Accuracy and precision of tidal wetland soil carbon mapping in the conterminous United States

Scientific Reports

Volumn 8, Issue , 2018, Pages

  Holmquist, James R ^a   Windham Myers, Lisamarie ^b   Bliss, Norman ^c   Crooks, Stephen ^d   Morris, James T ^e   Megonigal, J Patrick ^a   Troxler, Tiffany ^f   Weller, Donald ^a   Callaway, John ^g   Drexler, Judith ^c   Ferner, Matthew C ^h   Gonneea, Meagan E ^c   Kroeger, Kevin D ^c   Schile Beers, Lisa ^a   Woo, Isa ^c   Buffington, Kevin ^c   Breithaupt, Joshua ⁱ   Boyd, Brandon M ^j   Brown, Lauren N ^k   Dix, Nicole ^l   Hice, Lyndie ^m   Horton, Benjamin P ^n,o   Macdonald, Glen M ^k   Moyer, Ryan P ^p   Reay, William ^q   Shaw, Timothy ⁿ   Smith, Erik ^r   Smoak, Joseph M ⁱ   Sommerfield, Christopher ^s   Thorne, Karen ^c   Velinsky, David ^t   Watson, Elizabeth ^t   Grimes, Kristin Wilson ^u   Woodrey, Mark ^v   more..

^a SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^d SILVESTRUM CLIMATE ASSOCIATES   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^f FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO   (United States)

^h SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^j US ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^l Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve   (United States)

^m Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve   (United States)

ⁿ NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^o NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^p Fish and Wildlife Research Institute   (United States)

^q VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

^r North Inlet Winyah Bay NERR   (United States)

^s UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^t DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^u UNIVERSITY OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS   (United States)

^v MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85054190828     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26948-7     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Chmura, G. L., Anisfeld, S. C., Cahoon, D. R. & Lynch, J. C. Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 17 (2003).
2. Mcleod, E. et al. A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 552–560 (2011).
3. Ouyang, X. & Lee, S. Y. Carbon accumulation rates in salt marsh sediments suggest high carbon storage capacity. Biogeosci. Discuss. 10, 19155–19188 (2013).
4. Forbrich, I. & Giblin, A. E. Marsh-atmosphere CO2 exchange in a New England salt marsh. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 120, 1825–1838 (2015).
5. Hyndes, G. A. et al. Mechanisms and ecological role of carbon transfer within coastal seascapes. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 89, 232–254 (2014).
6. Wylie, L., Sutton-Grier, A. E. & Moore, A. Keys to successful blue carbon projects: Lessons learned from global case studies. Mar. Policy 65, 76–84 (2016).
7. Jerath, M. et al. The role of economic, policy, and ecological factors in estimating the value of carbon stocks in Everglades mangrove forests, South Florida, USA. Environ. Sci. Policy 66, 160–169 (2016).
8. Duarte, C. M., Losada, I. J., Hendriks, I. E., Mazarrasa, I. & Marbà, N. The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nat. Clim. Chang. 3, 961–968 (2013).
9. Howard, J. et al. Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Front. Ecol. Environ. 15, 42–50 (2017).
10. IPCC. 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. (IPCC, Switzerland, 2014).
11. Nyman, J. A., Walters, R. J., Delaune, R. D. & Patrick, W. H. Marsh vertical accretion via vegetative growth. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 69, 370–380 (2006).
12. Kirwan, M. L. & Patrick Megonigal, J. Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise. Nature 504, 53–60 (2013).
13. Kirwan, M. L., Temmerman, S., Skeehan, E. E., Guntenspergen, G. R. & Fagherazzi, S. Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise. Nat. Clim. Chang. 6, 253–260 (2016).
14. Stagg, C. L., Schoolmaster, D. R., Krauss, K. W., Cormier, N. & Conner, W. H. Causal mechanisms of soil organic matter decomposition: deconstructing salinity and flooding impacts in coastal wetlands. Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1890 (2017).
15. Lane, R. R. et al. Fate of Soil Organic Carbon During Wetland Loss. Wetlands 36, 1167–1181 (2016).
16. Drexler, J. Z., Fontaine, C. S. & Deverel, S. J. The legacy of wetland drainage on the remaining peat in the Sacramento — San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. Wetlands 29, 372–386 (2009).
17. Pendleton, L. et al. Estimating global ‘blue carbon’ emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS One 7, e43542 (2012).
18. Kroeger, K. D., Crooks, S., Moseman-Valtierra, S. & Tang, J. Restoring tides to reduce methane emissions in impounded wetlands: A new and potent Blue Carbon climate change intervention. Sci. Rep. 7, 11914 (2017).
19. Lovelock, C., Fourqurean, J. & Morris, J. Modeled CO2 emissions from coastal wetland transitions to other land uses: tidal marshes, mangrove forests and seagrass beds. Frontiers in Marine Science 4, 143 (2017).
20. Paustian, K., Ravindranath, N. H. & van Amstel, A. R. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. (2006).
21. Nahlik, A. M. & Fennessy, M. S. Carbon storage in US wetlands. Nat. Commun. 7, 13835 (2016).
22. Wang, H. et al. Determining the Spatial Variability of Wetland Soil Bulk Density, Organic Matter, and the Conversion Factor between Organic Matter and Organic Carbon across Coastal Louisiana, USA. J. Coast. Res. 507–517 (2016).
23. Hinson, A. L. et al. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in tidal wetland soils of the continental United States. Glob. Chang. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13811 (2017).
24. Morris, J. T. et al. Contributions of organic and inorganic matter to sediment volume and accretion in tidal wetlands at steady state. Earths Future 4, 110–121 (2016).
25. Périé, C. & Ouimet, R. Organic carbon, organic matter and bulk density relationships in boreal forest soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88, 315–325 (2008).
26. Callaway, J. C., Borgnis, E. L., Eugene Turner, R. & Milan, C. S. Carbon Sequestration and Sediment Accretion in San Francisco Bay Tidal Wetlands. Estuaries Coasts 35, 1163–1181 (2012).
27. United States Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Data Base: Data Use Information. (National Cartography and GIS Center, 1995).
28. Bliss, N. B., Waltman, S. W., West, L. T., Neale, A. & Mehaffey, M. Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States. in Soil Carbon 85–93 (2014).
29. Zhong, B. & Xu, Y. J. Scale Effects of Geographical Soil Datasets on Soil Carbon Estimation in Louisiana, USA: A Comparison of STATSGO and SSURGO. Pedosphere 21, 491–501 (2011).
30. Jolliff, J. K. et al. Summary diagrams for coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model skill assessment. J. Mar. Syst. 76, 64–82 (2009).
31. Breithaupt, J. L. et al. Partitioning the relative contributions of organic matter and mineral sediment to accretion rates in carbonate platform mangrove soils. Mar. Geol. 390, 170–180 (2017).
32. van de Broek, M., Temmerman, S., Merckx, R. & Govers, G. The importance of an estuarine salinity gradient on soil organic carbon stocks of tidal marshes. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-285 (2016).
33. Kelleway, J. J., Saintilan, N., Macreadie, P. I. & Ralph, P. J. Sedimentary Factors are Key Predictors of Carbon Storage in SE Australian Saltmarshes. Ecosystems 19, 865–880 (2016).
34. Macreadie, P. I. et al. Carbon sequestration by Australian tidal marshes. Sci. Rep. 7, 44071 (2017).
35. USDA NRCS. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (2007).
36. Couvillion, B. R. et al. Land area change in coastal Louisiana from 1932 to 2010. (2011).
37. Congalton, R. G. & Green, K. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices, Second Edition. (CRC Press, 2008).
38. Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F. & Lemcke, G. Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results. J. Paleolimnol. 25, 101–110 (2001).
39. Beckett, L. H.-M. Subsidence, Accretion, and Elevation Trends in Estuarine Wetlands and Relationships to Salinity and Sediment Stratigraphy. (2012).
40. Toscano, M. A., Gonzalez, J. L. & Whelan, K. R. T. Calibrated density profiles of Caribbean mangrove peat sequences from computed tomography for assessment of peat preservation, compaction, and impacts on sea-level reconstructions. Quat. Res. 89, 201–222 (2018).
41. Schile, L. M. et al. Limits on carbon sequestration in arid blue carbon ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 27, 859–874 (2017).
42. Sanders, C. J. et al. Are global mangrove carbon stocks driven by rainfall? J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 121, 2016JG003510 (2016).
43. Kirwan, M. L., Guntenspergen, G. R. & Morris, J. T. Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change. Glob. Chang. Biol. 15, 1982–1989 (2009).
44. Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V. & Yu, Z. Global-scale pattern of peatland Sphagnum growth driven by photosynthetically active radiation and growing season length. Biogeosci. Discuss. 9, 2169–2196 (2012).
45. Hofmann, E. E. et al. Modeling the dynamics of continental shelf carbon. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 3, 93–122 (2011).
46. Boyd, B. M. & Sommerfield, C. K. Marsh accretion and sediment accumulation in a managed tidal wetland complex of Delaware Bay. Ecol. Eng. 92, 37–46 (2016).
47. Breithaupt, J. L., Smoak, J. M., Smith, T. J. & Sanders, C. J. Temporal variability of carbon and nutrient burial, sediment accretion, and mass accumulation over the past century in a carbonate platform mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 119, 2032–2048 (2014).
48. Cochran, J. K., Hirschberg, D. J., Wang, J. & Dere, C. Atmospheric Deposition of Metals to Coastal Waters (Long Island Sound, New York USA): Evidence from Saltmarsh Deposits. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 46, 503–522 (1998).
49. Craft, C. Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and U.S tidal marshes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 1220–1230 (2007).
50. Drake, K., Halifax, H., Adamowicz, S. C. & Craft, C. Carbon Sequestration in Tidal Salt Marshes of the Northeast United States. Environ. Manage. 56, 998–1008 (2015).
51. Drexler, J. Z., de Fontaine, C. S. & Brown, T. A. Peat Accretion Histories During the Past 6,000 Years in Marshes of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA. Estuaries Coasts 32, 871–892 (2009).
52. Elsey-Quirk, T., Seliskar, D. M., Sommerfield, C. K. & Gallagher, J. L. Salt Marsh Carbon Pool Distribution in a Mid-Atlantic Lagoon, USA: Sea Level Rise Implications. Wetlands 31, 87–99 (2011).
53. Ensign, S. H., Noe, G. B., Hupp, C. R. & Skalak, K. J. Head-of-tide bottleneck of particulate material transport from watersheds to estuaries. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42(10), 671–10,679 (2015).
54. Gerlach, M. J. et al. Reconstructing Common Era relative sea-level change on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Mar. Geol. 390, 254–269 (2017).
55. Hill, T. D. & Anisfeld, S. C. Coastal wetland response to sea level rise in Connecticut and New York. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 163, 185–193 (2015).
56. Johnson, B. J., Moore, K. A., Lehmann, C., Bohlen, C. & Brown, T. A. Middle to late Holocene fluctuations of C3 and C4 vegetation in a Northern New England Salt Marsh, Sprague Marsh, Phippsburg Maine. Org. Geochem. 38, 394–403 (2007).
57. Kemp, A. C. et al. Use of lead isotopes for developing chronologies in recent salt-marsh sediments. Quat. Geochronol. 12, 40–49 (2012).
58. Kulawardhana, R. W. et al. The role of elevation, relative sea-level history and vegetation transition in determining carbon distribution in Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marshes. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 154, 48–57 (2015).
59. Merrill, J. Z. Tidal Freshwater Marshes as Nutrient Sinks: particulate Nutrient Burial and Denitrification. (University of Maryland, College Park, 1999).
60. Neubauer, S. C., Anderson, I. C., Constantine, J. A. & Kuehl, S. A. Sediment Deposition and Accretion in a Mid-Atlantic (USA) Tidal Freshwater Marsh. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 54, 713–727 (2002).
61. Noe, G. B., Hupp, C. R., Bernhardt, C. E. & Krauss, K. W. Contemporary Deposition and Long-Term Accumulation of Sediment and Nutrients by Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands Impacted by Sea Level Rise. Estuaries Coasts 39, 1006–1019 (2016).
62. Noe, G. B., Krauss, K. W., Lockaby, B. G., Conner, W. H. & Hupp, C. R. The effect of increasing salinity and forest mortality on soil nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in tidal freshwater forested wetlands. Biogeochemistry 114(1–3), 225–244 (2013).
63. Nyman, J. A., DeLaune, R. D., Roberts, H. H. & Patrick, W. H. Relationship between vegetation and soil formation in a rapidly submerging coastal marsh. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96, 269–279 (1993).
64. Orson, R. A. & Sim, R. L. Rates of Sediment Accumulation in a Tidal Freshwater Marsh. J. Sediment. Res. A Sediment. Petrol. Process. 60 (1990).
65. Radabaugh, K. R. et al. Coastal Blue Carbon Assessment of Mangroves, Salt Marshes, and Salt Barrens in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Estuaries Coasts, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0362-7 (2017).
66. Pastore, M. A., Megonigal, J. P. & Langley, J. A. Elevated CO promotes long-term nitrogen accumulation only in combination with nitrogen addition. Global Change Biology 22(1), 391–403 (2016).
67. Unger, V., Elsey-Quirk, T., Sommerfield, C. & Velinsky, D. Stability of organic carbon accumulating in Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marshes of the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 182, 179–189 (2016).
68. Watson, E. B. & Byrne, R. Late Holocene Marsh Expansion in Southern San Francisco Bay, California. Estuaries Coasts 36, 643–653 (2013).
69. Weis, D. A., Callaway, J. C. & Gersberg, R. M. Vertical Accretion Rates and Heavy Metal Chronologies in Wetland Sediments of the Tijuana Estuary. Estuaries 24, 840 (2001).
70. Crooks, S. et al. Coastal Blue Carbon Opportunity Assessment for the Snohomish Estuary: The Climate Benefits of Estuary Restoration. (Environmental Science Associates, Western Washington University, EarthCorps, and Restore America’s Estuaries, 2014).
71. Piazza, S. C. et al. Geomorphic and Ecological Effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Coastal Louisiana Marsh Communities. (USGS, 2011).
72. Windham-Myers, L. et al. Biogeochemical processes in an urban, restored wetland of San Francisco Bay, California, 2007-2009; methods and data for plant, sediment and water parameters. (US Geological Survey, 2010).
73. Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority. CRMS Soil Properties. (2015).
74. Nuttle, W. Marsh sediment dynamics and organic matter survey VCR/LTER 1987–1988. Environmental Data Initiative, https://doi. org/10.6073/pasta/f20bcd9b51fb51b5e26df8fa03996baf (1996).
75. Gonneea, M. E., O’Keefe Suttles, J. A. & Kroeger, K. D. Collection, analysis, and age-dating of sediment cores from salt marshes on the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, from 2013 through 2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H41QPP (2018).
76. Craft, C. B., Seneca, E. D. & Broome, S. W. Loss on Ignition and Kjeldahl Digestion for Estimating Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Estuarine Marsh Soils: Calibration with DryCombustion. Estuaries 14, 175 (1991).
77. Drexler, J. Z. Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. Estuaries Coasts 34, 900–911 (2011).
78. Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. (Springer Science & Business Media, 2003).
79. Bartoń, K. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.15.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn (2016).
80. R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/(2017).
81. Baty, F., et al nlstools: Tools for Nonlinear Regression Analysis. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlstools (2015).
82. Muggeo, V. M. R. segmented: Regression Models with Break-Points Change-Points Estimation. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=segmented (2017).
83. EPA. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990–2015. (2017).
84. Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Haslinger, K. & Auer, I. The climate of the European Alps: Shift of very high resolution Köppen-Geiger climate zones 1800–2100. Meteorol. Z. 26, 115–125 (2016).
85. NOAA. C-CAP2006-2010-Era Land Cover Change Data. (2013).
86. Bates, D., et al lme4: Linear Mixed-Effects Models using ‘Eigen’ and S4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4 (2018).
87. Lüdecke, D. sjstats: Collection of Convenient Functions for Common Statistical Computations. URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sjstats (2018).
88. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. 5 April 2016.
89. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographi(SSURGO) Database.
90. Esri Inc. ArcGIS Pro, United States, URL https://pro.arcgis.com 3 May 2017.
91. National Cooperative Soil Survey. National Cooperative Soil Survey Characterization Database.