Strategies to maximize influenza vaccine impact in older adults

Vaccine

Volumn 36, Issue 40, 2018, Pages 5940-5948

  Whitaker, Jennifer A ^a   von Itzstein, Mitchell S ^b   Poland, Gregory A ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adjuvants; Adult; Aged; Immunocompromised host; Immunologic; Influenza vaccines; Influenza, Human; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA VACCINE; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT;

ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY RATE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; AGE; AGED; ECONOMICS; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; SEASON; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VACCINATION; VERY ELDERLY;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH RESOURCES; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; INFLUENZA VACCINES; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; SEASONS; VACCINATION; VACCINATION COVERAGE;

EID: 85052196665     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: 18732518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.040     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Fiore, A.E., Shay, D.K., Broder, K., Iskander, J.K., Uyeki, T.M., Mootrey, G., et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep 58 (2009), 1–52.
2. Grohskopf, L.A., Sokolow, L.Z., Broder, K.R., Olsen, S.J., Karron, R.A., Jernigan, D.B., et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. MMWR Recomm Rep 65 (2016), 1–54.
3. Public Health Agency of Canada. An Advisory Committee Statement, National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), Canadian Immunization Guide Chapter on Influenza and Statement on Seasonal Influenza Vaccine for 2016–2017 Available at: < http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/naci-ccni/flu-2016-grippe-eng.php> [accessed March 27, 2017].
4. Immunise Australia Program. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) advice for immunisation providers regarding the administration of seasonal influenza vaccines in 2017. Available at: < http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/ATAGI-advice-influenza-vaccines-providers> [accessed March 27, 2017].
5. Palache, A., Oriol-Mathieu, V., Fino, M., Xydia-Charmanta, M., Influenza Vaccine Supply task f. Seasonal influenza vaccine dose distribution in 195 countries (2004-2013): little progress in estimated global vaccination coverage. Vaccine 33 (2015), 5598–5605.
6. National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; World Health Organization. Global Health and Aging. October 2011. Available at: < https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/publication/global-health-and-aging/humanitys-aging> [accessed April 15, 2017].
7. United Nations, DESA, Population Division. The changing balance between age groups. World Population Ageing, 1950–2050: United Nations; 2002. p. 15–22.
8. World Health Organization. Influenza (Seasonal). Fact sheet. Geneva: Media Center; November 2016. Available at: < http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/> [accessed March 27, 2017].
9. Iuliano, A.D., Roguski, K.M., Chang, H.H., Muscatello, D.J., Palekar, R., Tempia, S., et al. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet 391 (2018), 1285–1300.
10. CDC. Estimated Influenza Illnesses, Medical Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Averted by Vaccination in the United States. Available at: < https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/2015-16.htm> [accessed March 27, 2017].
11. Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza – United States, 1976-2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010; 59: 1057–62.
12. Thompson, W.W., Shay, D.K., Weintraub, E., Brammer, L., Bridges, C.B., Cox, N.J., et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA 292 (2004), 1333–1340.
13. Thompson, W.W., Comanor, L., Shay, D.K., Epidemiology of seasonal influenza: use of surveillance data and statistical models to estimate the burden of disease. J Infect Dis. 194:Suppl 2 (2006), S82–S91.
14. Cheng, P.Y., Palekar, R., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Iuliano, D., Alencar, A.P., Bresee, J., et al. Burden of influenza-associated deaths in the Americas, 2002–2008. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 9:Suppl 1 (2015), 13–21.
15. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report 2015 – Seasonal influenza. Stockholm: ECDC; 2016 Available from: < http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/seasonal_influenza/epidemiological_data/Pages/Annual-Epidemiological-Report.aspx> [accessed March 27, 2017].
16. Cohen, C., Walaza, S., Treurnicht, F.K., McMorrow, M., Madhi, S.A., McAnerney, J.M., et al. In- and out-of-hospital mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza and respiratory syncytial Virus in South Africa, 2009–2013. Clin Infect Dis 66 (2018), 95–103.
17. Wong, C.M., Yang, L., Chan, K.P., Leung, G.M., Chan, K.H., Guan, Y., et al. Influenza-associated hospitalization in a subtropical city. PLoS Med, 3, 2006, e121.
18. Park, M., Wu, P., Goldstein, E., Kim, W.J., Cowling, B.J., Influenza-associated excess mortality in South Korea. Am J Prev Med 50 (2016), e111–e119.
19. Ang, L.W., Yap, J., Lee, V., Chng, W.Q., Jaufeerally, F.R., Lam, C.S., et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases in the tropics. Am J Epidemiol, 1–8, 2017.
20. Neuzil, K.M., Bresee, J.S., de la Hoz, F., Johansen, K., Karron, R.A., Krishnan, A., et al. Data and product needs for influenza immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries: rationale and main conclusions of the WHO preferred product characteristics for next-generation influenza vaccines. Vaccine 35 (2017), 5734–5737.
21. Larson, H.J., de Figueiredo, A., Xiahong, Z., Schulz, W.S., Verger, P., Johnston, I.G., et al. The state of vaccine confidence 2016: global insights through a 67-country survey. EBioMedicine 12 (2016), 295–301.
22. Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., Denker, M.L., Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior – a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PLoS ONE, 12, 2017, e0170550.
23. World Health Assembly. Resolution WHA56.19. Prevention and control of influenza pandemics and annual epidemics; 2003. Available at: < http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/1_WHA56_19_Prevention_and_control_of_influenza_pandemics.pdf> [accessed March 29, 2017].
24. Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper – November 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012; 87: 461–76.
25. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2020. Immunization and Infectious diseases – objectives. Available at: < https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases/objectives> [accessed March 29, 2017].
26. Hirve, S., Lambach, P., Paget, J., Vandemaele, K., Fitzner, J., Zhang, W., Seasonal influenza vaccine policy, use and effectiveness in the tropics and subtropics – a systematic literature review. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 10 (2016), 254–267.
27. Russell, K., Chung, J.R., Monto, A.S., Martin, E.T., Belongia, E.A., McLean, H.Q., et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in older adults compared with younger adults over five seasons. Vaccine 36 (2018), 1272–1278.
28. Monto, A.S., Moving toward improved influenza vaccines. J Infect Dis 215 (2017), 500–502.
29. Fiore, A.E., Shay, D.K., Broder, K., Iskander, J.K., Uyeki, T.M., Mootrey, G., et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. MMWR Recomm Rep 57 (2008), 1–60.
30. Govaert, T.M., Thijs, C.T., Masurel, N., Sprenger, M.J., Dinant, G.J., Knottnerus, J.A., The efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly individuals. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. JAMA 272 (1994), 1661–1665.
31. Nelson, J.C., Jackson, M.L., Weiss, N.S., Jackson, L.A., New strategies are needed to improve the accuracy of influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates among seniors. J Clin Epidemiol 62 (2009), 687–694.
32. Fiore, A.E., Uyeki, T.M., Broder, K., Finelli, L., Euler, G.L., Singleton, J.A., et al. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep 59 (2010), 1–62.
33. McElhaney, J.E., Influenza vaccine responses in older adults. Ageing Res Rev 10 (2011), 379–388.
34. Coudeville, L., Bailleux, F., Riche, B., Megas, F., Andre, P., Ecochard, R., Relationship between haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titres and clinical protection against influenza: development and application of a bayesian random-effects model. BMC Med Res Methodol, 10, 2010, 18.
35. Van Buynder, P.G., Konrad, S., Van Buynder, J.L., Brodkin, E., Krajden, M., Ramler, G., et al. The comparative effectiveness of adjuvanted and unadjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in the elderly. Vaccine 31 (2013), 6122–6128.
36. Engler, R.J., Nelson, M.R., Klote, M.M., VanRaden, M.J., Huang, C.Y., Cox, N.J., et al. Half- vs full-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (2004–2005): age, dose, and sex effects on immune responses. Arch Int Med 168 (2008), 2405–2414.
37. Couch, R.B., Winokur, P., Brady, R., Belshe, R., Chen, W.H., Cate, T.R., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a high dosage trivalent influenza vaccine among elderly subjects. Vaccine 25 (2007), 7656–7663.
38. Demicheli, V., Jefferson, T., Di Pietrantonj, C., Ferroni, E., Thorning, S., Thomas, R.E., et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, 2018 CD004876.
39. De Serres, G., Skowronski, D.M., Wu, X.W., Ambrose, C.S., The test-negative design: validity, accuracy and precision of vaccine efficacy estimates compared to the gold standard of randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials. Euro Surveill, 18, 2013.
40. Darvishian, M., van den Heuvel, E.R., Bissielo, A., Castilla, J., Cohen, C., Englund, H., et al. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in community-dwelling elderly people: an individual participant data meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. Lancet Respir Med 5 (2017), 200–211.
41. Darvishian, M., Bijlsma, M.J., Hak, E., van den Heuvel, E.R., Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in community-dwelling elderly people: a meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. Lancet Infect Dis 14 (2014), 1228–1239.
42. Clar, C., Oseni, Z., Flowers, N., Keshtkar-Jahromi, M., Rees, K., Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, CD005050.
43. Jackson, L.A., Jackson, M.L., Nelson, J.C., Neuzil, K.M., Weiss, N.S., Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors. Int J Epidemiol 35 (2006), 337–344.
44. Jackson, L.A., Nelson, J.C., Benson, P., Neuzil, K.M., Reid, R.J., Psaty, B.M., et al. Functional status is a confounder of the association of influenza vaccine and risk of all cause mortality in seniors. Int J Epidemiol 35 (2006), 345–352.
45. Simonsen, L., Taylor, R.J., Viboud, C., Miller, M.A., Jackson, L.A., Mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people: an ongoing controversy. Lancet Infect Dis 7 (2007), 658–666.
46. Jackson, M.L., Nelson, J.C., Weiss, N.S., Neuzil, K.M., Barlow, W., Jackson, L.A., Influenza vaccination and risk of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent elderly people: a population-based, nested case-control study. Lancet 372 (2008), 398–405.
47. Fireman, B., Lee, J., Lewis, N., Bembom, O., van der Laan, M., Baxter, R., Influenza vaccination and mortality: differentiating vaccine effects from bias. Am J Epidemiol 170 (2009), 650–656.
48. Nichol, K.L., Nordin, J., Mullooly, J., Lask, R., Fillbrandt, K., Iwane, M., Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly. N Engl J Med 348 (2003), 1322–1332.
49. Nichol, K.L., Nordin, J.D., Nelson, D.B., Mullooly, J.P., Hak, E., Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly. N Engl J Med 357 (2007), 1373–1381.
50. Jansen, A.G., Sanders, E.A., Nichol, K.L., van Loon, A.M., Hoes, A.W., Hak, E., Decline in influenza-associated mortality among Dutch elderly following the introduction of a nationwide vaccination program. Vaccine 26 (2008), 5567–5574.
51. Falsey, A.R., Treanor, J.J., Tornieporth, N., Capellan, J., Gorse, G.J., Randomized, double-blind controlled phase 3 trial comparing the immunogenicity of high-dose and standard-dose influenza vaccine in adults 65 years of age and older. J Infect Dis 200 (2009), 172–180.
52. Sullivan, S.J., Jacobson, R., Poland, G.A., Advances in the vaccination of the elderly against influenza: role of a high-dose vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 9 (2010), 1127–1133.
53. DiazGranados, C.A., Dunning, A.J., Jordanov, E., Landolfi, V., Denis, M., Talbot, H.K., High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine compared to standard dose vaccine in elderly adults: safety, immunogenicity and relative efficacy during the 2009–2010 season. Vaccine 31 (2013), 861–866.
54. DiazGranados, C.A., Dunning, A.J., Kimmel, M., Kirby, D., Treanor, J., Collins, A., et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 371 (2014), 635–645.
55. Izurieta, H.S., Thadani, N., Shay, D.K., Lu, Y., Maurer, A., Foppa, I.M., et al. Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines in US residents aged 65 years and older from 2012 to 2013 using Medicare data: a retrospective cohort analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 15 (2015), 293–300.
56. DiazGranados, C.A., Dunning, A.J., Robertson, C.A., Talbot, H.K., Landolfi, V., Greenberg, D.P., Efficacy and immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccine in older adults by age, comorbidities, and frailty. Vaccine 33 (2015), 4565–4571.
57. Shay, D.K., Chillarige, Y., Kelman, J., Forshee, R.A., Foppa, I.M., Wernecke, M., et al. Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines among us medicare beneficiaries in preventing postinfluenza deaths during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. J Infect Dis 215 (2017), 510–517.
58. Nace, D.A., Lin, C.J., Ross, T.M., Saracco, S., Churilla, R.M., Zimmerman, R.K., Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities. J Infect Dis 211 (2015), 1915–1924.
59. Tsang, P., Gorse, G.J., Strout, C.B., Sperling, M., Greenberg, D.P., Ozol-Godfrey, A., et al. Immunogenicity and safety of Fluzone((R)) intradermal and high-dose influenza vaccines in older adults >/=65 years of age: a randomized, controlled, phase II trial. Vaccine 32 (2014), 2507–2517.
60. DiazGranados, C.A., Robertson, C.A., Talbot, H.K., Landolfi, V., Dunning, A.J., Greenberg, D.P., Prevention of serious events in adults 65 years of age or older: a comparison between high-dose and standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines. Vaccine 33 (2015), 4988–4993.
61. Richardson, D.M., Medvedeva, E.L., Roberts, C.B., Linkin, D.R., Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccination in community-dwelling veterans. Clin Infect Dis 61 (2015), 171–176.
62. Shay, D.K., Chillarige, Y., Kelman, J., Forshee, R.A., Foppa, I.M., Wernecke, M., et al. Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines among US medicare beneficiaries in preventing postinfluenza deaths during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. J Infect Dis, 2017.
63. Chit, A., Roiz, J., Briquet, B., Greenberg, D.P., Expected cost effectiveness of high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine in US seniors. Vaccine 33 (2015), 734–741.
64. Chit, A., Becker, D.L., DiazGranados, C.A., Maschio, M., Yau, E., Drummond, M., Cost-effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in adults aged 65 years and older: an economic evaluation of data from a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 15 (2015), 1459–1466.
65. Song, J.Y., Cheong, H.J., Noh, J.Y., Seo, Y.B., Choi, W.S., Cho, G.J., et al. Long-term and cross-reactive immunogenicity of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in the elderly: MF59-adjuvanted vaccine versus unadjuvanted vaccine. J Med Virol 85 (2013), 1591–1597.
66. Tsai, T.F., Fluad(R)-MF59(R)-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in older adults. Infect Chemother 45 (2013), 159–174.
67. Frey, S.E., Reyes, M.R., Reynales, H., Bermal, N.N., Nicolay, U., Narasimhan, V., et al. Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of an MF59(R)-adjuvanted with a non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in elderly subjects. Vaccine 32 (2014), 5027–5034.
68. Spadea, A., Unim, B., Colamesta, V., Meneghini, A., D'Amici, A.M., Giudiceandrea, B., et al. Is the adjuvanted influenza vaccine more effective than the trivalent inactivated vaccine in the elderly population? Results of a case-control study. Vaccine 32 (2014), 5290–5294.
69. Mannino, S., Villa, M., Apolone, G., Weiss, N.S., Groth, N., Aquino, I., et al. Effectiveness of adjuvanted influenza vaccination in elderly subjects in northern Italy. Am J Epidemiol 176 (2012), 527–533.
70. Villa, M., Black, S., Groth, N., Rothman, K.J., Apolone, G., Weiss, N.S., et al. Safety of MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccination in the elderly: results of a comparative study of MF59-adjuvanted vaccine versus nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine in northern Italy. Am J Epidemiol 178 (2013), 1139–1145.
71. Domnich, A., Arata, L., Amicizia, D., Puig-Barbera, J., Gasparini, R., Panatto, D., Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 35 (2017), 513–520.
72. Fisman, D.N., Tuite, A.R., Estimation of the health impact and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination with enhanced effectiveness in Canada. PLoS ONE, 6, 2011, e27420.
73. Greenberg, D.P., Robertson, C.A., Noss, M.J., Blatter, M.M., Biedenbender, R., Decker, M.D., Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine compared to licensed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in adults. Vaccine 31 (2013), 770–776.
74. Pepin, S., Donazzolo, Y., Jambrecina, A., Salamand, C., Saville, M., Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in adults. Vaccine 31 (2013), 5572–5578.
75. Kieninger, D., Sheldon, E., Lin, W.Y., Yu, C.J., Bayas, J.M., Gabor, J.J., et al. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate versus inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine: a phase III, randomized trial in adults aged >/=18 years. BMC Infect Dis, 13, 2013, 343.
76. Tinoco, J.C., Pavia-Ruz, N., Cruz-Valdez, A., Aranza Doniz, C., Chandrasekaran, V., Dewe, W., et al. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate versus inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in healthy adults aged >/=18 years: a phase III, randomized trial. Vaccine 32 (2014), 1480–1487.
77. Crepey, P., de Boer, P.T., Postma, M.J., Pitman, R., Retrospective public health impact of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the United States. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 9:Suppl 1 (2015), 39–46.
78. You, J.H., Ming, W.K., Chan, P.K., Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccine versus trivalent influenza vaccine for elderly in Hong Kong. BMC Infect Dis, 14, 2014, 618.
79. Van Bellinghen, L.A., Meier, G., Van Vlaenderen, I., The potential cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccine in elderly people and clinical risk groups in the UK: a lifetime multi-cohort model. PLoS ONE, 9, 2014, e98437.
80. Meier, G., Gregg, M., Poulsen, Nautrup B., Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccination in at-risk adults and the elderly: an updated analysis in the U.K. J Med Econ 18 (2015), 746–761.
81. Moa, A.M., Chughtai, A.A., Muscatello, D.J., Turner, R.M., MacIntyre, C.R., Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Vaccine 34 (2016), 4092–4102.
82. Caini, S., Andrade, W., Badur, S., Balmaseda, A., Barakat, A., Bella, A., et al. Temporal patterns of influenza A and B in tropical and temperate countries: what are the lessons for influenza vaccination?. PLoS ONE, 11, 2016, e0152310.
83. Sadarangani, S.P., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Goergen, K., Grill, D.E., Poland, G.A., Vitamin D, leptin and impact on immune response to seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older persons. Hum Vaccin Immunother 12 (2016), 691–698.
84. Haralambieva, I.H., Painter, S.D., Kennedy, R.B., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Lambert, N.D., Goergen, K.M., et al. The impact of immunosenescence on humoral immune response variation after influenza A/H1N1 vaccination in older subjects. PLoS ONE, 10, 2015, e0122282.
85. Zimmermann, M.T., Oberg, A.L., Grill, D.E., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Haralambieva, I.H., Kennedy, R.B., et al. System-wide associations between DNA-methylation, gene expression, and humoral immune response to influenza vaccination. PLoS ONE, 11, 2016, e0152034.
86. Kennedy, R.B., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Haralambieva, I.H., Oberg, A.L., Zimmermann, M.T., Grill, D.E., et al. Immunosenescence-related transcriptomic and immunologic changes in older individuals following influenza vaccination. Front Immunol, 7, 2016.
87. Kennedy, R.B., Simon, W.L., Gibson, M.J., Goergen, K.M., Grill, D.E., Oberg, A.L., et al. The composition of immune cells serves as a predictor of adaptive immunity in a cohort of 50- to 74-year-old adults. Immunology 148 (2016), 266–275.
88. Poland, G.A., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Kennedy, R.B., Lambert, N.D., Kirkland, J.L., A systems biology approach to the effect of aging, immunosenescence and vaccine response. Curr Opin Immunol 29C (2014), 62–68.
89. Lambert, N.D., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Pankratz, V.S., Jacobson, R.M., Poland, G.A., Understanding the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults: a systems biology approach. Expert Rev Vaccines 11 (2012), 985–994.
90. Targonski, P.V., Jacobson, R.M., Poland, G.A., Immunosenescence: role and measurement in influenza vaccine response among the elderly. Vaccine 25 (2007), 3066–3069.