Enhancing the isolation and performance of control planes for fog computing

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 18, Issue 10, 2018, Pages

  Lee, Kyungwoon ^a   Lee, Chiyoung ^b   Hong, Cheol Ho ^c   Yoo, Chuck ^a  

^a Korea University   (South Korea)

^b KT Cooperation   (South Korea)

^c Chung Ang University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Fog computing; Linux network stack; Software defined networking

Indexed keywords

DATA HANDLING; FOG; INTERNET OF THINGS; LINUX; SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING;

COMMODITY HARDWARE; COMPUTING RESOURCE; DECOUPLED CONTROL; EXECUTION ENVIRONMENTS; NETWORK STACK; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES; PACKET PROCESSING; SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING (SDN);

FOG COMPUTING;

EID: 85054072374     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s18103267     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Moreno-Vozmediano, R.; Montero, R.S.; Huedo, E.; Llorente, I.M. Cross-site virtual network in cloud and fog computing. IEEE Cloud Comput. 2017, 2, 46–53. [CrossRef]
2. Hakiri, A.; Sellami, B.; Patil, P.; Berthou, P.; Gokhale, A. Managing Wireless Fog Networks using Software-Defined Networking. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE/ACS 14th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), Hammamet, Tunisia, 30 October–3 November 2017; pp. 1149–1156.
3. Yi, S.; Li, C.; Li, Q. A survey of fog computing: Concepts, applications and issues. In Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Mobile Big Data, Hangzhou, China, 21 June 2015; pp. 37–42.
4. Yu, W.; Liang, F.; He, X.; Hatcher, W.G.; Lu, C.; Lin, J.; Yang, X. A survey on the edge computing for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 2017, 6, 6900–6919. [CrossRef]
5. Willis, D.; Dasgupta, A.; Banerjee, S. ParaDrop: A multi-tenant platform to dynamically install third party services on wireless gateways. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture, Maui, HI, USA, 11 September 2014; pp. 43–48.
6. Hong, K.; Lillethun, D.; Ramachandran, U.; Ottenwälder, B.; Koldehofe, B. Mobile fog: A programming model for large-scale applications on the internet of things. In Proceedings of the Second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, Hong Kong, China, 16 August 2013; pp. 15–20.
7. Satyanarayanan, M.; Chen, Z.; Ha, K.; Hu, W.; Richter, W.; Pillai, P. Cloudlets: At the leading edge of mobile-cloud convergence. In Proceedings of the 2014 6th International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications and Services (MobiCASE), Austin, TX, USA, 6–7 November 2014; pp. 1–9.
8. Kreutz, D.; Ramos, F.M.; Verissimo, P.E.; Rothenberg, C.E.; Azodolmolky, S.; Uhlig, S. Software-defined networking: A comprehensive survey. Proc. IEEE 2015, 103, 14–76. [CrossRef]
9. Zhao, Y.; Iannone, L.; Riguidel, M. On the performance of SDN controllers: A reality check. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Network (NFV-SDN), San Francisco, CA, USA, 18–21 November 2015; pp. 79–85.
10. Bera, S.; Misra, S.; Vasilakos, A.V. Software-defined networking for internet of things: A survey. IEEE Int. Things J. 2017, 4, 1994–2008. [CrossRef]
11. Shin, S.; Song, Y.; Lee, T.; Lee, S.; Chung, J.; Porras, P.; Yegneswaran, V.; Noh, J.; Kang, B.B. Rosemary: A robust, secure, and high-performance network operating system. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, 3–7 November 2014; pp. 78–89.
12. Betgé-Brezetz, S.; Kamga, G.B.; Tazi, M. Trust support for SDN controllers and virtualized network applications. In Proceedings of the 2015 1st IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), London, UK, 13–17 April 2015; pp. 1–5.
13. Scott, C.; Wundsam, A.; Raghavan, B.; Panda, A.; Or, A.; Lai, J.; Huang, E.; Liu, Z.; El-Hassany, A.; Whitlock, S.; et al. Troubleshooting blackbox SDN control software with minimal causal sequences. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 2015, 44, 395–406. [CrossRef]
14. Porras, P.A.; Cheung, S.; Fong, M.W.; Skinner, K.; Yegneswaran, V. Securing the Software Defined Network Control Layer; NDSS: New York, NY, USA, 2015.
15. Yoon, C.; Lee, S.; Kang, H.; Park, T.; Shin, S.; Yegneswaran, V.; Porras, P.; Gu, G. Flow wars: Systemizing the attack surface and defenses in software-defined networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 2017, 6, 3514–3530. [CrossRef]
16. Dalton, M.; Schultz, D.; Adriaens, J.; Arefin, A.; Gupta, A.; Fahs, B.; Rubinstein, D.; Zermeno, E.C.; Rubow, E.; Docauer, J.A.; et al. Andromeda: Performance, Isolation, and Velocity at Scale in Cloud Network Virtualization. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2018. Available online: https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdi18/nsdi18-dalton.pdf (accessed on 11 June 2018).
17. Yang, G.; Yu, B.Y.; Jeong, W.; Yoo, C. FlowVirt: Flow Rule Virtualization for Dynamic Scalability of Programmable Network Virtualization. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cloud Computing, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2018; pp. 350–358.
18. Rizzo, L. Netmap: A novel framework for fast packet I/O. In Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 12), Bellevue, WA, USA, 8–10 August 2012; pp. 101–112.
19. Tootoonchian, A.; Gorbunov, S.; Ganjali, Y.; Casado, M.; Sherwood, R. On Controller Performance in Software-Defined Networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Management of Internet, Cloud, and Enterprise Networks and Services, San Jose, CA, USA, 24 April 2012; p. 10
20. Drutskoy, D.; Keller, E.; Rexford, J. Scalable network virtualization in software-defined networks. IEEE Int. Comput. 2013, 17, 20–27. [CrossRef]
21. Jin, X.; Gossels, J.; Rexford, J.; Walker, D. Covisor: A compositional hypervisor for software-defined networks. In Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15), Oakland, CA, USA, 4–6 May 2015; pp. 87–101.
22. Renart, E.G.; Zhang, E.Z.; Nath, B. Towards a GPU SDN controller. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference and Workshops on Networked Systems (NetSys), Cottbus, Germany, 9–12 March 2015; pp. 1–5.
23. Porras, P.; Shin, S.; Yegneswaran, V.; Fong, M.; Tyson, M.; Gu, G. A security enforcement kernel for OpenFlow networks. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networks, Helsinki, Finland, 13 August 2012; pp. 121–126.
24. Luo, T.; Tan, H.P.; Quan, P.C.; Law, Y.W.; Jin, J. Enhancing responsiveness and scalability for OpenFlow networks via control-message quenching. In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC), Jeju Island, Korea, 15–17 October 2012; pp. 348–353.
25. Li, Y.; Dong, L.; Qu, J.; Zhang, H. Multiple controller management in software defined networking. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications and Communications (SCAC), Weihai, China, 26–27 July 2014; pp. 70–75.
26. Jeong, E.; Woo, S.; Jamshed, M.A.; Jeong, H.; Ihm, S.; Han, D.; Park, K. mTCP: A Highly Scalable User-Level TCP Stack for Multicore Systems. NSDI, 2014; pp. 489–502. Available online: https://www.usenix.org/node/179774 (accessed on 28 September 2018).
27. Intel Data Plane Development Kit. Available online: http://dpdk.org (accessed on 2 July 2018).
28. Gelberger, A.; Yemini, N.; Giladi, R. Performance analysis of software-defined networking (SDN). In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, San Francisco, CA, USA, 14–16 August 2013; pp. 389–393.
29. Erickson, D. The beacon openflow controller. In Proceedings of the Second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networking, Hong Kong, China, 16 August 2013; pp. 13–18.
30. Phemius, K.; Bouet, M.; Leguay, J. Disco: Distributed multi-domain SDN controllers. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), Krakow, Poland, 5–9 May 2014; pp. 1–4.
31. Floodlight Project. Available online: http://www.projectfloodlight.org/(accessed on 2 July 2018).
32. HP. SDN Controller Architecture; Technical Report; HP: Palo Alto, CA, USA, 2013.
33. Tootoonchian, A.; Ganjali, Y. HyperFlow: A distributed control plane for OpenFlow. In Proceedings of the 2010 Internet Network Management Conference on Research on Enterprise Networking, 2010; p. 3. Available online: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/inmwren10/tech/full_papers/Tootoonchian.pdf (accessed on 11 June 2018).
34. Koponen, T.; Casado, M.; Gude, N.; Stribling, J.; Poutievski, L.; Zhu, M.; Ramanathan, R.; Iwata, Y.; Inoue, H.; Hama, T.; et al. Onix: A Distributed Control Platform for Large-Scale Production Networks; OSDI: 2010; Volume 10, pp. 1–6. Available online: http://static.usenix.org/events/osdi10/tech/full_papers/Koponen. pdf (accessed on 11 June 2018).
35. Ng, E. Maestro: A System for Scalable Openflow Control; Rice University: Houston, TX, USA, 2010.
36. Banikazemi, M.; Olshefski, D.; Shaikh, A.; Tracey, J.; Wang, G. Meridian: An SDN platform for cloud network services. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2013, 51, 120–127. [CrossRef]
37. Gude, N.; Koponen, T.; Pettit, J.; Pfaff, B.; Casado, M.; McKeown, N.; Shenker, S. NOX: Towards an operating system for networks. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 2008, 38, 105–110. [CrossRef]
38. Medved, J.; Varga, R.; Tkacik, A.; Gray, K. Opendaylight: Towards a model-driven sdn controller architecture. In Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Sydney, Australia, 19 June 2014.
39. Berde, P.; Gerola, M.; Hart, J.; Higuchi, Y.; Kobayashi, M.; Koide, T.; Lantz, B.; O’Connor, B.; Radoslavov, P.; Snow, W.; et al. ONOS: Towards an open, distributed SDN OS. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networking, Chicago, IL, USA, 22 August 2014; pp. 1–6.
40. Ferguson, A.D.; Guha, A.; Liang, C.; Fonseca, R.; Krishnamurthi, S. Participatory networking: An API for application control of SDNs. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM, Hong Kong, China, 12–16 August 2013; Volume 43, pp. 327–338.
41. McCauley, M. POX. 2012. Available online: http://www.noxrepo.org/(accessed on 11th June 2018).
42. Telegraph, N.; Corporation, T. RYU Network Operating System. 2012. Available online: https://ryu. readthedocs.io/(accessed on 11 June 2018).
43. Botelho, F.; Bessani, A.; Ramos, F.M.; Ferreira, P. On the design of practical fault-tolerant SDN controllers. In Proceedings of the 2014 Third European Workshop on Software Defined Networks, London, UK, 1–3 September 2014; pp. 73–78.
44. Sasaki, T.; Perrig, A.; Asoni, D.E. Control-plane isolation and recovery for a secure SDN architecture. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE NetSoft Conference and Workshops (NetSoft), Seoul, Korea, 6–10 June 2016; pp. 459–464.
45. Monitoring and Tuning the Linux Networking Stack: Sending Data. Available online: https://blog. packagecloud.io/eng/2017/02/06/monitoring-tuning-linux-networking-stack-sending-data (accessed on 11 June 2018).
46. Farinacci, D.; Li, T.; Hanks, S.; Meyer, D.; Traina, P. RFC 2784—Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE); IETF: Fremont, CA, USA, 2000.
47. Benson, T.; Akella, A.; Maltz, D.A. Network traffic characteristics of data centers in the wild. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Melbourne, Australia, 1–30 November 2010; pp. 267–280.
48. Wang, P.; Xu, H.; Huang, L.; Qian, C.; Wang, S.; Sun, Y. Minimizing Controller Response Time through Flow Redirecting in SDNs. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 2018, 26, 562–575. [CrossRef]
49. Yeganeh, S.; Tootoonchian, A.; Ganjali, Y. On scalability of software-defined networking. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2013, 2, 136–141. [CrossRef]
50. Garfinkel, T.; Pfaff, B.; Chow, J.; Rosenblum, M.; Boneh, D. Terra: A virtual machine-based platform for trusted computing. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Bolton Landing, NY, USA, 19–22 October 2003; Volume 37, pp. 193–206.
51. Koponen, T.; Amidon, K.; Balland, P.; Casado, M.; Chanda, A.; Fulton, B.; Ganichev, I.; Gross, J.; Ingram, P.; Jackson, E.; et al. Network virtualization in multi-tenant datacenters. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 14), Seattle, WA, USA, 2–4 April 2014; pp. 203–216.
52. CVE Details. Available online: http://www.cvedetails.com (accessed on 11 June 2018).
53. Santos, J.R.; Turner, Y.; Janakiraman, G.J.; Pratt, I. Bridging the Gap between Software and Hardware Techniques for I/O Virtualization. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Boston, MA, USA, 22–27 June 2008; pp. 29–42.
54. Liao, G.; Guo, D.; Bhuyan, L.; King, S.R. Software techniques to improve virtualized I/O performance on multi-core systems. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems, San Jose, CA, USA, 6–7 November 2008; pp. 161–170.
55. Intel. PCI-SIG SR-IOV Primer: An Introduction to SR-IOV Technology; Intel: Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2011.
56. Firestone, D.; Putnam, A.; Mundkur, S.; Chiou, D.; Dabagh, A.; Andrewartha, M.; Angepat, H.; Bhanu, V.; Caulfield, A.; Chung, E.; et al. Azure Accelerated Networking: SmartNICs in the Public Cloud. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18), 2018. Available online: https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/conference/protected-files/nsdi18_slides_firestone.pdf (accessed on 11 June 2018).
57. Kim, J.; Jang, K.; Lee, K.; Ma, S.; Shim, J.; Moon, S. NBA (network balancing act): A high-performance packet processing framework for heterogeneous processors. In Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems, Bordeaux, France, 21–24 April 2015; p. 22.
58. Yasukata, K.; Huici, F.; Maffione, V.; Lettieri, G.; Honda, M. HyperNF: Building a high performance, high utilization and fair NFV platform. In Proceedings of the 2017 Symposium on Cloud Computing, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 24–27 September 2017; pp. 157–169.
59. Thimmaraju, K.; Shastry, B.; Fiebig, T.; Hetzelt, F.; Seifert, J.P.; Feldmann, A.; Schmid, S. Taking control of sdn-based cloud systems via the data plane. In Proceedings of the Symposium on SDN Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 28–29 March 2018; p. 1.
60. Heller, B.; Sherwood, R.; McKeown, N. The controller placement problem. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networks, Helsinki, Finland, 13 August 2012; pp. 7–12.
61. OpenFlow Switch Specification. Available online: https://www.opennetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/openflow-switch-v1.5.1.pdf (accessed on 16 August 2018).
62. Bahl, V. Cloudlets for Mobile Computing. 2014. Available online: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Cloudlets-for-Mobile-Computing.pdf (accessed on 16 August 2018).