. J. Kaptchuk J. 2008. Herbal medicine research and global health: An ethical analysis. Bull World Health Organ 86(8):594-9.
46. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2010. Herbal dietary supplements: Examples of deceptive or questionable marketing practices and potentially dangerous advice. GAO-10-662T.
47. Vlietinck, A., L. Pieters, and S. Apers. 2009. Legal requirements for the quality of herbal substances and herbal preparations for the manufacturing of herbal medicinal products in the European Union. Planta Med 75:683-8.
48. World Health Organization (WHO). 2001. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicines.
49. World Health Organization (WHO). 2005. National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines. Report of WHO global survey. Geneva.
50. World Health Organization (WHO). "Traditional Medicine." http://www.who.int/topics/traditional_medicine/en/ (accessed July 21, 2010).
51. Xutian, S., J. Zhang, and W. Louise. 2009. New exploration and understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. Am J Chin Med 37:411-26.