The concept of neurogenic inflammation in the respiratory tract

Neuropeptides in Respiratory Medicine

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 321-350

  McDonald, Donald M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MAMMALS;

GUINEA PIGS; RESPIRATORY TRACT; SENSORY NERVES; VASCULAR PERMEABILITY;

PATHOLOGY;

EID: 85052487656     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203745915     Document Type: Chapter

References (231)

1. Jancsó, N. (1960). Role of the nerve terminals in the mechanism of inflammatory reactions. Bull. Millard Fillmore Hosp. (Buffalo, NY) 7: 53-77.
2. Jancsó, N., Jancsó-Gábor, A., and Szolcsanyi, J. (1967). Direct evidence for neurogenic inflammation and its prevention by denervation and by pretreatment with capsaicin. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 31: 138-151.
3. Jancsó, N., Jancsó-Gábor, A., and Szolcsányi, J. (1968). The role of sensory nerve endings in neurogenic inflammation induced in human skin and in the eye and paw of the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 33: 32-41.
4. Bayliss, W.M. (1901). On the origin from the spinal cord of the vaso-dilator fibres of the hindlimb, and on the nature of these fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 26: 173-209.
5. Langley, J.N. (1900). On axon-reflexes in the pre-ganglionic fibres of the sympathetic system. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 25: 364-398.
6. Bruce, A.N. (1910). Uber die Beziehung der sensiblen Nervenendigungen zum Entzundungsvorgang. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 63: 424-433.
7. Bruce, A.N. (1913). Vaso-dilator axon-reflexes. Q.J. Exp. Physiol. 6: 339-354.
8. Lewis, T. (1927). Mechanism of the flare and of the wheal. (1927) In: The Blood Vessels of the Human Skin and Their Responses. (Lewis, T., ed.). Chicago Medical Book Company, Chicago, pp. 67-80.
9. Celander, O., and Folkow, B. (1953). The nature and the distribution of afferent fibres provided with the axon reflex arrangement. Acta Physiol. Scand. 29: 359-370.
10. Chapman, L.F., Ramos, A.O., Goodell, H., and Wolff, H.G. (1961). Neurohumoral features of afferent fibres in man. Arch. Neurol. 4: 617-650.
11. Chapman, L.F, and Goodell, H. (1964). The participation of the nervous system in the inflammatory reaction. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 161: 21-29.
12. Lynn, B. (1988). Neurogenic inflammation. Skin Pharmacol. 1: 217-224.
13. Gaylor, J.B. (1934). The intrinsic nervous mechanism of the human lung. Brain 57: 143-160.
14. Adami, J.G. (1907). Inflammation. An Introduction to the Study of Pathology, 3rd ed., Macmillan, New York.
15. Lundberg, J.M., and Saria, A. (1982). Capsaicin-sensitive vagal neurons involved in control of vascular permeability in rat trachea. Acta Physiol. Scand. 775: 521-523.
16. Lundberg, J.M., and Saria, A. (1983). Capsaicin-induced desensitization of airway mucosa to cigarette smoke, mechanical and chemical irritants. Nature 302: 251-253.
17. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Brodin, E., Rosell, S., and Folkers, K. (1983). A substance P antagonist inhibits vagally induced increase in vascular permeability and bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the guinea pig. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 1120-1124.
18. Lundberg, J.M., Martling, C.R., Saria, A., Folkers, K., and Rosell, S. (1983). Cigarette smoke-induced airway oedema due to activation of capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents and substance P release. Neuroscience 70: 1361-1368.
19. Lundberg, J.M., Brodin, E., and Saria, A. (1983). Effects and distribution of vagal capsaicin-sensitive substance P neurons with special reference to the trachea and lungs. Acta Physiol. Scand. 779: 243-252.
20. Umeno, E., McDonald, D.M., and Nadel, J.A. (1990). Hypertonic saline increases vascular permeability in the rat trachea by producing neurogenic inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 85: 1905-1908.
21. Sakamoto, T., El wood, W., Barnes, P.J., and Chung, K.E (1992). Pharmacological modulation of inhaled sodium metabisulphite-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig. Br. J. Pharmacol. 707: 481-487.
22. Ray, D.W., Hernandez, C., Leff, A.R., Drazen, J.M., and Solway, J. (1989). Tachykinins mediate bronchoconstriction elicited by isocapnic hyperpnea in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 1108-1112.
23. Garland, A., Ray, D.W., Doerschuk, C.M., Alger, L., Eappon, S. Hernandez, C., et al. (1991). Role of tachykinins in hyperpnea-induced bronchovascular hyperpermeability in guinea pigs. J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 27-35.
24. Lundberg, J.M., Hokfelt, T., Martling, C.R., Saria, A., and Cuello, C. (1984). Substance P-immunoreactive sensory nerves in the lower respiratory tract of various mammals including man. Cell. Tissue Res. 235: 251-261.
25. Hua, X.Y., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Brodin, E., Lundberg, J.M., and Hokfelt, T. (1985). Multiple tachykinins (neurokinin A, neuropeptide K and substance P) in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in the guinea-pig. Regul. Pept. 73: 1-19.
26. Lundberg, J.M., Martling, C.-R., and Hökfelt, T. (1988). Airways, oral cavity and salivary glands: classical transmitters and peptides in sensory and autonomic motor neurons. In: Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Vol. 6. The Peripheral Nervous System. (Bjorklund, A., Hokfelt, T., and Owman, C., eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 391-444.
27. Baluk, P., Nadel, J.A., and McDonald, D.M. (1992). Substance P-immunoreactive sensory axons in the rat respiratory tract: a quantitative study of their distribution and role in neurogenic inflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 379: 586-598.
28. Kummer, W., Fischer, A., Kurkowski, R., and Heym, C. (1992). The sensory and sympathetic innervation of guinea-pig lung and trachea as studied by retrograde neuronal tracing and double-labelling immunohistochemistry. Neuroscience 49: 715-737.
29. Lundberg, J.M., Saria, A., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Brodin, E., Hua, X.-Y., Martling, C.-R., et al. (1985). Multiple tachykinins in capsaicin-sensitive afferents: occurrence, release and biological effects with special reference to irritation of the airways. In: Tachykinin Antagonists. (Hakånson, R., and Sundler, E, eds.) Elsevier North-Holland, New York, pp. 159-169.
30. Saria, A., Martling, C.R., Yan, Z., Theodorsson-Norheim, E., Gamse, R., and Lundberg, J.M. (1988). Release of multiple tachykinins from capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in the lung by bradykinin, histamine, dimethylphenyl piperazinium, and vagal nerve stimulation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 137: 1330-1335.
31. Martins, M.A., Shore, S.A., and Drazen, J.M. (1991). Release of tachykinins by histamine, methacholine, PAF, LTD4, and substance P from guinea pig lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 261: L449-L455.
32. Hua, X.Y., and Yaksh, T.L. (1992). Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and tachykinins from the rat trachea. Peptides 13: 113-120.
33. Terenghi, G., McGregor, G.P., Bhuttacharji, S., Wharton, J., Bloom, S.R., and Polak, J.M. (1983). Vagal origin of substance P-containing nerves in the guinea pig lung. Neurosci. Lett. 36: 229-239.
34. Lundberg, J.M., Brodin, E., Hua, X., and Saria, A. (1984). Vascular permeability changes and smooth muscle contraction in relation to capsaicin-sensitive substance P afferents in the guinea-pig. Acta Physiol. Scand. 120: 217-221.
35. Cadieux, A., Springall, D.R., Mulderry, P.K., Rodrigo, J., Ghatei, M.A., Terenghi, G., et al. (1986). Occurrence, distribution and ontogeny of CGRP immunoreactivity in the rat lower respiratory tract: effect of capsaicin treatment and surgical denervations. Neuroscience 79: 605-627.
36. Springall, D.R., Cadieux, A., Oliveira, H., Su, H., Royston, D., and Polak, J.M. (1987). Retrograde tracing shows that CGRP-immunoreactive nerves of rat trachea and lung originate from vagal and dorsal root ganglia. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 20: 155-166.
37. McDonald, D.M., Mitchell, R.A., Gabella, G., and Haskell, A. (1988). Neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. II. Identity and distribution of nerves mediating the increase in vascular permeability. J. Neurocytol. 77: 605-628.
38. Dalsgaard, C.J., and Lundberg, J.M. (1984). Evidence for a spinal afferent innervation of the guinea pig lower respiratory tract as studied by the horseradish peroxidase technique. Neurosci. Lett. 23: 117-122.
39. Saria, A., Martling, C.R., Dalsgaard, C.J., and Lundberg, J.M. (1985). Evidence for substance P-immunoreactive spinal afferents that mediate bronchoconstriction. Acta Physiol. Scand. 725: 407-414.
40. Saria, A., Lundberg, J.M., Skofitsch, G., and Lembeck, E (1983). Vascular protein linkage in various tissues induced by substance P, capsaicin, bradykinin, serotonin, histamine and by antigen challenge. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 324: 212-218.
41. Abelli, L., Maggi, C.A., Rovero, P., Del Bianco, E., Regoli, D., Drapeau, G., et al. (1991). Effect of synthetic tachykinin analogues on airway microvascular leakage in rats and guinea-pigs: evidence for the involvement of NK-1 receptors. J. Auton. Pharmacol. 77: 267-275.
42. Abelli, L., Nappi, F., Maggi, C.A., Rovero, P., Astolfi, M., Regoli, D., etal. (1991). NK-1 receptors and vascular permeability in rat airways. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 632: 358-359.
43. Delay-Goyet, P., and Lundberg, J.M. (1991). Cigarette smoke-induced airway oedema is blocked by the NK1 antagonist, CP-96,345. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2: 157-158.
44. Delay-Goyet, P, Franco, C.A., Gonsalves, S.E, Clingan, C.A., Lowe, J., and Lundberg, J.M. (1992). CP-96,345 antagonism of NK1 receptors and smokeinduced protein extravasation in relation to its cardiovascular effects. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 222: 213-218.
45. Lei, Y.H., Barnes, PJ., and Rogers, D.E (1992). Inhibition of neurogenic plasma exudation in guinea-pig airways by CP-96,345, a new non-peptide NK1 receptor antagonist. Br. J. Pharmacol. 705: 261-262.
46. Murai, M., Morimoto, H., Maeda, Y., and Fujii, T. (1992). Effects of the tripeptide substance P antagonist, FR113680, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins in guinea pigs. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 277: 23-29.
47. Sakamoto, T., Barnes, P.J., and Chung, K.E (1993). Effect of CP-96,345, a nonpeptide NK1 receptor antagonist, against substance P-induced, bradykinin-induced and allergen-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 237: 31-38.
48. 2 receptors mediate plasma extravasation in guinea-pig lower airways. Br. J. Pharmacol. 705: 383-386.
49. Bunnett, N.W., Vigna, S., Bowden, J.J., McDonald, D.M., Fisher, J., Okamoto, A., et al. (1993). Antibodies to the substance P receptor (SPR NK1) and to a chimeric Flag-SPR expressed in mammalian cells. FASEB J. 7: A183.
50. Carstairs, J., and Barnes, P (1986). Autoradiographic mapping of substance P receptors in lung. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 727: 295-296.
51. Hoover, D., and Hancock, J. (1987). Autoradiographic localization of substance P binding sites in guinea-pig airways. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 79: 171-174.
52. Sertl, K., Wiedermann, C.J., Kowalski, M.L., Hurtado, S., Plutchok, J., Linnoila, I., et al. (1988). Substance P: the relationship between receptor distribution in rat lung and the capacity of substance P to stimulate vascular permeability. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 735: 151-159.
53. O’Flynn, N.M., Helme, R.D., Watkins, D.J., and Burcher, E. (1989). Autoradio graphic localization of substance P binding sites in rat footpad skin. Neurosci. Lett. 106: 43-48.
54. Nimmo, A.J., Whitaker, E.M., Carstairs, J.R., and Morrison, J.EB. (1989). The autoradiographic localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P receptors in human fallopian tube. Q.J. Exp. Physiol. 74: 955-958.
55. Black, J., Diment, L., Armour, C., Alouan, L., and Johnson, R (1990). Distribution of substance P receptors in rabbit airways, functional and autoradiographic studies. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253: 381-386.
56. Kummer, W., Fischer, A., Preissler, U., Couraud, J.-Y., and Heym, C. (1990). Immunohistochemistry of the guinea-pig trachea using an anti-idiotypic antibody recognizing substance P receptors. Histochemistry 93: 541-546.
57. Kummer, W., Fischer, A., Couraud, J.-Y., and Heym, C. (1991). Immunohistochemistry of peptides (substance P and VIP) and peptide receptors in the trachea. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 33: 121-123.
58. Fischer, A., Kummer, W., Couraud, J.-Y., Adler, D., Branscheid, D., and Heym, C. (1992). Immunohistochemical localization of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P in human trachea. Lab. Invest. 67: 387-393.
59. Lundberg, J.M., Franco, C.A., Hua, X., Hökfelt, T., and Fischer, J.A. (1985). Coexistence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivities in sensory nerves in relation to cardiovascular and bronchoconstrictor effects of capsaicin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 108: 315-319.
60. Luts, A., Widmark, E., Ekman, R., Waldeck, B., and Sundler, E (1990). Neuropeptides in guinea-pig trachea: distribution and evidence for the release of CGRP into tracheal lumen. Peptides 77: 1211-1216.
61. Terada, M., Iwanaga, T., Takahashiiwanaga, H., Adachi, I., Arakawa, M., and Fujita, T. (1992). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerves in the tracheal epithelium of rats: an immunohistochemical study by means of whole mount preparations. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 55: 219-233.
62. Baluk, P., Nadel, J. A., and McDonald, D.M. (1993). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in secretory granules of serous cells in the rat tracheal epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 5: 446-453.
63. Carstairs, J.R. (1987). Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the lung. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 140: 351-358.
64. Mak, J., and Barnes, P.J. (1988). Autoradiographic localization of calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) binding sites in human and guinea-pig lung. Peptides 9: 957-963.
65. Barnes, P.J., Baraniuk, J.N., and Belvisi, M.G. (1991). Neuropeptides in the respiratory tract. Part I.I. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 744: 1391-1399.
66. Martling, C.R. (1987). Sensory nerves containing tachykinins and CGRP in the lower airways. Functional implications for bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and protein extravasation. Acta Physiol. Scand. 563 (Suppl.): l-57.
67. Martling, C.R., Saria, A., Fischer, J.A., Hökfelt, T., and Lundberg, J.M. (1988). Calcitonin gene-related peptide and the lung: neuronal coexistence with substance P, release by capsaicin and vasodilatory effect. Regul. Pept. 20: 125-139.
68. Stjärne, P, Lundblad, L., Änggård, A., Hökfelt, T., and Lundberg, J.M. (1989). Tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide: co-existence in sensory nerves of the nasal mucosa and effects on blood flow. Cell. Tissue Res. 256: 439-446.
69. Brokaw, J.J., and White, G.W. (1992). Calcitonin gene-related peptide potentiates substance P-induced plasma extravasation in the rat trachea. Lung 770: 85-93.
70. Brain, S.D., and Williams, T.J. (1985). Inflammatory oedema induced by synergism between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and mediators of increased vascular permeability. Br. J. Pharmacol. 86: 855-860.
71. Gamse, R., and Saria, A. (1985). Potentiation of tachykinin-induced plasma protein extravasation by calcitonin gene-related peptide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 114: 61-66.
72. Raud, J., Lundberg, T., Broddajansen, G., Theodorsson, E., and Hedqvist, P (1991). Potent anti-inflammatory action of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 780: 1429-1435.
73. Lundblad, L., Saria, A., Lundberg, J.M., and Änggård, A. (1983). Increased vascular permeability in rat nasal mucosa induced by substance P and stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal neurons. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 96: 479-484.
74. McDonald, D.M. (1988). Neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. I. Changes in venules, leucocytes and epithelial cells. J. Neurocytol. 77: 583-603.
75. Petersson, G., Bacci, E., McDonald, D.M., and Nadel, J.A. (1993). Neurogenic plasma extravasation in the rat nasal mucosa is potentiated by peptidase inhibitors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264: 509-514.
76. McDonald, D.M. (1994) Endothelial gaps and permeability of venules of rat tracheas exposed to inflammatory stimuli. Am. J. Physiol, (in press).
77. Majno, G., and Palade, G.E. (1961). Studies on inflammation. I. The effect of histamine and serotonin on vascular permeability: an electron microscopic study. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 77: 571-604.
78. Clough, G., and Michel, C.C. (1988). The ultrastructure of frog microvessels following perfusion with the ionophore A23187. Q.J. Exp. Physiol. 73: 123-125.
79. Clough, G., Michel, C.C., and Phillips, M.E. (1988). Inflammatory changes in permeability and ultrastructure of single vessels in the frog mesenteric microcirculation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 395: 99-114.
80. Persson, C.G.A., and Erjefält, I.A.L. (1988). Nonneural and neural regulation of plasma exudation in airways. In: The Airways. Neural Control in Health and Disease.(Kaliner, M.A., and Barnes, P.J., eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 523-549.
81. Erjefält, I., and Persson, C.G.A. (1989). Inflammatory passage of plasma macromolecules into airway wall and lumen. Pulm. Pharmacol. 2: 93-102.
82. Luts, A., Sundler, E, Erjefalt, I., and Persson, C.G.A. (1990). The airway epithelial lining in guinea pigs is intact promptly after the mucosal crossing of a large amount of plasma exudate. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 97: 385-388.
83. Persson, C.G.A. (1990). Plasma exudation in tracheobronchial and nasal airways: a mucosal defence mechanism becomes pathogenic in asthma and rhinitis. Eur. Respir. J. 12 (Suppl.): 652s-657s.
84. Persson, C.G.A., Erjefält, I., Alkner, U., Baumgarten, C., Greiff, L., Gustafsson, B., et al. (1991). Plasma exudation as a first line respiratory mucosal defence. Clin. Exp. Allergy 27: 17-24.
85. Persson, C.G.A., Erjefält, I., Gustafsson, B., and Luts, A. (1990). Subepithelial hydrostatic pressure may regulate plasma exudation across the mucosa. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 92: 148-153.
86. Gustafsson, B.G., and Persson, C.G.A. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of increases in hydrostatic pressure on macromolecular movement across the airway mucosa. A study in guinea-pig tracheal tube preparations. Clin. Exp. Allergy 21: 121-126.
87. Erjefält, I., Luts, A., and Persson, C.G.A. (1993). Appearance of airway absorption and exudation tracers in guinea pig tracheobronchial lymph nodes. J. Appl. Physiol. 74: 817-824.
88. Umeno, E., Nadel, J.A., Huang, H.T., and McDonald, D.M. (1989). Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase potentiates neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 2641-2652.
89. Umeno, E., Nadel, J.A., and McDonald, D.M. (1990). Neurogenic inflammation of the rat trachea: fate of neutrophils that adhere to venules. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 2131-2136.
90. Katayama, M., Piedimonte, G., Nadel, J.A., and McDonald, D.M. (1993). Peptidase inhibitors reverse steroid-induced suppression of neutrophil adhesion in rat tracheal blood vessels. Am. J. Physiol. 264: L316-L322.
91. Helme, R.D., Eglezos, A., and Hosking, C.S. (1987). Substance P induces chemotaxis of neutrophils in normal and capsaicin-treated rats. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 65: 267-269.
92. Payan, D.G., and Goetzl, E.J. (1987). Substance P receptor-dependent responses of leukocytes in pulmonary inflammation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 736: S39-S43.
93. Öhlén, A., Thureson-Klein, Å., Lindbom, L., Persson, M.G., and Hedqvist, P. (1989). Substance P activates leukocytes and platelets in rabbit microvessels. Blood Vessels 26: 84-94.
94. Perianin, A., Snyderman, R., and Malfroy, B. (1989). Substance P primes human neutrophil activation: a mechanism for neurological regulation of inflammation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 767: 520-524.
95. McDonald, D. M. (1992). Infections intensify neurogenic plasma extravasation in the airway mucosa. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 746: S40-S44.
96. McDonald, D.M. (1988). Respiratory tract infections increase susceptibility to neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 737: 1432-1440.
97. Huang, H.T., Haskell, A., and McDonald, D.M. (1989). Changes in epithelial secretory cells and potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in the trachea of rats with respiratory tract infections. Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 780: 325-341.
98. McDonald, D.M., Schoeb, T.R., and Lindsey, J.R. (1991). Mycoplasma pulmonis infections cause long-lasting potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in the respiratory tract of the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 787-799.
99. Dusser, D.J., Jacoby, D.B., Djokic, T.D., Rubinstein, I., Borson, D.B., and Nadel, J.A. (1989). Virus induces airway hyperresponsiveness to tachykinins-role of neutral endopeptidase. J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 1504-1511.
100. Piedimonte, G., Nadel, J. A., Umeno, E., and McDonald, D. M. (1990). Sendai virus infection potentiates neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 754-760.
101. Schoeb, T.R., Davidson, M.K., and Lindsey, J.R. (1982). Intracage ammonia promotes growth of Mycoplasma pulmonis in the respiratory tract of rats. Infect. Immun. 38: 212-217.
102. Schoeb, T.R., Kervin, K.C., and Lindsey, J.R. (1985). Exacerbation of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in gnotobiotic F344/N rats by sendai virus infection. Vet. Pathol. 22: 272-282.
103. Schoeb, T.R., and Lindsey, J.R. (1987). Exacerbation of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis by sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in gnotobiotic F344 rats. Vet. Pathol. 24: 392-399.
104. Gamse, R. (1982). Capsaicin and nociception in the rat and mouse. Possible role of substance P Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 320: 205-216.
105. Keen, P., Tullo, A.B., Blyth, W.A., and Hill, T.J. (1982). Substance P in the mouse cornea: effects of chemical and surgical denervation. Neurosci. Lett. 29: 231-235.
106. Jancsó, G., Ferencsik, M., Such, G., Király, E., Nagy, A., and Bujdosó, M. (1985). Morphological effects of capsaicin and its analogues in newborn and adult mammals. In: Tachykinin Antagonists. (Hakanson, R., and Sundler, E, eds.) Elsevier North-Holland, New York, pp. 35-44.
107. Maggi, C.A., Giuliani, S., Santicioli, P., Abelli, L., Geppetti, P, Somma, V., et al. (1987). Species-related variations in the effects of capsaicin on urinary bladder functions: relation to bladder content of substance P-like immunoreactivity. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 336: 546-555.
108. Mantione, C. R., and Rodriguez, R. (1990). A bradykinin (BK) 1 receptor antagonist blocks capsaicin-induced ear inflammation in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 99: 516-518.
109. Gabór, M., and Rázga, Z. (1992). Development and inhibition of mouse ear oedema induced with capsaicin. Agents Actions 36: 83-86.
110. Szolcsányi, J., Sann, H., and Pierau, EK. (1986). Nociception in pigeons is not impaired by capsaicin. Pain 27: 247-260.
111. Pierau, E-K., Sann, H., Harti, G., and Szolcsányi, J. (1988). A possible mechanism for the absence of neurogenic inflammation in birds: Inappropriate release of peptides from small afferent nerves. Agents Actions 23: 12-13.
112. Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G., and Roberts, A.M. (1983). Rapid shallow breathing evoked by selective stimulation of airway fibres in dogs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 340: 415-433.
113. Jancsó, G., Király, E., Such, G., Joó, E, and Nagy, A. (1987). Neurotoxic effect of capsaicin in mammals. Acta Physiol. Hung. 69: 295-313.
114. Szolcsányi, J. (1987). Selective responsiveness of polymodal nociceptors of the rabbit ear to capsaicin, bradykinin and ultra-violet irradiation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 388: 9-23.
115. Maggi, C.H., and Meli, A. (1988). The sensory-efferent function of capsaicinsensitive sensory neurons. Gen. Pharmacol. 79: 1-43.
116. Martling, C.R., Matran, R., Alving, K., Lacroix, J.S., and Lundberg, J.M. (1989). Vagal vasodilatory mechanisms in the pig bronchial circulation preferentially involves sensory nerves. Neurosci. Lett. 30: 306-311.
117. Matran, R., Alving, K., Martling, C.R., Lacroix, J.S., and Lundberg, J.M. (1989). Effects of neuropeptides and capsaicin on tracheobronchial blood flow of the pig. Acta Physiol. Scand. 735: 335-342.
118. Coleridge, H.M., Coleridge, J.C.G., Green, J.F., and Parsons, G.H. (1992). Pulmonary C-fiber stimulation by capsaicin evokes reflex cholinergic bronchial vasodilation in sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 770-778.
119. Stjernschantz, J., Sears, M., and Mishima, H. (1982). Role of substance P in the antidromic vasodilation, neurogenic plasma extravasation and disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit eye. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 327: 329-335.
120. Ferrell, W.R., and Russell, N.J. (1986). Extravasation in the knee induced by antidromic stimulation of articular C fibre afferents of the anaesthetized cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 379: 407-416.
121. Lynn, B., and Shakhanbeh, J. (1988). Substance P content of the skin, neurogenic inflammation and numbers of C-fibres following capsaicin application to a cutaneous nerve in the rabbit. Neuroscience 24: 769-775.
122. Buckley, T.L., Brain, S.D., and Williams, T.J. (1990). Ruthenium red selectively inhibits oedema formation and increased blood flow induced by capsaicin in rabbit skin. Br. J. Pharmacol. 99: 1-8.
123. Glinsukon, T., Stitmunnaithum, V., Toskulkao, C., Buranawuti, T., and Tangkrisanavinont, V. (1980). Acute toxicity of capsaicin in several animal species. Toxicon 18: 215-220.
124. Lundberg, J.M., Alving, K., Karlsson, J.A., Matran, R., and Nilsson, G. (1991). Sensory neuropeptide involvement in animal models of airway irritation and of allergen-evoked asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143: 1429-1431.
125. Barnes, P.J. (1986). Asthma as an axon reflex. Lancet 1: 242-245.
126. Wolf, G. (1988). Neue Aspekte zur Pathogenese und Therapie der hyperreflektorischen Rhinopathie. Laryngol. Rhinol. Otol. (Stuttg.) 67: 438-445.
127. Joos, G.E (1989). The role of sensory neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1: 9-13.
128. Barnes, PJ., Belvisi, M.G., and Rogers, D.E (1990). Modulation of neurogenic inflammation: novel approaches to inflammatory disease. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11: 185-189.
129. Nadel, J. A. (1990). Decreased neutral endopeptidases: possible role in inflammatory diseases of airways. Lung 168 (Suppl.): 123-127.
130. Barnes, P.J. (1991). Sensory nerves, neuropeptides, and asthma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 629: 359-370.
131. Joos, G.E, and Pauwels, R.A. (1991). The bronchoconstrictor effect of sensory neuropeptides in man. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 629: 371-382.
132. Nadel, J.A. (1991). Mechanisms of inflammation and potential role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergy Proc. 72: 85-88.
133. Solway, J., and Leff, A.R. (1991). Sensory neuropeptides and airway function. J. Appl. Physiol. 71: 2077-2087.
134. Barnes, P.J. (1992). Neurogenic inflammation and asthma. J. Asthma 29: 165-180.
135. Barnes, PJ. (1987). Airway neuropeptides and airway disease. Ann. Ital. Med. Int. 2: 327-332.
136. Barnes, P.J. (1987). Neuropeptides in human airways: function and clinical implications. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 136: S11-S83.
137. Casale, T.B. (1987). Neuromechanisms of asthma. Ann. Allergy 59: 391-398.
138. Joos, G.EP, Pauwels, R.A.R., and Van Der Straeten, M.E.R.P. (1988). The role of neuropeptides as neurotransmitters of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves in bronchial asthma. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 23: 619-637.
139. Baraniuk, J.N., and Kaliner, M.A. (1990). Neuropeptides and nasal secretion. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 86: 620-627.
140. Baraniuk, J.N., and Kaliner, M. (1991). Neuropeptides and nasal secretion. Am. J. Physiol. 261: L223-L235.
141. Barnes, P.J. (1991). Neuropeptides and asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 743: S28-S32.
142. Casale, T.B. (1991). Neuropeptides and the lung. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 88: 1-14.
143. Barnes, PJ. (1992). Neural mechanisms in asthma. Br. Med. Bull. 48: 149-168.
144. Chanez, P., Godard, P, Lacoste, J.Y., Bousquet, J., and Michel, EB. (1992). Médiateurs et neuromédiateurs dans l’asthme. Presse Med. 27: 259-265.
145. Persson, C.G.A. (1986). Role of plasma exudation in asthmatic airways. Lancet 2: 1126-1129.
146. Persson, C.G.A. (1988). Plasma exudation and asthma. Lung 766: 1-23.
147. Barnes, P.J., Boschetto, P., Rogers, D.E, Belvisi, M., Roberts, N., Chung, K.E, et al. (1990). Effects of treatment on airway microvascular leakage. Eur. Respir. J. 12(Suppl.): 670s-671s.
148. Chung, K.E, Rogers, D.E, Barnes, P.J., and Evans, T.W. (1990). The role of increased airway microvascular permeability and plasma exudation in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 3: 329-337.
149. Persson, C.G.A (1991). Plasma exudation in the airways: mechanisms and function. Eur. Respir. J. 4: 1268-1274.
150. Yager, D., Shore, S., and Drazen, J.M. (1991). Airway luminal liquid. Sources and role as an amplifier of bronchoconstriction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 743: S52-S54.
151. Rogers, D.E, and Evans, T.W. (1992). Plasma exudation and oedema in asthma. Br. Med. Bull. 48: 120-134.
152. Bascom, R., Kagey, S.A., and Proud, D. (1991). Effect of intranasal capsaicin on symptoms and mediator release. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 259: 1323-1327.
153. Rajakulasingam, K., Polosa, R., Lau, L.C.K., Church, M.K., Holgate, S.T., and Howarth, PH. (1992). Nasal effects of bradykinin and capsaicin: influence on plasma protein leakage and role of sensory neurons. J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 1418-1424.
154. Collier, J.G., and Fuller, R.W (1984). Capsaicin inhalation in man and the effects of sodium cromoglycate. Br. J. Pharmacol. 81: 113-117.
155. Maxwell, D.L., Fuller, R.W, and Dixon, C.M.S. (1987). Ventilatory effects of inhaled capsaicin in man. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 31: 715-717.
156. Wolf, G., Loidolt, D., Saria, A., and Gamse, R. (1987). Änderungen des nasalen Volumsstromes nach lokaler Applikation des Neuropeptides Substanz-P und von Capsaicin. Laryngol. Rhinol. Otol. (Stuttg.) 66: 412-415.
157. Geppetti, P., Fusco, B.M., Marabini, S., Maggi, C.A., Fanciullacci, M., and Sicuteri, E (1988). Secretion, pain and sneezing induced by the application of capsaicin to the nasal mucosa in man. Br. J. Pharmacol. 93: 509-514.
158. Stjarne, P., Lundblad, L., Lundberg, J.M., and Änggård, A. (1989). Capsaicin and nicotine-sensitive afferent neurones and nasal secretion in healthy human volunteers and in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Br. J. Pharmacol. 96: 693-701.
159. Karlsson, J. A., and Persson, C. G. A. (1989). Novel peripheral neurotransmitters and control of the airways. Pharmacol. Ther. 43: 397-423.
160. Choudry, N.B., Fuller, R.W., Anderson, N., and Karlsson, J.A. (1990). Separation of cough and reflex bronchoconstriction by inhaled local anaesthetics. Eur. Respir. J. 3: 579-583.
161. Fuller, R.W. (1990). The human pharmacology of capsaicin. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 303: 147-156.
162. Hansson, L., Wollmer, P., Dahlbäck, M., and Karlsson, J.A. (1992). Regional sensitivity of human airways to capsaicin-induced cough. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145: 1191-1195.
163. Midgren, B., Hansson, L., Karlsson, J.A., Simonsson, B.G., and Persson, C.G.A. (1992). Capsaicin-induced cough in humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 746: 347-351.
164. Choudry, N.B., Studham, J., Harland, D., and Fuller, R.W. (1993). Modulation of capsaicin induced airway reflexes in humans: effect of monoamine oxidase inhibition. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 35: 184-187.
165. Fuller, R.W., Dixon, C.M., and Barnes, P.J. (1985). Bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled capsaicin in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 58: 1080-1084.
166. Fuller, R.W., Karlsson, J.A., Choudry, N.B., and Pride, N.B. (1988). Effect of inhaled and systemic opiates on responses to inhaled capsaicin in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 1125-1130.
167. Fuller, R.W., Maxwell, D.L., Dixon, C.M., McGregor, G.P., Barnes, V.E, Bloom, S.R., et al. (1987). Effect of substance P on cardiovascular and respiratory function in subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 1473-1479.
168. Devillier, P, Dessanges, J.E, Rakotosihanaka, E, Ghaem, A., Boushey, H.A., Lockhart, A., et al. (1988). Nasal response to substance P and methacholine in subjects with and without allergic rhinitis. Eur. Respir. J. 7: 356-361.
169. Braunstein, G., Fajac, I., Lacronique, J., and Frossard, N. (1991). Clinical and inflammatory responses to exogenous tachykinins in allergic rhinitis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144: 630-635.
170. Joos, G., Pauwels, R., and Van der Straeten, M. (1987). Effect of inhaled substance P and neurokinin A on the airways of normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 42: 779-783.
171. Cheung, D., Bel, E.H., Den Hartigh, J., Dijkman, J.H., and Sterk, PJ. (1992). The effect of an inhaled neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, thiorphan, on airway responses to neurokinin A in normal humans in vivo. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145: 1275-1280.
172. Nieber, K., Baumgarten, C., Witzel, A., Rathsack, R., Oehme, P, Brunnee, T., et al. (1991). The possible role of substance P in the allergic reaction, based on two different provocation models. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 94: 334-338.
173. Nieber, K., Baumgarten, C.R., Rathsack, R., Furkert, J., Oehme, P, and Kunkel, G. (1992). Substance P and p-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in lavage fluids of subjects with and without allergic asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 90: 646-652.
174. Nieber, K., Baumgarten, C., Rathsack, R., Furkert, J., Laake, E., Müller, S., et al. (1993). Effect of azelastine on substance P content in bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluids of patients with allergic asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 23: 69-71.
175. Tomaki, M., Ichinose, M., Nakajima, N., Miura, M., Yamauchi, H., Inoue, H., et al. (1993). Elevated substance P concentration in sputum after hypertonic saline inhalation in asthma and chronic bronchitis patients. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147: A478.
176. Chaen, T., Watanabe, N., Mogi, G., Mori, K., and Takeyama, M. (1993). Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in nasal secretions and plasma from patients with nasal allergy. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 102: 16-21.
177. Tønnesen, P., Hindberg, I., Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, O.B., and Mygind, N. (1988) Effect of nasal allergen challenge on serotonin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in plasma and nasal secretions. Allergy 43: 310-311.
178. Walker, K.B., Serwonska, M.H, Valone, EH., Harkonen, W.S., Frick, O.L., Scriven, K.H., et al. (1988). Distinctive patterns of release of neuroendocrine peptides after nasal challenge of allergic subjects with ryegrass antigen. J. Clin. Immunol. 8: 108-113.
179. Gallego, R., Garciacaballero, T., Roson, E., and Beiras, A. (1990). Neuroendocrine cells of the human lung express substance P-like immunoreactivity. Acta Anat. 139: 278-282.
180. Ichinose, M., Nakajima, N., Takahashi, T., Yamauchi, H., Inoue, H., and Takishima, T. (1992). Protection against bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients by neurokinin receptor antagonist. Lancet 340: 1248-1251.
181. Borson, D.B., Brokaw, J.J., Sekizawa, K., McDonald, D.M., and Nadel, J.A. (1989). Neutral endopeptidase and neurogenic inflammation in rats with respiratory infections. J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 2653-2658.
182. Nadel, J.A. (1990). Neutral endopeptidase modulation of neurogenic inflammation in airways. Eur. Respir. J. 12 (Suppl): 645s-651s.
183. Nadel, J.A., and Borson, D.B. (1991). Modulation of neurogenic inflammation by neutral endopeptidase. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 743: S33-S36.
184. Lötvall, J.O., Elwood, W., Tokuyama, K., Barnes, P.J., and Chung, K.E (1991). Differential effects of phosphoramidon on neurokinin A- and substance P-induced airflow obstruction and airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pig Br. J. Pharmacol. 704: 945-949.
185. Piedimonte, G., McDonald, D.M., and Nadel, J.A. (1991). Neutral endopeptidase and kininase II mediate glucocorticoid inhibition of neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 40-44.
186. Nadel, J.A. (1992). Regulation of neurogenic inflammation by neutral endopeptidase. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 745: S48-S52.
187. Shipp, M.A., Tarr, G.E., Chen, C.Y., Switzer, S.N., Hersh, L.B., Stein, H., et al. (1991). CDIO/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 hydrolyzes bombesin-like peptides and regulates the growth of small cell carcinomas of the lung. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 10662-10666.
188. Takaoka, M., Shiragami, K., Fujino, K., Miki, K., Miyake, Y., Yasuda, M., et al. (1991). Phosphoramidon-sensitive endothelin converting enzyme in rat lung. Biochem. Int. 25: 697-704.
189. Di Maria, G.U., Katayama, M., Borson, D.B., and Nadel, J.A. (1992). Neutral endopeptidase modulates endothelin-1-induced airway smooth muscle contraction in guinea-pig trachea. Regul. Pept. 39: 137-145.
190. Yamaguchi, T., Kohrogi, H., Kawano, O., Ando, M., and Araki, S. (1992). Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor potentiates endothelin-1-induced airway smooth muscle contraction. J. Appl. Physiol. 73: 1108-1113.
191. Di Maria, G.U., Bellofiore, S., Pennisi, A., Calgagirone, E, Ciancio, N., and Mistretta, A. (1993). Neutral endopeptidase inhibition increases airway response to inhaled metabisulfite in normal subjects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147: A838.
192. Honda, I., Kohrogi, H., Yamaguchi, T., Ando, M., and Araki, S. (1991). Enkephalinase inhibitor potentiates substance P - and capsaicin-induced bronchial smooth muscle contractions in humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143: 1416-1418.
193. Nichol, G.M., O’Connor, B.J., Lecomte, J.M., Chung, K.E, and Barnes, P.J. (1992). Effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on airway function and bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42: 491-494.
194. Ollerenshaw, S.L., Jarvis, D., Sullivan, C.E., and Woolcock, A.J. (1991). Substance P immunoreactive nerves in airways from asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Eur. Respir. J. 4: 673-682.
195. Howarth, PH., Djukanovic, R., Wilson, J.W., Holgate, S.T., Springall, D.R., and Polak, J.M. (1991). Mucosal nerves in endobronchial biopsies in asthma and nonasthma. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 94: 330-333.
196. Bowden, J., and Gibbins, I.L. (1992). Relative density of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) nerve fibres in the tracheal epithelium of a range of species. FASEB J. 6: A1276.
197. Laitinen, L.A., Laitinen, A., Panula, P.A., Partanen, M., Tervo, K., and Tervo, T. (1983). Immunohistochemical demonstration of substance P in the lower respiratory tract of the rabbit and not of man. Thorax 38: 531-536.
198. Fick, R., Jr., Metzger, W.J., Richerson, H.B., Zavala, D.C., Moseley, PL., Schoderbek, W.E., et al. (1987). Increased bronchovascular permeability after allergen exposure in sensitive asthmatics. J. Appl. Physiol. 53: 1147- 1155.
199. Lundblad, L., Ånggärd, A., and Lundberg, J.M. (1982). Vasodilation in the cat nasal mucosa induced by antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation. Acta Physiol. Scand. 775: 517-519.
200. Matran, R., Alving, K., Martling, C.R., Lacroix, J.S., and Lundberg, J.M. (1989). Vagally mediated vasodilatation by motor and sensory nerves in the tracheal and bronchial circulation of the pig. Acta Physiol. Scand. 735: 29-37.
201. Alving, K. (1991). Airways vasodilatation in the immediate allergic reaction. Involvement of inflammatory mediators and sensory nerves. Acta Physiol. Scand. 597 (Suppl.): 1-64.
202. Piedimonte, G., Hoffman, J.I.E., Husseini, W.K., Hiser, W.L., and Nadel, J.A. (1992). Effect of neuropeptides released from sensory nerves on blood flow in the rat airway microcirculation. J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 1563-1570.
203. Lundberg, J.M., and Saria, A. (1982). Bronchial smooth muscle contraction induced by stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 116: 473-476.
204. Lundberg, J.M., Martling, C.R., and Saria, A. (1983). Substance P and capsaicininduced contraction of human bronchi. Acta Physiol. Scand. 119: 49-53.
205. Karlsson, J.A., Finney, M.J., Persson, C.G.A., and Post, C. (1984). Substance P antagonists and the role of tachykinins in non-cholinergic bronchoconstriction. Life Sci. 24: 2681-2691.
206. Kröll, F, Karlsson, J.A., Lundberg, J.M., and Persson, C.G.A. (1990). Capsaicininduced bronchoconstriction and neuropeptide release in guinea pig perfused lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 1679-1687.
207. Grunstein, M.M., Tanaka, D.T., and Grunstein, J.S. (1984). Mechanism of substance P-induced bronchoconstriction in maturing rabbit. J. Appl. Physiol. 57: 1238-1246.
208. Tanaka, D.T., and Grunstein, M.M. (1984). Mechanisms of substance P-induced contraction of rabbit airway smooth muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 57: 1551-1557.
209. Kuo, H.P, Rohde, J.A.L., Tokuyama, K., Barnes, P.J., and Rogers, D.F (1990). Capsaicin and sensory neuropeptide stimulation of goblet cell secretion in guineapig trachea. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 431: 629-641.
210. Rogers, D.F, and Dewar, A. (1990). Neural control of airway mucus secretion. Biomed. Pharmacother. 44: 447-453.
211. Tokuyama, K., Kuo, H.P, Rohde, J.A.L., Barnes, PJ., and Rogers, D.F (1990). Neural control of goblet cell secretion in guinea pig airways. Am. J. Physiol. 259: L108-L115.
212. Baraniuk, J.N., Lundgren, J.D., Okayama, M., Goff, J., Mullol, J., Merida, M., et al. (1991). Substance P and neurokinin A in human nasal mucosa. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 4: 228-236.
213. Kondo, M., Tamaoki, J., and Takizawa, T. (1990). Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor potentiates the tachykinin-induced increase in ciliary beat frequency in rabbit trachea. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142: 403-406.
214. Wong, L.B., Miller, I.F, and Yeates, D.B. (1990). Stimulation of tracheal ciliary beat frequency by capsaicin. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 2574-2580.
215. Lindberg, S., and Dolata, J. (1993). NK1 receptors mediate the increase in mucociliary activity produced by tachykinins. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 231: 375-380.
216. Al-Bazzaz, FJ., Kelsey, J.G., and Kaage, W.D. (1985). Substance P stimulation of chloride secretion by canine tracheal mucosa. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 737: 86-89.
217. Rangachari, P.K., Me Wade, D., and Donoff, B. (1987). Luminal tachykinin receptors on canine tracheal epithelium: functional subtyping. Regul. Pept. 78: 101-108.
218. Mizoguchi, H., and Hicks, C.R. (1989). Effects of neurokinins on ion transport and sulfated macromolecule release in the isolated ferret trachea. Exp. Lung Res. 15: 837-848.
219. Sestini, P., Bienenstock, J., Crowe, S.E., Marshall, J.S., Stead, R.H., Kakuta, Y., et al. (1990). Ion transport in rat tracheal epithelium in vitro: role of capsaicinsensitive nerves in allergic reactions. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141: 393-397.
220. Ahlstedt, S., Alving, K., Hesselmar, B., and Olaisson, E. (1986). Enhancement of the bronchial reactivity in immunized rats by neonatal treatment with capsaicin. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 80: 262-266.
221. Payan, D.G., and Goetzl, E.J. (1986). Mediation of pulmonary immunity and hypersensitivity by neuropeptides. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 144 (Suppl.): 77-106.
222. Saria, A. (1988). Neuroimmune interactions in the airways: implications for asthma, allergy, and other inflammatory airway diseases. Brain Behav. Immun. 2: 318-321.
223. Nilsson, G., Alving, K., Lundberg, J.M., and Ahlstedt, S. (1991). Local immune response and bronchial reactivity in rats after capsaicin treatment. Allergy 46: 304-311.
224. Bertrand, C., Geppetti, P., Baker, J., Yamawaki, I., and Nadel, J.A. (1993). Role of neurogenic inflammation in antigen-induced vascular extravasation in guinea pig trachea. J. Immunol. 150: 1479-1485.
225. Spina, D., McKenniff, M.G., Coyle, A.J., Seeds, E.A.M., Tramontana, M., Perretti, F., et al. (1991). Effect of capsaicin on PAF-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary cell accumulation in the rabbit. Br. J. Pharmacol. 103: 1268-1274.
226. Riccio, M.M., Manzini, S., and Page, C.P (1993). The effect of neonatal capsaicin on the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in allergic rabbits. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 232: 89-91.
227. Abraham, W.M., Ahmed, A., Cortes, A., and Delehunt, J.C. (1993). C-fiber desensitization prevents airway hyperresponsiveness to cholinergic and antigenic stimuli after antigen challenge in allergic sheep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147: A478.
228. McDonald, D.M. (1994). Neurogenic inflammation in the airways. In: Autonomic Control of the Respiratory System. (Barnes, P, ed.) Harwood Academic Publishers* London (in press).
229. Barnes, P.J. (1991). Neurogenic inflammation in airways. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 94: 303-309.
230. Krootila, K., Oksala, O., Zschauer, A. Palkama, A., and Uusitalo, H. (1992). Inhibitory effect of methysergide on calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced vasodilatation and ocular irritative changes in the rabbit. Br. J. Pharmacol. 106: 404-408.
231. Maggi, C.A. (1992). Therapeutic potential of capsaicin-like molecules: studies in animals and humans. Life Sci. 51: 1777-1781.