Feeding rhythms in fish: From behavioral to molecular approach

Biological Clock in Fish

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 155-183

  López Olmeda, Jose Fernando ^a   Sánchez Vázquez, Francisco Javier ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85052010676     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b10170     Document Type: Chapter

References (114)

1. Alanärä, A. and E. Brännäs. 1997. Diurnal and nocturnal feeding activity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54: 2894-2900.
2. Aranda, A., J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2001. Influence of light on feeding anticipatory activity in goldfish. Journal of Biological Rhythms 16: 50-57.
3. Aranda, A., J.A. Madrid, S. Zamora and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 1999a. Synchronizing effect of photoperiod on the dual phasing of demand-feeding rhythms in sea bass. Biological Rhythm Research 30: 392-406.
4. Aranda, A., F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez and J.A. Madrid. 1999b. Influence of water temperature on demand feeding-rhythms in sea bass. Journal of Fish Biology 55: 1029-1039.
5. Aschoff, J. 1981. Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology 4: Biological Rhythms. Plenum Press, New York.
6. Asher, G., D. Gatfield, M. Stratmann, H. Reinke, C. Dibner, F. Kreppel, R. Mostoslavsky, F.W. Alt and U. Schibler. 2008. SIRT1 regulates circadian clock gene expression through PER2 deacetylation. Cell 134: 317-328.
7. Azzaydi, M., J.A. Madrid, S. Zamora, F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez and F.J. Martínez. 1998. Effect of three feeding strategies (automatic, ad libitum demand-feeding and timerestricted demand-feeding) on feeding rhythms and growth in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture 163: 285-296.
8. Azzaydi, M., V.C. Rubio, F.J.M. López, F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez, S. Zamora and J.A. Madrid. 2007. Effect of restricted feeding schedule on seasonal shifting of daily demand-feeding pattern and food anticipatory activity in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Chronobiology International 24: 859-874.
9. Balsalobre, A., S.A. Brown, L. Marcacci, F. Tronche, C. Kellendonk, H.M. Reichardt, G. Schütz and U. Schibler. 2000. Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling. Science 289: 2344-2347.
10. Bayarri, M.J., J.A. Muñoz-Cueto, J.F. López-Olmeda, L.M. Vera, M.A. Rol de Lama, J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2004. Daily locomotor activity and melatonin rhythms in Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). Physiology & Behavior 81: 577-583.
11. Bolliet, V., A. Aranda and T. Boujard. 2001. Demand-feeding rhythm in rainbow trout and European catfish-synchronisation by photoperiod and food availability. Physiology and Behavior 73: 625-633.
12. Boluda Navarro, D., V.C. Rubio, R.K. Luz, J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2009. Daily feeding rhythms of Senegalese sole under laboratory and farming conditions using self-feeding systems. Aquaculture (In press).
13. Boujard, T. 1995. Diel rhythms of feeding activity in the European catfish, Silurus glanis. Physiology and Behavior 58: 641-645.
14. Brännäs, E., U. Berglund and L.O. Eriksson. 2005. Time learning and anticipatory activity in groups of Arctic charr. Ethology 111: 681-692.
15. Brown, M.E. 1946. The growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.). II. The growth of twoyear-old trout at a constant temperature of 11.5°C. Journal of Experimental Biology 22: 130-144.
16. Cahill, G.M. 2002. Clock mechanisms in zebrafish. Cell and Tissue Research 309: 27-34.
17. Cerdá-Reverter, J.M., S. Zanuy, M. Carrillo and J.A. Madrid. 1998. Time-course studies on plasma glucose, insulin, and cortisol in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) held under different photoperiodic regimes. Physiology and Behavior 64: 245-250.
18. Cermakian, N., D. Whitmore, N.S. Foulkes and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2000. Asynchronous oscillations of two zebrafish CLOCK partners reveal differential clock control and function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 4339-4344.
19. Chen, W.M. and G.J. Purser. 2001. The effect of feeding regime on growth, locomotor activity pattern and the development of food anticipatory activity in greenback flounder. Journal of Fish Biology 58: 177-187.
20. Cui, Y., S. Chen, S. Wang and X. Liu. 1993. Laboratory observations on the circadian feeding pattern in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) fed three different diets. Aquaculture 113: 57-64.
21. Daan, S. 1981. Adaptive daily strategies in behavior. In: Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology 4: Biological Rhythms, J. Aschoff (ed.). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 275-298.
22. Dabrowski, K., G. Krumschnabel, M. Paukku and J. Labanowski. 1992. Cyclic growth and activity of pancreatic enzymes in alevins of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Journal of Fish Biology 40: 511-521.
23. Damiola, F., N. Le Minh, N. Preitner, B. Kornmann, F. Fleury-Olela and U. Schibler. 2000. Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes and Development 14: 2950-2961.
24. Davidson, A.J. 2006. Search for the feeding-entrainable circadian oscillator: a complex proposition. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290: R1524-R1526.
25. Davis, R.E. 1963. Daily ‘predawn’ peak of locomotion in fish. Animal Behaviour 12: 272-283.
26. Davis, R.E. and E. Bardach. 1965. Time-co-ordinated prefeeding activity in fish. Animal Behaviour 13: 154-162.
27. De Pedro, N., A.I. Guijarro, M.A. López-Patiño, R. Martínez-Álvarez and M.J. Delgado. 2005. Daily and seasonal variations in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in the tench, Tinca tinca Linnaeus, 1758. Aquaculture Research 36: 1185-1196.
28. Dickmeis, T. 2009. Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock. Journal of Endocrinology 200: 3-22.
29. Dickmeis, T., K. Lahiri, G. Nica, D. Vallone, C. Santoriello, C.J. Neumann, M. Hammerschmidt and N.S. Foulkes. 2007. Glucocorticoids play a key role in circadian cell cycle rhythms. PLoS Biology 5: 854-864.
30. Dioum, E.M., J. Rutter, J.R. Tuckerman, G. González, M.A. Gilles-González and S.L. McKnight. 2002. NPAS2: a gas-responsive transcription factor. Science 298: 2385-2387.
31. Dunlap, J.C. 1999. Molecular bases for circadian clocks. Cell 96: 271-290.
32. Dunlap, J.C. 2004. Molecular biology of circadian pacemaker systems. In: Chronobiology. Biological Timekeeping, J.C. Dunlap, J.J. Loros and P.J. DeCoursey (eds.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, pp. 213-253.
33. Eriksson, L.O. 1978. Nocturnalism versus diurnalism-dualism within individuals. In: Rhythmic Activity of Fishes, J.E. Thorpe (ed.). Academic Press, London, pp. 69-89.
34. Farbridge, K.F. and J.F. Leatherland. 1987a. Lunar cycles of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. I. Growth and feeding. Journal of Experimental Biology 128: 165-178.
35. Farbridge, K.F. and J.F. Leatherland. 1987b. Lunar periodicity of growth cycles in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research 18: 169-177.
36. Fraser, N.H.C. and N.B. Metcalfe. 1997. The cost of becoming nocturnal: feeding efficiency in relation to light intensity in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Functional Ecology 11: 760-767.
37. Fraser, N.H.C., J. Heggenes, N.B. Metcalfe and J.E. Thorpe. 1995. Low summer temperatures cause juvenile Atlantic salmon to become nocturnal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 446-451.
38. Gómez-Milán, E. and M.J. Sánchez-Muros Lozano. 2007. Daily and annual variations of the hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and seasonal changes in the body fats of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Journal of Experimental Zoology A307: 516-526.
39. Hara, R., K. Wan, H. Wakamatsu, R. Aida, T. Moriya, M. Akiyama and S. Shibata. 2001. Restricted feeding entrains liver clock without participation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes to Cells 6: 269-278.
40. Heggenes, J., O.M.W. Krog, O.R. Lindås, J.G. Dokk and T. Bremnes. 1993. Homeostatic behavioural responses in a changing environment: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter. Journal of Animal Ecology 62: 295-308.
41. Helfman, G.S. 1993. Fish behaviour by day, night and twilight. In: Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, T.J. Pitcher (ed). Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 479-512, 2nd Edition.
42. Herrero, M.J., J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2003. Entrainment to light of circadian activity rhythms in tench (Tinca tinca). Chronobiology International 20: 1001-1017.
43. Herrero, M.J., M. Pascual, J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2005. Demand-feeding rhythms and feeding-entrainment of locomotor activity rhythms in tench (Tinca tinca). Physiology & Behavior 84: 595-605.
44. Higgins, P.J. and C. Talbot. 1985. Growth and feeding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In: Nutrition and Feeding in Fish, C.B. Cowey, A.M. Mackie and J.G. Bell (eds.). Academic Press, London, pp. 243-263.
45. Hirayama, J., S. Cho and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2007. Circadian control by the reduction/oxidation pathway: Catalase represses light-dependent clock gene expression in the zebrafish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 15747-15752.
46. Hoar, W.S. 1942. Diurnal variations in feeding activity of young salmon and trout. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34: 1655-1669.
47. Jørgensen, E.H. and M. Jobling. 1989. Patterns of food intake in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, monitored by radiography. Aquaculture 81: 155-160.
48. Jørgensen, E.H. and M. Jobling. 1990. Feeding modes in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L: the importance of bottom feeding for the maintenance and growth. Aquaculture 86: 379-385.
49. Kaneko, M., N. Hernández-Borsetti and G.M. Cahill. 2006. Diversity of zebrafish peripheral oscillators revealed by luciferase reporting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 14614-14619.
50. Komourdjian M.P., R.L. Saunders and J.C. Fenwick. 1976. Evidence for the role of growth hormone as part of the ‘light pituitary axis’ in growth and smoltification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Zoology 54: 544-551.
51. Kühn, E.R., S. Corneille and F. Ollevier. 1986. Circadian variations in plasma osmolality, electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol in carp (Cyprinus carpio). General and Comparative Endocrinology 61: 459-468.
52. Lague, M. and S.G. Reebs. 2000. Phase-shifting the light-dark cycle influences foodanticipatory activity in golden shiners. Physiology and Behavior 70: 55-59.
53. Landless, P.J. 1976. Demand-feeding behaviour of rainbow trout. Aquaculture 7: 11-25.
54. Le Minh, N., F. Damiola, F. Tronche, G. Schütz and U. Schibler. 2001. Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit food-induced phase-shifting of peripheral circadian oscillators. EMBO Journal 20: 7128-7136.
55. Liu, C., S. Li, T. Liu, J. Borjigin and J.D. Lin. 2007. Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1a integrates the mammalian clock and energy metabolism. Nature (London) 447: 477-482.
56. López-Olmeda, J.F. 2009. Circadian modulation of the biological clock and behavioral, endocrine and metabolic rhythms of teleost fishes. Doctoral Thesis, University of Murcia, Murcia.
57. López-Olmeda, J.F. and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2009. Zebrafish temperature selection and synchronization of locomotor activity circadian rhythm to ahemeral cycles of light and temperature. Chronobiology International 26: 200-218.
58. López-Olmeda, J.F., M. Egea-Álvarez and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2009a. Glucose tolerance in fish: Is the daily feeding time important? Physiology and Behavior 96: 631-636.
59. López-Olmeda, J.F., A. Montoya, C. Oliveira and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2009b. Synchronization to light and restricted-feeding schedules of behavioral and humoral daily rhythms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Chronobiology International 26: 1389-1408.
60. Madrid, J.A., T. Boujard and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2001. Feeding rhythms. In: Food Intake in Fish, D.F. Houlihan, T. Boujard and M. Jobling (eds.). Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 189-215.
61. Meijer, J.H. and W.J. Rietveld. 1989. Neurophysiology of the suprachismatic circadian pacemaker in rodents. Physiological Reviews 69: 671-707.
62. Meseguer, C., J. Ramos, M.J. Bayarri, C. Oliveira and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2008. Light synchronization of the daily spawning rhythms of gilthead bream (Sparus aurata L.) kept under different photoperiod and after shifting the LD cycle. Chronobiology International 25: 666-679.
63. Mistlberger, R. 1994. Circadian food-anticipatory activity: Formal models and physiological mechanisms. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Research 18: 171-195.
64. Mommsen, T.P., M.M. Vijayan and T.W. Moon. 1999. Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 9: 211-268.
65. Müller, K. 1978. The flexibility of the circadian system of fish at different latitudes. In: Rhythmic Activity of Fishes, J.E. Thorpe (ed). Academic Press, London, pp. 91-104.
66. Nakahata, Y., M. Kaluzova, B. Grimaldi, S. Sahar, J. Hirayama, D. Chen, L.P. Guarente and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2008. The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 modulates CLOCK-mediated chromatin remodeling and circadian control. Cell 134: 329-340.
67. Naruse, M. and T. Oishi. 1994. Effects of light and food as zeitgebers on locomotor activity rhythms in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Zoological Science 11: 113-119.
68. Pando, M.P., A.B. Pinchak, N. Cermakian and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2001. A cell-based system that recapitulates the dynamic light-dependent regulation of the vertebrate clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98: 10178-10183.
69. Pavlidis, M., M. Berry, P. Divanach and M. Kentouri. 1997. Diel pattern of haematocrit, serum metabolites, osmotic pressure, electrolytes and thyroid hormones in sea bass and sea bream. Aquaculture International 5: 237-247.
70. Pavlidis, M., L. Greenwood, M. Paalavuo, H. Mölsa and J.T. Laitinen. 1999a. The effect of photoperiod on diel rhythms in serum melatonin, cortisol, glucose, and electrolytes in the common dentex, Dentex dentex. General and Comparative Endocrinology 113: 240-250.
71. Pavlidis, M., M. Paspatis, M. Koistinen, T. Paavola, P. Divanach and M. Kentouri. 1999b. Diel rhythms of serum metabolites and thyroid hormones in red porgy held in different photoperiod regimes. Aquaculture International 7: 29-44.
72. Pérez, E. and B. Buisson. 1986. Research on the origin of the circadian activities in the course of the ontogenesis of the trout, Salmo trutta L.: the activities of the eggs and vesiculed alevins in constant conditions. Biology Zentralblatt 105: 609-613.
73. Pickering, A.D. and T.G. Pottinger. 1983. Seasonal and diel changes in plasma cortisol levels of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. General and Comparative Endocrinology 49: 232-239.
74. Polakof, S., R.M. Ceinos, B. Fernández-Durán, J.M. Míguez and J.L. Soengas. 2007a. Daily changes in parameters of energy metabolism in brain of rainbow trout: Dependence on feeding. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 146: 265-273.
75. Polakof, S., J.M. Míguez and J.L. Soengas. 2007b. Daily changes in parameters of energy metabolism in liver, white muscle, and gills of rainbow trout: Dependence on feeding. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 147: 363-374.
76. Purser, G.J. and W.M. Chen. 2001. The effect of meal size and meal duration on food anticipatory activity in greenback flounder. Journal of Fish Biology 58: 188-200.
77. Rance, T.A., B.I. Baker and G. Webley. 1982. Variations in plasma cortisol concentrations over a 24-hour period in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. General and Comparative Endocrinology 48: 269-274.
78. Reebs, S.G. 1999. Time-place learning based on food but not on predation risk in a fish, the inanga (Galaxias maculatus). Ethology 105: 361-371.
79. Reebs, S.G. 2002. Plasticity of diel and circadian activity rhythms in fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12: 349-371.
80. Reebs, S.G. and M. Lague. 2000. Daily food-anticipatory activity in golden shiners: A test of endogenous timing mechanisms. Physiology and Behavior 70: 35-43.
81. Richter, C.P.A. 1922. A behavioristic study of the activity of the rat. Comparative Psychology Monographs 1: 1-55.
82. Rozin, P. and J. Mayer. 1961. Regulation of food intake in the goldfish. American Journal of Physiology 201: 968-974.
83. Rubio, V.C., M. Vivas, A. Sánchez-Mut, F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez, D. Covès, G. Dutto and J.A. Madrid. 2004. Self-feeding of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) under laboratory and farming conditions using a string sensor. Aquaculture 233: 393-403.
84. Rutter, J., M. Reick, L.J. Wu and S.L. McKnight. 2001. Regulation of Clock and NPAS2 DNA binding by the redox state of NAD cofactors. Science 293: 510-514.
85. Sánchez-Muros, M.J., V. Corchete, M.D. Suárez, G. Cardenete, E. Gómez-Milán and M. de la Higuera. 2003. Effect of feeding method and protein source on Sparus aurata feeding patterns. Aquaculture 224: 89-103.
86. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J. and M. Tabata. 1998. Circadian rhythms of demand-feeding and locomotor activity in rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology 52: 255-267.
87. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J. and J.A. Madrid. 2001. Feeding anticipatory activity in fish. In: Food Intake in Fish, D.F. Houlihan, T. Boujard and M. Jobling (eds.). Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 216-232.
88. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., A. Aranda and J.A. Madrid. 2001. Differential effects of meal size and food energy density on feeding entrainment in goldfish. Journal of Biological Rhythms 16: 58-65.
89. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., J.A. Madrid and S. Zamora. 1995a. Circadian rhythms of feeding activity in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.: dual phasing capacity of diel demandfeeding pattern. Journal of Biological Rhythms 10: 256-266.
90. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., S. Zamora and J.A. Madrid. 1995b. Light-dark and food restriction cycles in sea bass: effect of conflicting zeitgebers on demand-feeding rhythms. Physiology and Behavior 58: 705-714.
91. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., F.J. Martínez, S. Zamora and J.A. Madrid. 1994. Design and performance of an accurate demand feeder for the study of feeding behaviour in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Physiology and Behavior 56: 789-794.
92. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., J.A. Madrid, S. Zamora and M. Tabata. 1997. Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity rhythms in the goldfish is mediated by a feeding-entrainable circadian oscillator. Journal of Comparative Physiology A181: 121-132.
93. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., J.A. Madrid, S. Zamora, M. Iigo and M. Tabata. 1996. Demand feeding and locomotor circadian rhythms in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: dual and independent phasing. Physiology and Behavior 60: 665-674.
94. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., M. Azzaydi, F.J. Martínez, S. Zamora and J.A. Madrid. 1998a. Annual rhythms of demand-feeding activity in sea bass: evidence of a seasonal phase inversion of the diel feeding pattern. Chronobiology International 15: 607-622.
95. Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J., T. Yamamoto, T. Akiyama, J.A. Madrid and M. Tabata. 1998b. Selection of macronutrients by goldfish operating self-feeders. Physiology and Behavior 65: 211-218.
96. Schibler, U. and F. Naef. 2005. Cellular oscillators: rhythmic gene expression and metabolism. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 17: 223-229.
97. Singley, J.A. and W. Chavin. 1975. Serum cortisol in normal goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A50: 77-82.
98. Small, B.C. 2005. Effect of fasting on nychthemeral concentrations of plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and cortisol in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B142: 217-223.
99. Smith, I.P., N.B. Metcalfe, F.A. Huntingford and S. Kadri. 1993. Daily and seasonal patterns in the feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in a sea cage. Aquaculture 117: 165-178.
100. Spieler, R.E. and T.A. Noeske. 1981. Timing of a single daily meal and diel variations of serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and cortisol in goldfish. Life Sciences 28: 2939-2944.
101. Spieler, R.E. and T.A. Noeske. 1984. Effects of photoperiod and feeding schedule on diel variations of locomotor activity, cortisol, and thyroxine in goldfish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113: 528-539.
102. Stephan, F.K. 2002. The “other” circadian system: food as a zeitgeber. Journal of Biological Rhythms 17: 284-292.
103. Stephan, F.K., J.M. Swann and C.L. Sisk. 1979. Entrainment of circadian rhythms by feeding schedules in rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions. Behavioral and Neural Biology 25: 545-554.
104. Stokkan, K.A., S. Yamazaki, H. Tei, Y. Sakaki and M. Menaker. 2001. Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science 291: 490-493.
105. Thorpe, J.E., M.G. McConway, M.S. Miles and J.S. Muir. 1987. Diel and seasonal changes in resting plasma cortisol levels in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. General and Comparative Endocrinology 65: 19-22.
106. Van Cauter, E., K.S. Polonsky and A.J. Scheen. 1997. Roles of circadian rhythmicity and sleep in human glucose regulation. Endocrine Reviews 18: 716-738.
107. Velázquez, M., S. Zamora and F.J. Martínez. 2004. Influence of environmental conditions on demand-feeding behaviour of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20: 536-541.
108. Vera, L.M., J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2006. Locomotor, feeding and melatonin daily rhythms in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Physiology and Behavior 88: 167-172.
109. Vera, L.M., J.F. López-Olmeda, M.J. Bayarri, J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2005. Influence of light intensity on plasma melatonin and locomotor activity rhythms in tench. Chronobiology International 22: 67-78.
110. Vera, L.M., N. De Pedro, E. Gómez-Milán, M.J. Delgado, M.J. Sánchez-Muros, J.A. Madrid and F.J. Sánchez-Vázquez. 2007. Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity rhythms, digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine factors in goldfish. Physiology and Behavior 90: 518-524
111. Whitmore, D., N.S. Foulkes, U. Strähle and P. Sassone-Corsi. 1998. Zebrafish Clock rhythmic expression reveals independent peripheral circadian oscillators. Nature Neuroscience 1: 701-707.
112. Whitmore, D., N.S. Foulkes and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2000. Light acts directly on organs and cells in culture to set the vertebrate circadian clock. Nature 404: 87-91.
113. Yamazaki, S., R. Numano, M. Abe, A. Hida, R. Takahashi, M. Ueda, G.D. Block, Y. Sakaki, M. Menaker and H. Tei. 2000. Resetting central and peripheral circadian oscillators in transgenic rats. Science 288: 682-685.
114. Yoo, S.H., S. Yamazaki, P.L. Lowrey, K. Shimomura, C.H. Ko, E.D. Buhr, S.M. Siepka, H.K. Hong, W.J. Oh, O.J. Yoo, M. Menaker and J.S. Takahashi. 2004. PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE real-time reporting of circadian dynamics reveals persistent circadian oscillations in mouse peripheral tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 5339-5346.