User-driven comments on a facebook advertisement recruiting canadian parents in a study on immunization: Content analysis

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2018, Pages

  Tustin, Jordan Lee ^a,b   Crowcroft, Natasha Sarah ^b,c,d   Gesink, Dionne ^b   Johnson, Ian ^b   Keelan, Jennifer ^e   Lachapelle, Barbara ^f  

^a RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH ONTARIO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^e Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies   (Canada)

^f TORONTO PUBLIC HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Antivaccination movement; Facebook; Immunization; Social media; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

EID: 85054205007     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23692960     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/10090     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Schuster M, Eskola J, Duclos P, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Review of vaccine hesitancy: rationale, remit and methods. Vaccine 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4157-4160 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.035] [Medline: 25896380]
2. World Health Organization. Measles continues to spread and take lives in Europe. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2017 Jul 11. URL: http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2017/measles-continues-to-spread-and-take-lives-in-europe [accessed 2018-02-09] [WebCite Cache ID _6x74GPjqy]
3. Datta SS, O'Connor PM, Jankovic D, Muscat M, Ben Mamou MC, Singh S, et al. Progress and challenges in measles and rubella elimination in the WHO European Region. Vaccine 2017 Jun 23. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.042] [Medline: 28651838]
4. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases. Measles cases and outbreaks. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018 Jul 23. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html [accessed 2018-02-09] [WebCite Cache ID _6x74iHqLG]
5. Public Health Agency of Canada. Public health notice: measles. Ottawa, ON: PHAC; 2015 Feb 12. URL: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/phn-asp/2015/meas-roug-eng.php [accessed 2015-05-19] [WebCite Cache ID _6YeP0Vww8]
6. Lam P, Williams L, Gadient S, Squires S, St-Laurent M. Maintaining measles elimination in Canada: moving forward. Can Commun Dis Rep 2015 Jul 02;41(7):175-178 [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 29769949]
7. Public Health Agency of Canada. Chief Public Health Officer statement: public health reminder regarding mumps. Ottawa, ON: PHAC; 2017 Mar 01. URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/news/2017/03/cpho_statement_publichealthreminderregardingmumps.html [accessed 2017-09-12] [WebCite Cache ID _6tQt6av1a]
8. Betsch C, Brewer NT, Brocard P, Davies P, Gaissmaier W, Haase N, et al. Opportunities and challenges of Web 2.0 for vaccination decisions. Vaccine 2012 May 28;30(25):3727-3733. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.025] [Medline: 22365840]
9. Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger J. Vaccine hesitancy: an overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013 Aug;9(8):1763-1773 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.4161/hv.24657] [Medline: 23584253]
10. Bean SJ. Emerging and continuing trends in vaccine opposition website content. Vaccine 2011 Feb 24;29(10):1874-1880. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.003] [Medline: 21238571]
11. Kata A. Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm-an overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine 2012 May 28;30(25):3778-3789. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112] [Medline: 22172504]
12. Stahl J, Cohen R, Denis F, Gaudelus J, Martinot A, Lery T, et al. The impact of the web and social networks on vaccination. New challenges and opportunities offered to fight against vaccine hesitancy. Med Mal Infect 2016 May;46(3):117-122. [doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.02.002] [Medline: 26987960]
13. Dubé E, Bettinger JA, Fisher WA, Naus M, Mahmud SM, Hilderman T. Vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and refusal in Canada: challenges and potential approaches. Can Commun Dis Rep 2016 Dec 01;42(12):246-251 [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 29769995]
14. Tustin JL, Crowcroft NS, Gesink D, Johnson I, Keelan J. Internet exposure associated with Canadian parents' perception of risk on childhood immunization: cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018 Jan 19;4(1):e7 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/publichealth.8921] [Medline: 29351896]
15. Fox S. The social life of health information, 2011. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2011 May 12. URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media/Files/Reports/2011/PIP_Social_Life_of_Health_Info.pdf [accessed 2015-05-21] [WebCite Cache ID _6YgLVZvcu]
16. Statistics Canada. Individual internet use and e-commerce, 2012. 2013 Oct 28. URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/131028/dq131028a-eng.htm [accessed 2017-09-12] [WebCite Cache ID _6tQtW0ZKc]
17. Witteman HO, Zikmund-Fisher BJ. The defining characteristics of Web 2.0 and their potential influence in the online vaccination debate. Vaccine 2012 May 28;30(25):3734-3740. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.039] [Medline: 22178516]
18. Statistics Canada. Individual internet use and e-commerce. 2010. URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/111012/dq111012a-eng.htm [accessed 2015-05-21] [WebCite Cache ID _6YgL00Kv3]
19. The Canadian Press. More Canadians use Facebook daily than anywhere else in the world. Toronto, ON: Financial Post; 2013 Aug 13. URL: https://tinyurl.com/yakhqq53 [accessed 2017-11-16] [WebCite Cache ID _6v0QKrarq]
20. Faber H. Canadian social media statistics 2013. Ottawa, ON: Webfuel Inc; 2013 Aug 14. URL: http://www.webfuel.ca/canadian-social-media-statistics-2013/ [accessed 2017-11-16] [WebCite Cache ID _6v0QQ1nHO]
21. Nicholson MS, Leask J. Lessons from an online debate about measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization. Vaccine 2012 May 28;30(25):3806-3812. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.072] [Medline: 22063388]
22. Betsch C, Renkewitz F, Betsch T, Ulshöfer C. The influence of vaccine-critical websites on perceiving vaccination risks. J Health Psychol 2010 Apr;15(3):446-455. [doi: 10.1177/1359105309353647] [Medline: 20348365]
23. Betsch C. Innovations in communication: the Internet and the psychology of vaccination decisions. Euro Surveill 2011 Apr 28;16(17) [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 21543043]
24. Public Health Agency of Canada. Vaccine coverage in Canadian children: results from the 2013 Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey. Ottawa, ON: PHAC; 2017. URL: https://tinyurl.com/y8mshshj [accessed 2018-08-30] [WebCite Cache ID _7233v6c6s]
25. Public Health Agency of Canada. Elimination of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Canada: documentation and verification report. Ottawa, ON: PHAC; 2013 Apr 04. URL: https://tinyurl.com/yd2cdb7h [accessed 2018-02-09] [WebCite Cache ID _6x7768L5Q]
26. Deehan H, Shane A. Measles activity in Canada: January - June 2014. Can Commun Dis Rep 2014 Jun 12;40(12):233-235 [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 29769845]
27. Shane A, Hiebert J, Sherrard L, Deehan H. Measles surveillance in Canada: Trends for 2013. Can Commun Dis Rep 2014 Jun 12;40(12):219-232 [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 29769844]
28. Sherrard L, Hiebert J, Cunliffe J, Mendoza L, Cutler J. Measles surveillance in Canada 2015. Can Commun Dis Rep 2016 Jul 07;42(7):139-145. [Medline: 29770019]
29. Dubé E, Gagnon D, Ouakki M, Bettinger JA, Guay M, Halperin S, Canadian Immunization Research Network. Understanding vaccine hesitancy in Canada: results of a consultation study by the Canadian Immunization Research Network. PLoS One 2016;11(6):e0156118 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156118] [Medline: 27257809]
30. Ward JK, Peretti-Watel P, Verger P. Vaccine criticism on the Internet: propositions for future research. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016 Dec 02;12(7):1924-1929 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1146430] [Medline: 26900646]
31. Kata A. A postmodern Pandora's box: anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet. Vaccine 2010 Feb 17;28(7):1709-1716. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022] [Medline: 20045099]
32. Tustin JL, Crowcroft NS, Gesink D, Johnson I, Keelan J, Lachapelle B. Facebook recruitment of vaccine-hesitant Canadian parents: cross-sectional study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017 Jul 24;3(3):e47 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/publichealth.6870] [Medline: 28739557]
33. Bengtsson M. How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open 2016;2:8-14. [doi: 10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001]
34. Burnard P. A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research. Nurse Educ Today 1991 Dec;11(6):461-466. [Medline: 1775125]
35. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004 Feb;24(2):105-112. [doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001] [Medline: 14769454]
36. Keelan J, Pavri-Garcia V, Tomlinson G, Wilson K. YouTube as a source of information on immunization: a content analysis. JAMA 2007 Dec 5;298(21):2482-2484. [doi: 10.1001/jama.298.21.2482] [Medline: 18056901]
37. Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DMD, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine 2014 Apr 17;32(19):2150-2159. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081] [Medline: 24598724]
38. MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4161-4164 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036] [Medline: 25896383]
39. The SAGE working Group on vaccine hesitancy. World Health Organization. 2014 Oct 1. Report of the SAGE Working Group on vaccine hesitancy URL: https://tinyurl.com/nwuwls8 [WebCite Cache ID _7234XYcy1]
40. Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013 Sep 18;13:117 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-117] [Medline: 24047204]
41. Keelan J, Pavri V, Balakrishnan R, Wilson K. An analysis of the Human papilloma virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine 2010 Feb 10;28(6):1535-1540. [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.060] [Medline: 20003922]
42. Seeman N, Seeman M. Autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: need to communicate a health study retraction to patients. J Particip Med 2010 Dec 17;2:e18 [FREE Full _text]
43. Greenberg J, Dubé E, Driedger M. Vaccine hesitancy: in search of the risk communication comfort zone. PLoS Curr 2017 Mar 03;9 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.0561a011117a1d1f9596e24949e8690b] [Medline: 28357154]
44. Jarrett C, Wilson R, O'Leary M, Eckersberger E, Larson HJ, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy - a systematic review. Vaccine 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4180-4190 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.040] [Medline: 25896377]
45. Glanz JM, Wagner NM, Narwaney KJ, Kraus CR, Shoup JA, Xu S, et al. Web-based social media intervention to increase vaccine acceptance: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2017 Dec;140(6). [doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1117] [Medline: 29109107]
46. Goldstein S, MacDonald NE, Guirguis S, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Health communication and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4212-4214 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.042] [Medline: 25896382]
47. Eskola J, Duclos P, Schuster M, MacDonald NE, SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. How to deal with vaccine hesitancy? Vaccine 2015 Aug 14;33(34):4215-4217 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.043] [Medline: 25896378]
48. Wilson K, Barakat M, Vohra S, Ritvo P, Boon H. Parental views on pediatric vaccination: the impact of competing advocacy coalitions. Public Underst Sci 2008 Apr;17(2):231-243. [doi: 10.1177/0963662506067662] [Medline: 19391379]
49. Freed GL, Clark SJ, Butchart AT, Singer DC, Davis MM. Sources and perceived credibility of vaccine-safety information for parents. Pediatrics 2011 May;127 Suppl 1:S107-S112. [doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1722P] [Medline: 21502236]
50. MacDonald NE, Butler R, Dubé E. Addressing barriers to vaccine acceptance: an overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018 Jan 02;14(1):218-224. [doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1394533] [Medline: 29048975]
51. Leask J. Should we do battle with antivaccination activists? Public Health Res Pract 2015 Mar 30;25(2):e2521515 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.17061/phrp2521515] [Medline: 25848733]