Oral immunization of wildlife

The Natural History of Rabies, 2nd Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 485-503

  Wandeler, Alexander I ^a  

^a AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85054236874     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203736371     Document Type: Chapter

References (134)

1. Friend, M., History and epidemiology of rabies in New York, N.Y. Fish Game J., 15, 71, 1968.
2. Wandeler, A., Muller, J., Wachendörfer, G., Schale, W., Förster, U., and Steck, F., Rabies in wild carnivores in Central Europe. III. Ecology and biology of the fox in relation to control operations, Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe B, 21, 765, 1974.
3. Gunson, J. R., Dorward, W. J., and Schowalter, D. B., An evaluation of rabies control in skunks in Alberta, Can. Vet. J., 19, 214, 1978.
4. Bogel, K., Andral, L., Beran, G., Schneider, L. G., and Wandeler, A., Dog rabies elimination. A trend analysis and programme proposal prepared by a WHO working group, Int. J. Zoon., 9, 97, 1982.
5. Larghi, O. P., Arrosi, J. C, Nakajata, A. J., and Villa-Nova, A., Control of urban rabies, in Rabies, Campbell, J. B. and Charlton, K. M., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1988, 407.
6. Seidler, M., Stahl, D., and Rode, H., Untersuchungen uber das Fangen von Jungfuchsen am Bau zur Schutzimpfung gegen die Tollwut, Tieraerztl. Umsch., 37, 267, 1982.
7. Rosatte, R. C, Kelly-Ward, P. M., and Maclnnes, C. D., A strategy for controlling rabies in urban skunks and raccoons, in Proc. Natl. Symp. on Urban Wildlife, Chevy Chase, MD, 1986, 161.
8. Hudson, D. A., Winkler, W. G., and Sikes, R. K., A field study with an automatic inoculating device for wildlife, presented at the EIS Conf., Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, 1968.
9. Baer, G. M., Oral rabies vaccination: an overview, Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S644, 1988.
10. WHO Expert Committee on Rabies, 7th report, WHO Technical Report Series, 709, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1984.
11. Lawson, K. F., Johnston, D. H., Patterson, J. M., Rhodes, A. J., and Zalan, E., Immunization of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by the oral and intramuscular routes with inactivated rabies vaccines, Can. J. Comp. Med., 46, 382, 1982.
12. Parker, R. L., personal communication, 1962; quoted in Baer, G. M., Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S644, 1988.
13. Baer, G. M., Wildlife vaccination, in The Natural History of Rabies, Vol. 2, Baer, G. M., Ed., Academic Press, New York, 1975, 261.
14. Tolson, N. D., Charlton, K. M., Lawson, K. F., Campbell, J. B., and Steward, R. B., Studies of ERA/BHK-21 rabies vaccine in skunks and mice, Can. J. Vet. Res., 52, 58, 1988.
15. Baer, G. M., Broderson, J. R., and Yager, P. A., Determination of the site of oral rabies vaccination, Am. J. Epidemiol., 101, 160, 1975.
16. Baer, G. M., Abelseth, M. K., and Debbie, J. G., Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies, Am. J. Epidemiol., 93, 487, 1971.
17. WHO, Consultation on oral vaccination of foxes, World Health Organization, Frankfurt, Germany, 1975.
18. Blancou, J., Prophylaxie medicale de la rage chez le renard, Rec. Med. Vet. (Alfort), 155, 733, 1979.
19. Perry, B. D., The oral immunization of animals against rabies, Vet. Annu., 29, 37, 1989.
20. Black, J. G. and Lawson, K. F., Sylvatic rabies studies in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes): susceptibility and immune responses, Can. J. Comp. Med., 34, 309, 1970.
21. Atanasiu, P., Metianu, T., and Bolanos, A., Evaluation d’une vaccination rabique experimentale par a voie orale et intestinale avec des vaccins tués, concentrés et non concentres, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 187, 1982.
22. Campbell, J. B., Maharaj, I., and Roith, J., Vaccine formulations for oral immunization of laboratory animals and wildlife against rabies, in Rabies in the Tropics, Kuwert, E., Mérieux, C, Koprowski, H., and Bögel, K., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985, 285.
23. Crick, J., Brown, F., King, A. A., Williams, E. W., Thompson, G., and Fearne, A. J., Control of wildlife rabies, in Rabies in the Tropics, Kuwert, E., Mérieux, C, Koprowski, H., and Bögel, K., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985, 294.
24. Lawson, K. F., Johnston, D. H., Patterson, J. M., Hertler, R., Campbell, J. B., and Rhodes, A. J., Immunization of foxes by the intestinal route using an inactivated rabies vaccine, Can. J. Vet. Res., 53, 56, 1989.
25. Chavali, S. R. and Campbell, J. B., Adjuvant effects of orally administered saponins on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, Immunobiology, 174, 347, 1987.
26. Thomas, I., Brochier, B., Languet, B., Blancou, J., Peharpre, D., Kieny, M. P., Desmettre, P., Chappuis, G., and Pastoret, P.-P., Primary multiplication site of the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus administered to foxes by the oral route, J. Gen. Virol., 71, 37, 1990.
27. Wandeler, A. I., Capt, S., Kappeler, A., and Hauser, R., Oral immunization of wildlife against rabies: concept and first field experiments, Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S649, 1988.
28. Debbie, J. G., Abelseth, M. K., and Baer, G. M., The use of commercially available vaccines for the oral vaccination of foxes against rabies, Am. J. Epidemiol., 96, 231, 1972.
29. Mayr, A., Kraft, H., Jaeger, O., and Haacke, H., Orale Immunisierung von Fuchsen gegen Tollwut, Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe B, 19, 615, 1972.
30. Black, J. G. and Lawson, K. F., Further studies of sylvatic rabies in the fox (Vulpes vulpes). Vaccination by the oral route, Can. Vet. J., 14, 206, 1973.
31. Debbie, J. G., Use of inoculated eggs as a vehicle for the oral rabies vaccination of red foxes (Vulpes fulva), Infect. Immunol, 9, 681, 1974.
32. Baer, G. M., The oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits, Dev. Biol. Stand., 33, 417, 1975.
33. Baer, G. M., Rabies vaccination of wildlife and domestic animals other than dogs, in Rabies in the Tropics, Kuwert, E., Mérieux, C., Koprowski, H., and Bogel, K., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985, 270.
34. Winkler, W. G., McLean, R. G., and Cowart, J. C., Vaccination of foxes against rabies using ingested bait, J. Wildl. Dis., 11, 382, 1975.
35. Winkler, W. G. and Baer, G. M., Rabies immunization of red foxes (Vulpes fulva) with vaccine sausage baits, Am. J. Epidemiol, 103, 408, 1976.
36. Black, J. G. and Lawson, K. F., The safety and efficacy of immunizing foxes (Vulpes vulpes) using bait containing attenuated rabies virus vaccine, Can. J. Comp. Med., 44, 169, 1980.
37. Blancou, J., Andral, L., Aubert, M. F. A., and Artois, M., Vaccination du renard contre la rage par voie orale, Bull Acad. Vet. Fr., 55, 351, 1982.
38. Hafliger, U., Bichsel, P., Wandeler, A., and Steck, F., Zur oralen Immunisierung von Füchsen gegen Tollwut: Stabilisierung und Koderapplikation des Impfvirus, Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe B, 29, 604, 1982.
39. Lawson, K. F., Black, J. G., Charlton, K. M., Johnston, D. H., and Rhodes, A. J., Safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine bait containing ERA strain of attenuated rabies virus, Can. J. Vet. Res., 51, 460, 1987.
40. Follmann, E. H., Ritter, D. G., and Baer, G. M., Immunization of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) with oral rabies vaccine, J. Wildl. Dis., 24, 477, 1988.
41. Rupprecht, C. E. Dietzschold, B., Cox, J. H., and Schneider, L. G., Oral vaccination of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with an attenuated (SAD-B19) rabies vaccine, J. Wildl. Dis., 25, 548, 1989.
42. Winkler, W. G., Shaddock, J. H., and Williams, L. W., Oral rabies vaccine: evaluation of its infectivity in three species of rodents, Am. J. Epidemiol, 104, 294, 1976.
43. Wachendörfer, G., Gegenwartiger Stand der Vakzination von Fuchsen gegen Tollwut, Prakt. Tierarzt, 12, 801, 1976.
44. Wachendörfer, G., Farrenkopf, P., Lohrbach, W., Förster, U., Frost, J. W., and Valder, W. A., Passageversuch mit einer Variante des Tollwut-Impfstammes ERA bei wildlebenden Species (Ondatra zibethica und Rattus norvegicus), Dtsch. Tieraerztl. Wochenschr., 85, 273, 1978.
45. Swiss Rabies Center, Bern, unpublished data.
46. Wandeler, A. L, Bauder, W., Prochaska, S., and Steck, F., Small mammal studies in a SAD baiting area, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol Infect. Dis., 5, 173, 1982.
47. Esh, J. B., Cunningham, J. G., and Wiktor, T. J., Vaccine-induced rabies in four cats, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 180, 1336, 1982.
48. Kiefert, C, Wachendörfer, G., and Frost, J. W., Unschädlichkeitsprüfungen mit der geklonten Variante des Flury HEP Virus (Stamm 675) bei wildlebenden Spezies. Ein Beitrag zur oralen Immunisierung von Fuchsen gegen Tollwut, Tieraerztl. Umsch., 37, 165, 1982.
49. Wachendörfer, G., Kiefert, C, and Frost, J. W., Safety tests with Flury HEP strain 675 in wild-living European mammals, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 177, 1982.
50. Wachendorfer, G., Friedrich, H., and Frost, J. W., Wirksamkeitsprufungen mit der geklonten Variante des Flury HEP-Virus (Stamm 675) beim Fuchs (Vulpes vulpes L.) - Ein Beitrag zur oralen Immunisierung von Füchsen gegen Tollwut, Tieraerztl. Umsch., 39, 93, 1984.
51. Frost, J. W., Friedrich, H., and Wachendorfer, G., Effectivity of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies with Flury HEP strain 675, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol Infect. Dis., 5, 181, 1982.
52. Dubreuil, M., Andral, L., Aubert, M. F. A., and Blancou, J., The oral vaccination of foxes against rabies - an experimental study, Ann. Rech. Vet., 10, 9, 1979.
53. Clark, H F., Rabies virus increase in virulence when propagated in neuroblastoma cell culture, Science, 199, 1072, 1978.
54. Clark, H F. and Koprowski, H., Isolation of temperature-sensitive conditional lethal mutants of fixed rabies virus, J. Virol, 7, 295, 1971.
55. Aubert, M. F. A., Busserau, F., and Blancou, J., Pathogenic, immunogenic and protective powers of ten temperature-sensitive mutants of rabies in mice, Ann. Virol. (Inst. Pasteur), 131E, 217, 1980.
56. Bussereau, F., Benejean, J., and Saghi, N., Isolation and study of temperature-sensitive mutants of rabies virus, J. Gen. Virol, 60, 153, 1982.
57. Coulon, P., Rollin, P., Blancou, J., and Flamand, A., Avirulent mutants of the CVS strain of rabies virus, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 117, 1982.
58. Bussereau, F., Aubert, M., and Blancou, J., Temperature-sensitive mutants of rabies virus: behaviour following inoculation into mouse and fox, Ann. Virol. (Inst. Pasteur), 134E, 315, 1983.
59. Pepin, M., Blancou, J., Aubert, M. F. A., Barrat, J., Coulon, P., and Flamand, A., Oral immunization against rabies with an avirulent mutant of the CVS strain: evaluation of its efficacy in fox (Vulpes vulpes) and its infectivity in seven other species, Ann. Inst. Pasteur Virol, 136E, 65, 1985.
60. Tidke, R., Prehaud, C, Coulon, P., Blancou, J., and Flamand, A., Characterization of a double avirulent mutant of rabies virus and its potency as a vaccine, live or inactivated, Vaccine, 5, 229, 1987.
61. Tolson, N. D., Charlton, K. M., Steward, R. B., Casey, G. A., Webster, W. A., Mackenzie, K., Campbell, J. B., and Lawson, K. F., Mutants of rabies viruses in skunks: immune response and pathogenicity, Can. J. Vet. Res., 54, 178, 1990.
62. Coulon, P., Rollin, P. E., Aubert, M., and Flamand, A., Molecular basis of rabies virus virulence. I. Selection of avirulent mutants of the CVS strain with anti-G monoclonal antibodies, J. Gen. Virol, 61, 97, 1982.
63. Coulon, P., Rollin, P. E., and Flamand, A., Molecular basis of rabies virus virulence. II. Identification of a site on the CVS glycoprotein associated with virulence, J. Gen. Virol, 64, 693, 1983.
64. Dietzschold, B., Wunner, W. H., Wiktor, T. J., Lopes, A. D., Lafon, M., Smith, C. L., and Koprowski, H., Characterization of an antigenic determinant of the glycoprotein that correlates with pathogenicity of rabies virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 80, 70, 1983.
65. Tuffereau, C, Leblois, H., Benejean, J., Coulon, P., Lafay, F., and Flamand, A., Arginine or lysine in position 333 of ERA and CVS glycoprotein is necessary for rabies virulence in adult mice, Virology, 172, 206, 1989.
66. Flamand, A., Blancou, J., Coulon, P., Lafay, F., Leblois, H., Prehaud, C, and Tuffereau, C, The antigenic structure of the rabies glycoprotein, application of basic research to oral vaccination of foxes, in 2nd Int. IMVI Essen/WHO Symp. on Rabies, New Developments in Rabies Control, Essen, July 5 to 7, 1988.
67. Leblois, H., Blancou, J., Coulon, P., Lafay, F., Prehaud, C, Tuffereau, C, and Flamand, A., Le probleme du choix des souches vaccinales en vue de la vaccination orale des animaux errants, Bull. Acad. Vet. Fr., 61, 403, 1988.
68. Esposito, J. J. and Murphy, F. A., Infectious recombinant vectored virus vaccines, Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med., 33, 195, 1989.
69. Kieny, M. P., Lathe, R., Drillen, R., Spehner, P., Skorky, S., Schmitt, D., Wiktor, T., Koprowski, H., and Lecocq, J. P., Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus, Nature (London), 313, 163, 1984.
70. Lecocq, J. P., Kieny, M. P., Lemoine, Y., Drillien, R., Wiktor, T. J., Koprowski, H., and Lathe, R., New rabies vaccines: recombinant DNA approaches, in World’s Debt to Pasteur, proc. centennial symp. commemorating the first rabies vaccination, Philadelphia, January 17 and 18, 1985, 259.
71. Taylor, J., Weinberg, R., Languet, B., Desmettre, P., and Paoletti, E., Recombinant fowlpox virus inducing protective immunity in non-avian species, Vaccine, 6, 497, 1988.
72. Prehaud, C, Takehara, K., Flamand, A., and Bishop, D. H. L., Immunogenic and protective properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by baculovirus vectors, Virology, 173, 390, 1989.
73. Prevec, L., Campbell, J. B., Christie, B. S., Belbeck, L., and Graham, F. L., A recombinant human adenovirus vaccine against rabies, J. Infect. Dis., 161, 27, 1990.
74. Wiktor, T. J., MacFarlan, R. I., Reagan, K. J., Dietzschold, B., Curtis, P. J., Wunner, W. H., Kieny, M. P., Lathe, R., Lecocq, J. P., Mackett, M., Moss, B., and Koprowski, H., Protection from rabies by a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies glycoprotein gene, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81, 7194, 1984.
75. Wiktor, T. J., MacFarlan, R. L, Dietzschold, B., Rupprecht, C, and Wunner, W. H., Immunogenic properties of vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein, Ann. Inst. Pasteur Virol., 136E, 405, 1985.
76. Blancou, J., Kieny, M. P., Lathe, R., Lecocq, J. P., Pastoret, P. P., Soulebot, J. P., and Desmettre, P., Oral vaccination of the fox against rabies using a live recombinant vaccinia virus, Nature (London), 322, 373, 1986.
77. Rupprecht, C. E., Wiktor, T. J., Johnston, D. H., Hamir, A. N., Dietzschold, B. V., Wunner, W. H., Glickman, L. T., and Koprowski, H., Oral immunization and protection of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83, 7947, 1986.
78. Tolson, N. D., Charlton, K. M., Stewart, R. B., Campbell, J. B., and Wiktor, T. J., Immune response in skunks to a vaccinia recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, Can. J. Vet. Res., 51, 363, 1987.
79. Rupprecht, C. E., Dietzschold, B., Koprowski, H., and Johnston, D. H., Development of an oral wildlife rabies vaccine: immunization of raccoons by a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus and preliminary field baiting trials, Vaccines, 87, 389, 1987.
80. Rupprecht, C. E. and Kieny, M. P., Development of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine, in Rabies, Campbell, J. B. and Charlton, K. M., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1988, 335.
81. Koprowski, H., Rabies oral immunization, Current Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 146, 137, 1989.
82. Hanlon, C. A., Ziemer, E. L., Hamir, A. N., and Rupprecht, C. E., Cerebrospinal fluid analysis of rabid and vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant, orally vaccinated raccoons (Procyon lotor), Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, 364, 1989.
83. Dietzschold, B., Tollis, M., Rupprecht, C. E., Celis, E., and Koprowski, H., Antigenic variation in rabies and rabies-related viruses: cross-protection independent of glycoprotein-mediated virus-neutralizing antibody, J. Infect. Dis., 156, 815, 1987.
84. Dietzschold, B., Wang, H., Rupprecht, C. E., Celis, E., Tollis, M., Ertl, H., Heber-Katz, E., and Koprowski, H., Induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84, 9165, 1987.
85. Brochier, B. M., Languet, B., Blancou, J., Kieny, M. P., Lecocq, J. P., Costy, F., Desmettre, P., and Pastoret, P. P., Use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus for oral vaccination of fox cubs (Vulpes vulpes L.) against rabies, Vet. Microbiol., 18, 103, 1988.
86. Blancou, J., Artois, M., Brochier, B., Thomas, I., Pastoret, P. P., Desmettre, P., Languet, B., and Kieny, M. P., Innocuité et efficacite d’un vaccin antirabique recombinant des virus de la vaccine et de la rage administre par voie orale au renard, au chien et au chat, Ann. Rech. Vet., 20, 195, 1989.
87. Brochier, B., Blancou, J., Thomas, I., Languet, B., Artois, M., Kieny, M. P., Lecocq, J. P., Costy, F., Desmettre, P., Chappuis, G., and Pastoret, P. P., Use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein virus for oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies: innocuity to several non-target bait consuming species, J. Wildl. Dis., 25, 540, 1989.
88. Brochier, B. M., Blancou, J., Aubert, M. F. A., Kieny, M. P., Desmettre, P., and Pastoret, P. P., Interaction between rabies infection and oral administration of vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus to foxes (Vulpes vulpes), J. Gen. Virol, 70, 1601, 1989.
89. Pastoret, P. P., Brochier, B., Languet, B., Thomas, I., Paquot, A., Badouin, B., Kieny, M. P., Lecocq, J. P., De Bruyn, J., Costy, F., Antoine, H., and Desmettre, P., First field trial of fox vaccination against rabies using a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus, Vet. Rec, 123, 481, 1988.
90. Esposito, J. J., Knight, J. C, Shaddock, J. H., Novembre, F. J., and Baer, G. M., Successful oral rabies vaccination of raccoons with raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing rabies virus glycoprotein, Virology, 165, 313, 1988.
91. Esposito, J. J., Chandler, F. W., and Baer, G. M., Oral immunization of animals with raccoon poxvirus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein, Vaccines, 89, 403, 1989.
92. Sumner, J. W., Shaddock, J. H., Wu, G., and Baer, G. M., Oral administration of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons, foxes, skunks, and mongoose, Am. J. Vet. Res., 49, 169, 1988.
93. Anderson, R. M. and May, R. M., Population biology of infectious diseases. I, Nature (London), 280, 361, 1979.
94. Tinline, R. R., Persistence of rabies in wildlife, in Rabies, Campbell, J. B. and Charlton, K. M., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1988, 301.
95. Berger, J., Model of rabies control, Lect. Notes Biomath., 11, 74, 1976.
96. Bacon, P. J., Discrete time temporal models of rabies, in Population Dynamics of Rabies in Wildlife, Bacon, P. J., Ed., Academic Press, London, 1985, 148.
97. Anderson, R. M., Jackson, H. C, May, R. M., and Smith, A. M., Population dynamics of fox rabies in Europe, Nature (London), 289, 765, 1981.
98. Coyne, M. J., Smith, G., and McAllister, F. A., Mathematical model for the population biology of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic states, Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, 2148, 1989.
99. Steck, F. and Wandeler, A., The epidemiology of fox rabies in Europe, Epidemiol. Rev., 2, 71, 1980.
100. Wandeler, A. I., Pfotenhauer, P., and Stocker, C, 1975: Ueber die Verwendung von Kodern zu biologischen Untersuchungen an Füchsen, Rev. Suisse Zool, 82, 335, 1975.
101. Gürtler, W. D. and Zimen, E., The use of baits to estimate fox numbers, Comp. Immunol Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 277, 1982.
102. Johnston, D. H. and Voigt, D. R., A baiting system for the oral rabies vaccination of wild foxes and skunks, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 185, 1982.
103. Perry, B. D., Brooks, R., Foggin, C. M., Bleakley, J., Johnston, D. H., and Hill, F. W. G., A baiting system suitable for the delivery of oral rabies vaccine to dog populations in Zimbabwe, Vet. Rec, 123, 76, 1988.
104. Hanlon, C. L., Hayes, D. E., Hamir, A. N., Snyder, D. E., Jenkins, S., Hable, C. P., and Rupprecht, C. E., Proposed field evaluation of a rabies recombinant vaccine for raccoons (Procyon lotor): site selection, target species characteristics, and placebo baiting trials, J. Wildl. Dis., 25, 555, 1989.
105. Kalpers, J., Brochier, B., Lejeune, E., Quiroga Fernandez, S., Kabemba, M., Bauduin, B., Leonard, M., and Pastoret, P. P., Premiere campagne de vaccination antirabique du renard par voie orale menee en Belgique. Controle d’innocuite chez les rongeurs et les insectivores, Ann. Med. Vet., 131, 473, 1987.
106. Paquot, A., Brochier, B., Thomas, I., and Pastoret, P. P., Campagnes de vaccination antirabique du renard roux (Vulpex vulpes) menées en Belgique: mise en evidence de l’ingestion d’appats vaccinaux par le cerf rouge (Cervus elaphus), le chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus) et le sanglier (Sus scrofa), Ann. Med. Vet., 132, 697, 1988.
107. Hadidian, J., Jenkins, S. R., Johnston, D. H., Savarie, P. J., Nettles, V. F., Manski, D., and Baer, G. M., Acceptance of simulated oral rabies vaccine baits by urban raccoons, J. Wildl. Dis., 25, 1, 1989.
108. Perry, B. D., Garner, N., Jenkins, S. R., McCloskey, K., and Johnston, D. H., A study of techniques for the distribution of oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoon populations, J. Wildl. Dis., 25, 206, 1989.
109. Perry, B. D., Johnston, D. H., Jenkins, S. R., Foggin, C. M., Garner, N., Brooks, R., and Bleakly, J., Studies on the delivery of oral rabies vaccines to wildlife and dog populations, A. Vet. Scand., Suppl. 84, 303, 1988.
110. Hassig, F., Tollwutbekampfung in der Schweiz mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Kantons Graubunden, J’ber. Natf. Ges. Graubunden, 101, 101, 1984.
111. Steck, F., Wandeler, A., Bichsel, P., Capt, S., Häfliger, U., and Schneider, L., Oral immunization of foxes against rabies. Laboratory and field studies, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 165, 1982.
112. Steck, F., Wandeler, A., Bichsel, P., Capt, S., and Schneider, L., Oral immunisation of foxes against rabies. A field study, Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe B, 29, 372, 1982.
113. Regal, P. J., Models of genetically engineered organisms and their ecological impact, in Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii, Mooney, H. A. and Drake, J. A., Eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986, 111.
114. Tiedje, J. M., Colwell, R. K., Grossman, Y. L., Hodson, R. E., Lenski, R. E., Mack, R. N., and Regal, P. J., The planned introduction of genetically engineered organisms: ecological considerations and recommendations, Ecology, 70, 298, 1989.
115. Samagh, B. S., Guidelines for the Regulation of Veterinary Biologies produced by Biotechnology, Agriculture Canada, 1989.
116. Hassell, M. P. and May, R. M., The population biology of host-parasite and host-parasitoid association, in Perspectives in Ecological Theory, Roughgarden, J., May, R. M., and Levin, S. A., Eds., Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1989, p. 319.
117. Schneider, L. G., Cox, J. H., Wandeler, A. I., Blancou, J., and Meyer, S., Application of monoclonal antibodies for epidemiological investigations and oral vaccination studies. III. Oral rabies vaccine, in Rabies in the Tropics, Kuwert, E., Merieux, C, Koprowski, H., and Bogel, K., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985, 53.
118. Wandeler, A., Wachendorfer, G., Förster, U., Krekel, H., Muller, J., and Steck, F., Rabies in wild carnivores in Central Europe. II. Virological and serological examinations, Zentralbl. Veterinaermed. Reihe B, 21, 757, 1974.
119. Linhart, S. B. and Kennelly, J. J., Fluorescent bone labelling of coyotes with demethyl-chlortetracycline, J. Wildl. Manage., 31, 317, 1967.
120. Larson, G. E., Savarie, P. J., and Okuno, I., Iophenoxic acid and mirex for marking wild, bait-consuming animals, J. Wildl. Manage., 45, 1073, 1981.
121. Follmann, E. H., Savarie, P. J., Ritter, D. G., and Baer, G. M., Plasma marking of arctic foxes with iophenoxic acid, J. Wildl. Dis., 23, 709, 1987.
122. Jackson, H. C, Rabies in the Federal Republic of Germany, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 5, 309, 1982.
123. Schneider, L. G. and Cox, J. H., Ein Feldversuch zur oralen Immunisierung von Füchsen gegen Tollwut in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. I. Unschadlichkeit, Wirksamkeit und Stabilität der Vakzine SAD B19, Tieraertzl. Umsch., 38, 315, 1983.
124. Schneider, L. G., Wachendörfer, G., Schmittdiehl, E., and Cox, J. H., Ein Feldversuch zur oralen Immunisierung von Fuchsen gegen die Tollwut. II. Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung des Feldver-suches, Tieraertzl. Umsch., 38, 476, 1983.
125. Schneider, L. G., Oral immunization of wildlife against rabies, Ann. Inst. Pasteur Virol., 136E, 469, 1985.
126. Frost, J. W., Wachendörfer, G., Gutmann, B., Dingeldein, W., and Schneider, L. G., Erste Erfah-rungen mit der oralen Immunisierung von Fuchsen gegen Tollwut in Hessen, Berl. Muench. Tieraerztl. Wochenschr., 98, 279, 1985.
127. WHO Collaborating Center for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Tuebingen, Field trial areas of oral fox vaccination against rabies in Europe, Rabies Bull. Eur., 3/86, 13, 1986.
128. WHO Collaborating Center for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Tuebingen, Field trial areas of oral fox vaccination against rabies in Europe, Rabies Bull. Eur., 3/87, 13, 1986.
129. WHO Collaborating Center for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Tuebingen, Extension of field trials on vaccination of foxes in Europe, Rabies Bull. Eur., 1/87, 13, 1987.
130. WHO Collaborating Center for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Tuebingen, New areas of oral fox vaccination in Europe, Rabies Bull. Eur., 3/89, 11, 1989.
131. Schneider, L. G., Cox, J. H., Muller, W. W., and Hohnsbeen, K. P., Current oral rabies vaccination in Europe: an interim balance, Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S654, 1988.
132. Johnston, D. H., Voigt, D. R., Maclnnes, CD., Bachmann, P., Lawson, K. F., and Rupprecht, C. E., An aerial baiting system for the distribution of attenuated or recombinant rabies vaccines for foxes, raccoons, and skunks, Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S660, 1988.
133. Maclnnes, C. D., Tinline, R. R., Voigt, D. R., Broekhoven, L. H., and Rosatte, R. R., Planning for rabies control in Ontario, Rev. Infect. Dis., 10 (Suppl. 4), S665, 1988.
134. Johnson, H. N., Sporadic cases of rabies in wildlife: relation to rabies in domestic animals and character of virus, in Proc. Natl. Rabies Symp., Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, 1966, 25.