Aromatic fluorination

Aromatic Fluorination

Volumn , Issue , 2018, Pages 1-186

  Clark, James H ^a   Wails, David ^b   Bastock, Tony W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c Contract Chemicals Ltd ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85051828730     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781351069885     Document Type: Book

References (466)

1. R. Schmitt and H. von Gehren, J. Prakt. Chem., 1870, 1, 394.
2. E. Patemo and V. Oliveri, Gazzetta, 1883, 13, 533.
3. Fluorine: The First Hundred Years (1886-1986), eds. R.E. Banks, D.W. A. Sharp and J.C. Tatlow, Elsevier, Lausanne, 1986.
4. H. Bart, German Patent, 281 055 (1913).
5. G. Balz and G. Schiemann, Chem. Ber., 1927, 60, 1186.
6. G. Schiemann, Chem. Ztg., 1930, 54, 269.
7. A. Roe, Org. React., 1949, 5, 193.
8. H. Suschitzky, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1965, 4, 1.
9. G. Schiemann and B. Comils, Chemie und Technologic cyclische Fluorverbindungen, Enke, Stuttgart, 1969.
10. H.B. Gottlieb, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 532.
11. A.E. Chichibabin and M.D. Rjazancev, J. Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc., 1915, 46, 1571 (Chem. Abstr., 1916, 10, 2898).
12. E.M. McBee, V.V. Lindgren and W.B. Ligett, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 378.
13. J. Desirant, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1958, 67, 676.
14. W. Prescott, Chem. Ind. (London), 1978, 56.
15. W.A. Sheppard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965, 87, 2410.
16. R.D. Chambers, Fluorine in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1973.
17. J.D. Roberts, R.L. Webb and E.A. McElhill, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 408.
18. F.S. Fawcett and W.A. Sheppard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965, 87, 4341.
19. D.T. Clark, N.J. Murrell and J.M. Tedder, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1250.
20. M.J.S. Dewar and T.G. Squires, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 210.
21. B.E. Smart in Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds., R.E. Banks, B.E. Smart and J.C. Tatlow, Plenum Press, New York, 1994, pp. 57-88.
22. A.L. Brown, J. Chiang, A.J. Kresge., Y.S. Tang, and W.-H. Wang., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 4918.
23. P.N. Edwards in Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks, B.E. Smart and J.C. Tatlow, Plenum Press, New York, 1994, pp. 501-541.
24. Organofluorine Chemicals and Their Industrial Applications, ed. R.E. Banks, Horwood, Chichester, 1979.
25. Preparation, Properties and Industrial Applications of Organofluorine Compounds, ed. R.E. Banks, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1982.
26. Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks, B.E. Smart and J.C. Tatlow, Plenum Press, New York, 1994.
27. F. Coppola, Gazzetta, 1883, 13, 521.
28. J.H. Fried and E.F. Sabo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 2273.
29. A.H. Barrie, G. Booth and I. Durham, Br. Patent 882001 (1959), Chem. Abstr., 1962, 56, 8962h.
30. T. Matsuura, N. Yamada, S. Nishi and Y. Hasuda, Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 419.
31. Z.G. Gardlund, Polymer, 1993, 34, 1850.
32. G. Maier, R. Hecht, O. Nuyken, K. Burger and B. Helmreich, Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 2583.
33. J.H. Clark and J.E. Denness, Polymer, 1994, 35, 2432.
34. J.H. Clark and J.E. Denness, Polymer, 1994, 35, 5124.
35. M. Meyer and D. O'Hagan, Chem. Br., 1992, 785.
36. M.R.C. Gerstenberger and A. Haas, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1981, 20, 647.
37. J.A. Wilkinson, Chem. Rev., 1992, 92, 505.
38. V. Murtagh, Performance Chem., 1992, 27.
39. J. Mann, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1987, 16, 381.
40. M.A. McClinton and D. McClinton, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 6555.
41. E.H. Appleman, L.J. Basil and R.C. Thompson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 3384.
42. M. Zupar and S. Stavber, J. Chem, Soc. Chem. Commun., 1981, 148.
43. F. Swarts, Bull. Acad. R. Belg., 1898, 35, 301.
44. H.B. Gottlieb, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 532.
45. G.C. Finger and C.W. Kruse, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, 78, 6034.
46. W. Prescott, Chem. Ind., 1978, 56.
47. J.H. Clark, MJ. Robertson, D.K. Smith, A. Cook and C. Streich, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 28, 161.
48. R.D. Chambers, Fluorine in Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1973.
49. K.F. Bunnett and R.J. Morath, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 5051.
50. L.D. Starr and G.C. Finger, Chem. Ind., 1962, 1328.
51. G.C. Finger and L.D. Starr, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 2674.
52. G.C. Finger, L.D. Starr, D.R. Dickerson, H.S. Gutowsky and J. Hamer, J. Org. Chem., 1963, 28, 1666.
53. F. Mutterer and C.D. Weis, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1976, 59, 229.
54. H.C. Fielding, L.P. Gallimore, H.L. Roberts and B. Title, J. Chem. Soc. (C), 1966, 2142.
55. J. Gisley, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1980, 91, 9.
56. J.H. Clark, Chem. Rev., 1980, 80, 429.
57. N. Ishikawa, T. Kitazume, T. Yamazaki, T. Mochida and T. Tatsuno, Chem. Lett., 1981, 761.
58. J.H. Clark, A.P. Kybett and D.J. Macquarrie, Supported Reagents: Preparation, Analysis and Applications, VCH, New York, 1992.
59. T. Ando, S.J. Brown, J.H. Clark, D.G. Cork, T. Hanafusa, J. Ichihara, J.M. Miller and M.S. Robertson, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1986, 1133.
60. J.H. Clark, A.J. Hyde and D.K. Smith, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1986, 791.
61. J. Ichihara, T. Matsuo, T. Hanafusa and T. Ando, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1986, 793.
62. J. Yoshida and J. Kimura, J. Fluorine Chem., 1989, 44, 291.
63. J.H. Clark and D.J. Macquarrie, Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 28, 111.
64. J.H. Clark and J. Miller, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1982, 1318.
65. J. Joshida and J. Kimura, Chem. Lett., 1988, 1355.
66. E. Kysela and R. Braden, Gen. Offen. DE 3, 827, 436 (Chem. Abstr, 1990, 113, 40127e).
67. J.A. Wilkinson, Chem. Rev., 1992, 92, 505.
68. D.P. Cox, J. Terpinski and W. Lawrynowqicz, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3216.
69. N. Boechat and J.H. Clark, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1993, 921.
70. P. Bosch, F. Camps, E. Chamorro, V. Gasol and A. Guerrero, Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 28, 4733.
71. S.J. Brown and J.H. Clark, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 251. ?
72. S.J. Brown and J.H. Clark, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, 672.
73. J.H. Clark and D.K. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett., 1985, 26, 2233.
74. K.O. Christie, W.W. Wilson, R.D. Wilson, R. Bau and J. Feng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7619.
75. J.T. Welch, Tetrahedron, 1987, 43, 3123.
76. D.T.W. Chu and P.B. Fernandes, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1989, 33, 131.
77. P. Murray-Rust, W. C. Stallings, C.T. Monti, R.K. Preston and J. P. Glusker, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 3206.
78. S. Doddrell, G. Wenkert and P.V. Demorro, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 52, 162.
79. U. Madren, B. Ebert, P. Krogsgaard-Larsen and E.H.F. Wong, Fur. J. Med., 1992, 27, 479.
80. W. L. Kirk and C.R. Creveling, Med. Res. Rev., 1984, 4, 189.
81. W.K. Anderson, D.C. Dean and T. Endo, J. Med. Chem., 1990, 33, 1667.
82. J.F. Bunnett and R.E. Zahler, Chem. Rev., 1951, 49, 273.
83. L.S. Kobrina, Fluorine Chem. Rev., 1974,1, 1.
84. J. Miller, Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968.
85. R.D. Chambers, M.J. Seabury, D.L.H. Williams and N. Hughes, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1988, 251.
86. D.J. Burton, Z.Y. Yang and PA. Marten, Tetrahedron, 1994, 50, 2993.
87. R.O.C. Norman and R. Taylor, Electrophilic Substitution in Benzenoid Compounds, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965.
88. G.A. Olah, Y.K. Mo and J. Halpern, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 2034.
89. L.M. Stock and H.C. Brown, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 1963, 1, 35.
90. P. Lewis and G.H. Williams, J. Chem. Soc. (B), 1969, 120.
91. J.F.B. Sandall, R. Bolton and G.H. Williams, J. Fluorine Chem., 1973, 3, 35.
92. P.A. Claret, G.H. Williams and J. Coulson, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. (C), 1968, 341.
93. J.M. Birchall, R.N. Haszeldine and A.R. Parkinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 4966.
94. R. Bolton and G.H. Williams, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1986, 15, 261.
95. C.M. Starks and C. Liotta, Phase Transfer Catalysis, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
96. C.R. White, U.S. Patent 4., 642, 399 (1987) (Chem. Abstr., 1987, 106, 138966t).
97. T. Papenfuhs, A. Kanschik-Conradsen and W. Pressler, Ger. Offen. DE 4,020,130 (1992) (Chem. Abstr., 1992, 116, 173752p).
98. G.L. Cantrell, U.S. Patent 4,642,398 (1987) (Chem. Abstr., 1987, 106, 138077u).
99. J. Yoshida, O. Furasawa and J. Kimura, J. Fluorine Chem., 1991, 53, 301.
100. R.E. Banks, K.N. Mothersdale, A.E. Tipping, B.J. Cozens, and D.E.M. Wotton, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 46, 529.
101. R.G. Pews, J.A. Gall and J.C. Little, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 50, 365.
102. J.H. Clark and D.J. Macquarrie, J. Fluorine Chem., 1987, 35, 591.
103. M. Attino, F. Cacace and A.P. Wolf, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1983, 108.
104. J.H. Clark and N. Boechat, Chem. Ind., 1991, 436.
105. D.-R. Hwang, S.M. Moerlein, L. Lang and M.J. Welch, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1987, 1799.
106. N. Ishikawa, T. Tanabe and D. Hayashi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1975, 48, 359.
107. R.L. Markezich, O.S. Zamek, PE. Donahue and F.J. Williams, J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 3435.
108. J.D. Eras, J.G. Garcia, C.A. Mathis and J.M. Gerdes, J. Fluorine Chem., 1993, 63, 233.
109. A.J. Beaumont, J.H. Clark and N.A. Boechat, J. Fluorine Chem., 1993, 63, 25.
110. H. Suzuki, N. Yazawa, Y. Yoshida, O. Fururawa and J. Kimura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1990, 63, 2010.
111. M. Maggini, M. Passudetti, G. Gonzales-Trueba, M. Prato, U. Quintily and G. Scorrano, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 6406.
112. F. Effenberger and W. Streicher, Chem. Berg., 1991, 124, 157.
113. J. Ichikawa, K.-I. Sugimoto, T. Sonada and H. Kobayashi, Chem. Lett., 1987, 1985.
114. M. Van Der Puy, J. Fluorine Chem., 1982, 21, 385.
115. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry. Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, p. 674, 1992.
116. T.P Simonora, V.D. Nefedov, M.A. Toropova and N.F. Kirilov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1992, 61, 584.
117. A.I. Titov and A.N. Baryshnikova, Zh. Obsheh. Khim., 1953, 23, 346 (Chem. Abstr., 1954, 48, 2623f).
118. D.A. Fidler, J.S. Logan and M.M. Baudakian, J. Org. Chem., 1961, 26, 4014.
119. PH. Scott, C.P Smith, E. Kober and J.W. Churchill, Tetrahedron Lett., 1970, 14, 1153.
120. T.P. Patrick, J.A. Schield and D.G. Kirchner, J. Org. Chem., 1974, 39, 1758.
121. G. Balz and G. Schiemann, Chem. Ber., 1927, 60, 1186.
122. H. Bart, German Patent 281,055 (1915).
123. L. Dolby-Glover, Chem. Ind. (London), 1986, 518.
124. A. Roe, Org. React., 1949, 5, 193.
125. H. Suschitzky, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1965, 4, 1.
126. E.B. Starkey, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 793.
127. U.S. Patent 1,961,327 (1933).
128. A.P.J. Luttringhaus and H. Neresheimer, Liebigs. Ann., 1929, 259.
129. U. Wannagat and G. Hohlstein, Chem. Ber. 1955, 88, 1839.
130. D.J. Milner, Synth. Commun., 1988, 22, 73.
131. M.P. Doyle and W.J. Bryker, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 1572.
132. G. Schiemann and R. Pillarsky, Chem. Ber. 1929, 60, 3035.
133. A. Roe and H.C. Fleichmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 509.
134. R.J.W. Lefevre and E.E. Turner, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1158.
135. A. Muller, U. Roth and R. Miethchen,.J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 29, 205.
136. K.L. Kirk, J. Org. Chem., 1976, 41, 2373.
137. R.C. Peterson, A. DiMagggio, A.L. Herbert, T.J. Haley, J.P. Mykytka and I.M. Sarker, J. Org. Chem., 1971, 36, 631.
138. A. Roe and G.F. Hawkins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 2443.
139. E.D. Bergmann and M. Bentov, J. Org. Chem., 1954, 19, 1594.
140. E.D. Bergmann, S. Berkovic and R. Ikar, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, 78, 603.
141. I.K. Barben and H. Suschitzky, Chem. Ind. (London), 1957, 1693.
142. E.D. Bergmann and S. Berkovic, J. Org. Chem., 1961, 26, 919.
143. G. Schiemann, J. Prakt. Chem., 1934, 140, 97.
144. B.L. Zenitz and W.H. Hartung, J. Org. Chem., 1946, 11, 444.
145. M.A. Goldberg, E.P. Ordas and G. Carsch, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 260.
146. H. Nakazumi, I. Szele and H. Zollinger, Tetrahedron Lett., 1981, 22, 3053.
147. H. Nakazumi, I. Szele, K. Yoshida and H. Zollinger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1983, 66, 1721.
148. PH. Cheek, R.H. Wiley and A. Roe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 1863.
149. K.G. Rutherford, W. Redmond and J. Rigamonti, J. Org. Chem., 1961, 26, 5149.
150. J. Matsumoto, T. Miyamoto, A. Minamida, Y. Nishimura, H. Egawa and N. Nishimura, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1984, 21, 673.
151. J.P. Sanchez and R.D. Gogliotti, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1993, 30, 855.
152. W. Lange and K. Askitopoulos, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1935, 223, 369.
153. C.G. Swain, J.E. Sheats and K.G. Harbison, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 796.
154. C.G. Swain and R.J. Rogers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 799.
155. P. Burri, H. Loewenschuss, H. Zollinger and G.K. Zwolinski, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1974, 57, 395.
156. G.A. Olah and W.S. Tolgyesi, J. Org. Chem., 1961, 26, 2053.
157. A.N. Nesmeyanov, L.G. Makarova and T.P. Tolystaya, Tetrahedron, 1957, 1, 145.
158. L.G. Makarova and M.K. Matveena, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Otdel Chim. Nauk., 1960, 1974.
159. Y. Deng, Acta. Chim. Sin. (Engl. Ed.), 1989, 422.
160. R.L. Ferm and C.A. VanderWerf, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 12, 4809.
161. N.J. Stepaniuk and B.J. Lamb, U.S. Patent 124,500 (1987).
162. N.J. Stepaniuk and B.J. Lamb, U.S. Patent 124,501 (1987).
163. Y. Yoda, H. Hokogahara, I. Harada and T. Kuroda, Japanese Patent 03,167,143 (1991).
164. W. Shenk and G.R. Pellon, U.S. Patent 2,563,796 (1951).
165. M.M. Boudakain, U.S. Patent 7,07,975, (1976).
166. M.M. Boudakain, U.S. Patent 4,075,252, (1978).
167. J.S. Moillet, J. Fluorine Chem., 1987, 35, 38.
168. J.S. Moillet, U.K. Patent 2,173,188. 107, 23064r.
169. G.A. Olah, J.T. Welch, Y.D. Vankar, M. Nojima, I. Kerekes and J.A. Olah, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 3872.
170. T. Fukuhara, N. Yoneda, T. Sawada and A. Suzuki, Synth. Commun., 1987, 17, 685.
171. T. Fukuhara, N. Yoneda, and A. Suzuki, J. Fluorine Chem., 1988, 38, 435.
172. N. Yoneda, T. Fukuhara, T. Kikuchi and A. Suzuki, Synth. Commun., 1989, 19, 865.
173. T. Fukuhara, S. Sasaki, N. Yoneda and A. Suzuki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1990, 63, 2058.
174. G.C. Finger, F.H. Reed, D.M. Bumess, D.M. Fort and R.R. Blough, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 145.
175. H. Suschitzky, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 3042.
176. G.C. Finger and R.E. Oesterling, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, 78, 2593.
177. A.H. Vasek and L.C. Sams, J. Fluorine Chem., 1972, 2, 257.
178. A.H. Vasek and L.C. Sams, J. Fluorine Chem., 1973/4, 3, 397.
179. C.L. Jeffrey and L.C. Sams, J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 863.
180. F. Cacace and A.P. Wolf, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 3639.
181. V. Grakauskas, J. Org. Chem., 1970, 35, 723.
182. S. Misaki, J. Fluorine Chem., 1981, 17, 159.
183. S. Misaki, J. Fluorine Chem., 1982, 21, 191.
184. R.D. Chambers, C.J. Skinner, J. Thompson and J. Hutchinson, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1995, 17.
185. M. VanDerPuy, Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 28, 235.
186. S.T. Purrington and D.L. Woodward, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 143.
187. L.C. Sams, T.A. Reames and M.A. Durrance, J. Org. Chem., 1978, 43, 2273.
188. P. DiRaddo, M. Diksic and D. Jolly, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, 159.
189. M. Speranza, C.Y. Shuie, A.P. Wolf, D.S. Wilbur and G. Angelini, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 30, 97.
190. J. DeYoung, H. Kawa and R.J. Lagow, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1992, 811.
191. M.J. Adam, B.D. Pate, T.J. Ruth, J.M. Berry and L.D. Hall, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 733.
192. M.J. Adam, J.M. Berry, L.D. Hall, B.D. Pate and T.J. Ruth, Can. J. Chem., 1983, 61, 658.
193. M.K. Fifoly, R.T. Olczak and R.F. Mundhenke, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 4576.
194. M.R. Bryce, R.D. Chambers, S.T. Mullins and A. Parkin, J. Fluorine Chem., 1984, 26, 533.
195. O. Lerman, Y. Torr and S. Rozen, J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46, 4629.
196. O. Lerman, Y. Torr, D. Hebei and S. Rozen, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 806.
197. M. Speranza, C.Y. Shiue, A.P. Wolf, D.S. Wilbur and G. Angelini, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, 1448.
198. G.W.M. Visser, B.W.V. Halteren, J.D.M. Hercheid, G.A. Brinkman and A. Hoekstra, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1984, 665.
199. G.W.M. Visser, C.N.M. Bakker, B.W.V. Halteren, J.D.M. Hersceid, G.A. Brinkman and A. Hoekstra, J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 1886.
200. M.J. Adam, T.J. Ruth, S. Jivan and B.D. Pate, J. Fluorine Chem., 1984, 25, 329.
201. E.H. Appleman, L.J. Basile and R.C. Thompson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 3384.
202. D.P. Ip, C.D. Arthur, R.E. Winans and E.H. Appelman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 1964.
203. S. Stavber and M. Zupan, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1981, 148.
204. S. Stavber and M. Zupan, J. Fluorine Chem., 1981, 17, 597.
205. J. Stavber and M. Zupan, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 3609.
206. T.B. Patrick and D.L. Darling, J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 3242.
207. S. Stavber and M. Zupan, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 775.
208. E.H. Appleman, L.J. Basile and R. Hayatsu, Tetrahedron, 1984, 40, 1892.
209. S. Stavber, Z. Planinsek, I. Kosir and M. Zupan, J. Fluorine Chem., 1992, 59, 409.
210. M.J. Shaw, H.H. Hyman and R. Filler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 1563.
211. M.J. Shaw, H.H. Hyman and R. Filler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 6498.
212. M.J. Shaw, H.H. Hyman and R. Filler, J. Org. Chem., 1971, 36, 2917.
213. S.P. Anand, L.A. Quarterman, H.H. Hyman, K.G. Migliorese and R. Filler, J. Org. Chem., 1975, 40, 807.
214. S.P. Anand and R. Filler, J. Fluorine Chem., 1976, 7, 184.
215. S.P. Anand and R. Filler, J. Fluorine Chem., 1976, 7, 184.
216. S.P. Anand, L.A. Quarterman, P.A. Christian, H.H. Hyman and R. Filler, J. Org. Chem., 1975, 40, 3796.
217. E.D. Bergmann, H. Selig, C.H. Lin, M. Rabinovitz and I. Agranat, J. Org. Chem., 1975, 40, 3793.
218. A. Zweig, R.G. Fischer and J.E. Lancaster, J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 3597.
219. J. Burdon and J.C. Tatlow, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1960, 1, 129.
220. Y. Inoue, S. Nagase, K. Kodaira, H. Baba and T. Abe, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 2204.
221. V.A. Shreider and I.N. Rozhkov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 1976, 676.
222. I.N. Rochkov, A.V. Bukhtiarov and I.L. Knunyants, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1972, 1130.
223. M. Stacey and J.C. Tatlow, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1960, 1, 166.
224. R.N. Haszeldine and F. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 3617.
225. R.E. Banks, A.E. Ginsberg and R.N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1740.
226. B. Gething, C.R. Patrick, M. Stacey and J.C. Tatlow, Nature, 1959, 183, 588.
227. A.J. Edwards, R.G. Plevey, I.J. Sallomi and J.C. Tatlow, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1972, 1028.
228. C.J. Schack and K.O. Christe, J. Fluorine Chem., 1981, 18, 363.
229. V.R. Polishchuk and L.S. German, Tetrahedron Lett., 1972, 51, 569.
230. R.E. Banks, V. Murtagh and E. Tsiliopoulos, J. Fluorine Chem., 1991, 52, 389.
231. W.E. Barnette, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 452.
232. T. Umemoto, K. Kawada and K. Tomita, Tetrahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 4465.
233. D. Hebei and K.L. Kirk, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 47, 179.
234. F.A. Davis and W. Han, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 1631.
235. V. Snieckus, F. Beaulieu, K. Mohri, W. Han, C.K. Murphy and F.A. Davis, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3465.
236. S. Singh, D.D. Desmarteau, S.S. Zuben, M. Witz and H. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 7194.
237. R.E. Banks and A. Khazali, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 46, 297.
238. T. Umemoto, S. Fukami, G. Tomizawa, K. Harasawa, K. Kawada and K. Tomita, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 8563.
239. A.S. Kiselyov and L. Strekowski, J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 4476.
240. R.E. Banks, R.A. DuBoisson and E. Tsiliopoulos, J. Fluorine Chem., 1986, 32, 461.
241. R.E. Banks, R.A. DuBoisson, W.D. Morton and E. Tsiliopoulos, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1988, 2805.
242. R.E. Banks and I. Sharif, J. Fluorine Chem., 1988, 41, 297.
243. R.E. Banks and I. Sharif, J. Fluorine Chem., 1991, 55, 207.
244. R.E. Banks, S.N. Mohialkin Khaffaf, F. Lai, I. Sharif and R.G. Syvret, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1992, 595.
245. M.M. Boudakian and G.A. Hyde, J. Fluorine Chem., 1984, 25, 435.
246. W.K.R. Musgrave, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1960, 1, 21.
247. A.A. Gakg, A.A. Tuinman, J.L. Adcock and R.N. Compton, Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 34, 7267.
248. D.M. Mulvey, A.M. Demarco and L.M. Weinstock, Tetrahedron Lett., 1978, 16, 1419.
249. M.A. McClinton and D. McClinton, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 6555.
250. K. Uneyama, J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn., 1991, 49, 612.
251. D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1990, 29, 1320.
252. N. Muller, J. Pharm. Set, 1986, 75, 987.
253. V. Reiffenrath, J. Krause, H.L. Plach and G. Weber, Liquid Crystl., 1989, 5, 159.
254. G.W. Gray, M. Hird and K.J. Toyne, Mol. Crystl. Liq. Crystl., 1991, 206, 205.
255. H. Smith, 1992, D.Phil. thesis, University of York (U.K).
256. P.E. Cassidy, Polym. Prep., 1990, 31, 338.
257. P.E. Cassidy, T.M. Aminabhavi and J.M. Farley, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1989, C29, 365.
258. A.G. Farnham and R.N. Johnson, U.S. Patent 3,332,909 (1967).
259. T. Ichino, S. Sasaki, T. Matsura and S. Nishi, J. Polym. Sci. Part A-l, 1990, 28, 232.
260. T. Matsuura, N. Yamada, S. Nishi and J. Hasuda, Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 419.
261. W.R. Shiang and E.P. Woo, J. Polym. Sci. Part A, 1993, 31, 2081.
262. J.H. Clark and J.E. Denness, Polymer, 1994, 35, 5124.
263. Z.G. Gardlund, Polymer, 1993, 34, 1850.
264. G. Maier, R. Hecht, O. Nuyken, K. Burger and B. Helmreich, Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 2583.
265. T. Matsuura, Y. Hasuda, S. Nishi and N. Yamada, Macromolecules, 1991, 24, 5001.
266. J.H. Clark and D.K. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett., 1985, 26, 2227.
267. K. Hasokawa, S. Fugii and K. Inukai, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1980, 1304 (Chem. Abstr., 1981, 94, 45498a).
268. J.H. Simons and R.E. McArthur, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 364.
269. H. Kimoto and L.A. Cohen, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 2902.
270. H. Kimoto and L.A. Cohen, J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 3831.
271. L. Strekowski, R.L. Wydra, M.T. Legla, A. Czarry, D.B. Harden, S.E. Patterson, M.A. Battiste, and J.M. Coxan, J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 4777.
272. A.L. Henne and M.S. Newman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 1697.
273. J. Riera, J. Cartaner, J. Carilla and A. Robert, Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 3825.
274. J. Castaner, J. Riera, J. Carilla, A. Robert, E. Molins and C. Miravitlles, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 103.
275. P. Buu-Hoi, Nguyen D. Xuong and Nguyen V. Bac., Compt. Rend., 1963, 257, 3182.
276. H. Ogoshi, H. Mizushima, H. Toi and Y. Aoyama, J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 2366.
277. G. Meazza and G. Zanardi, J. Fluorine Chem., 1991, 55, 199.
278. M. Hudlicky, Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds, Pergamon Press, New York, 1961.
279. F. Swarts, Bull. Akad. R. Belg., 1898, 35, 375.
280. J.H. Simons and C.J. Lewis, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 492.
281. M.M. Boudakian, in Kirk-Othmer: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 10, 3rd edition, eds. M. Grayson and D. Eckroth, Wiley, New York, p.901, 1980.
282. M.M. Boudakian, J. Fluorine Chem., 1987, 36, 293.
283. T. Nakagawa, U. Hiramatsu and T. Honda, U.S. Patent 1983, 4, 393, 257.
284. Y. Ohsaka, U. Hiramatsu and T. Honda, U.S. Patent 1983, 4,400,563.
285. A.E. Feiring, J. Fluorine Chem., 1972, 10, 375.
286. A.E. Feiring, U.S. Patent 1977, 4,051,148.
287. A. Marhold and E. Klauke, J. Fluorine Chem., 1981, 18, 281.
288. A.J. Bloodworth, K.J. Bowyer and J.C. Mitchell, Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 28, 5347.
289. V.C.R. McLoughlin and J. Thrower, U.S. Patent 1968, 3,408,411.
290. Y. Kobayasti, K. Yamanoto and I. Kumadaki, Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 42, 4071.
291. G.E. Carr, R.D. Chambers, T.F. Holmes and D.G. Parker, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans I, 1988, 921.
292. N.V. Kondratenko, E.P. Vechirko and L.M. Yagupol'skii, Synthesis, 1980, 932.
293. T. Umemoto and A. Ando, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1986, 59, 447.
294. J.M. Paratian, S. Sibille and J. Périchon, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1992, 53.
295. D.M. Wiemers and D.J. Burton. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 832.
296. M.A. Willert-Porada, D.J. Burton and N.C. Baenziger, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1989, 1633.
297. D.J. Burton, D.M. Wiemers and J.C. Easdon, U.S. Patent 1986, 4,582,921.
298. Q.-Y. Chen and S.-W. Wu, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1989, 705.
299. Q.-Y. Chen and J.-X. Duan, J. Chem, Soc. Chem. Commun., 1993, 1389.
300. D.-B. Su, J.-X. Duan and Q.-Y. Chen, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 7689.
301. H. Urata and T. Fuchikami, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 91.
302. J.H. Clark, M.A. McClinton and R.J. Blade, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1988, 638.
303. J.H. Clark, M.A. McClinton, C.W. Jones, P. Landon, D. Bishop and R.J. Blade, Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 2133.
304. J.H. Clark, J.E. Denness, M.A. McClinton and A.J. Wynd, J. Fluorine. Chem., 1990, 50, 411.
305. J.M. Birchall, G.P. Irvin and R.A. Bayson, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1975, 435.
306. Y. Kobayashi, I. Kumadaki, A. Ohsawa, S.I. Murakami and T. Nakano, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1978, 26, 1247.
307. Y. Girard, J.-G. Atkinson, PC. Bélanger, J.J. Fuentes, J. Rokach, C.S. Rooney, D.C. Remy and C.A. Hunt, J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 3220.
308. M. Yashida, T. Yashida, M. Kobayashi and N.J. Kamigata, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1989, 909.
309. E.S. Huyser and E. Bedard, J. Org. Chem., 1964, 29, 1588.
310. A.B. Cowell and C. Tamborski, J. Fluorine Chem., 1981, 17, 345.
311. J.H. Simons and E.-O. Ramler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 389.
312. B.R. Langlois, E. Laurent and N. Roidot, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 7525.
313. C. Wakselman and M. Tordeux, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1987, 1701.
314. M. Tordeux, B. Langlois and C. Wakselman, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 2293.
315. Y. Tanabe, N. Matsuo and N. Ohno, J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 4582.
316. A. Gregoric and M. Zupan, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 4120.
317. D. Naumann and J. Kischkewitz, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 47, 283.
318. D. Naumann, B. Wilkes and J. Kischkewitz, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 30, 73.
319. H. Sawada, M. Nakayama, M. Yoshida, T. Yoshida and N. Kamigata, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 46, 423.
320. C. Lai and T.E. Mallouk, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1993, 1359.
321. D. Cech and B. Schwarz, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 1991, 9, 29 (Chem. Abstr., 1981, 95, 220035s).
322. T. Umemoto and O. Miyano, Tetrahedron Lett., 1982, 23, 3929.
323. L. Hein and D. Cech, Z. Chem., 1977, 17, 415 (Chem. Abstr., 1978, 88, 37747s).
324. L. Hein, D. Cech and C. Liebenthal, Ger (East), 1977, 119, 427 (1977) (Chem. Abstr., 1978, 86, 106645e).
325. H. Kimoto, S. Fujii and L.A. Cohen, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1060.
326. H. Kimoto, S. Fujii and L.A. Cohen, J. Org. Chem., 1982, 47, 2867.
327. M. Nishida, H. Kimoto, S. Fujii, H. Hayakawa and L.A. Cohen, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1991, 64, 2255.
328. J.H.D. Utley and R.J. Holman, Electrochem. Acta, 1976, 21, 987.
329. J.H. Tobin, U.S. Patent 1977, 4,038,331.
330. V.M. Labroo, R.B. Labroo and L.A. Cohen, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 5705.
331. T. Umemoto and S. Ishihara, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 3579.
332. T. Umemoto and S. Ishihara, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 2156.
333. W.R. Hasek, W.C. Smith and V.A. Engelhardt, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1960, 82, 543.
334. W. J. Middleton, U.S. Patent 1975, 3,914,265 and U.S. Patent 1976, 3976691.
335. L.C. Rinzema, J. Stoffelsma and J. Arens, Red. Trav. Chim., 1959, 78, 354.
336. R. Breslow and D.S. Pandey, J. Org, Chem., 1980, 45, 740.
337. D.P. Matthews, J.P. Whitten and J.R. McCarthy, Tetrahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 4861.
338. Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischem Chemie, Band IX, ed. E. Mueller, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1955.
339. M. Kuroboshi and T. Hiyama, Chem. Lett., 1992, 827.
340. S. Rozen and E. Mishani, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1994, 2081.
341. C.W. Jones, J.P. Sankey and W.R. Sanderson, Fluorine in Agriculture, Fluorine Technology, Cheshire, 1994.
342. L.M. Yagupolsky and M.S. Maranets, J. Gen. Chem., USSR, 1955, 25, 1725.
343. E.A. Nocliff, S. Lipschutz, P.N. Craig and M. Gordon, J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 60.
344. L.M. Yagupolsky, in Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds with Fluorine-Containing Substituents, Nasukova Dumka, Kiev, 1989, p. 132.
345. Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks, B.E. Smart and J.C. Tatlo, Plenum Press, New York, 1994.
346. B. Langlois in Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology, Cheshire, 1994.
347. J.L. Clave, B. Langlois, C. Wakselman and M. Tordeux, Phosphorus, Sulphur Silicon, 1991, 59, 129.
348. W.A. Sheppard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 83, 1314. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, ed. G.W. Gray, Wiley, New York, 1987.
349. M.A. McClinton and D.A. McClinton, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 6555.
350. A. Leo, C. Hansch and D. Elkins, Chem. Rev., 1971, 71, 525.
351. W.A. Sheppard, J. Org. Chem., 1964, 29, 1.
352. A.J. Beaumont and J.H. Clark, J. Fluorine Chem., 1991, 52, 295.
353. J. Dickey, U.S. Patent, 2, 436, 100 (1938).
354. L.M. Yagupalsky and A.I. Kiprianov, J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1952, 22, 2273.
355. I.G. Farbenindustrie, A-G., British Patent 479, 774 (1938).
356. L.M. Yagupolsky and M.S. Marenets, J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1954, 24, 885.
357. L.M. Yagupolsky, N.V. Kondratenko and V.P. Sambur, Synthesis, 1975, 721.
358. H.L. Yale, F. Sowinski and J. Bernstein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4375.
359. D.C. Remy, K.E. Rittle, C.A. Hunt and M.B. Freedman, J. Org. Chem., 1976, 41, 1644.
360. J.H. Clark, C.W. Jones, A.P. Kbyett, M.A. McClinton, J.M. Miller, D. Bishop and R.J. Blade, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 48, 249.
361. J.H. Clark and H. Smith, J. Fluorine Chem., 1993, 61, 223.
362. N.V. Kondratenko, A.A. Kolomeytrev, V.I. Popov and L.M. Yagupolsky, Synthesis, 1985, 667.
363. Q.-Y. Chen and J-X. Duan, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1993, 918.
364. A. Haas and W. Dmowski, Chimia, 1985, 39, 185; (Chem. Abstr., 1986, 104, 33982).
365. W. Dmowski and A. Haas, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans I, 1987, 2119.
366. W. Dmowski and A. Haas, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, 1988, 1179.
367. G.A.R. Brandt, H.J. Emeleus and R.N. Haszledine, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2198.
368. A. Haas and C. Klare, Fluorine Chem., 1989, 42, 265.
369. S. Andreades, J.F. Harris, Jr., and W.A. Sheppard, J. Org. Chem., 1964, 29, 899.
370. W.A. Sheppard, J. Org. Chem., 1964, 29, 895.
371. R.N. Haszeldine, R.B. Rigby and A.E. Tipping, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1972, 2180.
372. A. Haas, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1981, 20, 647.
373. C. Wakselman and M. Tordeux, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 4047.
374. C. Wakselman, M. Tordeux, J.-L. Clavel and B. Langlois, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1991, 993.
375. J.B. Hendrickson and K.W. Bair, J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 3875.
376. L.M. Yagupolsky, N.V. Kondratenko and V.P. Sambur, Synthesis, 1975, 249.
377. C. Walsh, Tetrahedron, 1982, 38, 871.
378. A. Sekiya and T. Umemoto, Chem. Lett., 1982, 1519.
379. S.J. Temple, J. Org. Chem., 1968, 33, 344.
380. O.R. Pierce, E.T. McBee and G.F. Judd, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 477.
381. C. Wakselman and M. Tordeux, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1987, 1701.
382. M. Tordeux, B. Langlois and C. Wakselman, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1990, 2293.
383. W.A. Sheppard, J. Org. Chem., 1964, 29, 1.
384. T. Fujita, J. Iwasa and C. Hansch, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 5157.
385. I. Roco and C. Wakselman, Tetrahedron Lett., 1981, 22, 323.
386. L.M. Yagupolskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R., 1953, 105, 100.
387. B. Blank, U.S. Patent 3,021,368 (1962) CA 1962, 57, 4597i.
388. B. Langlois and G. Soule, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1986, 925.
389. N. Mitrani, F. Flamand, A. Uzan, J.J. Legrand, C. Gueremy and G. Lefur, Neuropharmacology, 1985, 24, 1085.
390. R.V. Davies, Conference Proceedings, Fluorine in Medicine in the 21st Century; UMIST, UK, 1994.
391. J.A.C. Allison and G.H. Cady, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 1089.
392. R. Louw and P.W. Franken, Chem. Ind. (London), 1977, 127. British Patent 765,527, 1975.
393. A.E. Feiring, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 2907.
394. B. Langlois and G. Soula, Bull. Chem. Soc. Fr., 1986, 925; J. Fluorine Chem., 1987, 35, 39.
395. T. Ichino, S. Sasaki, T. Matsuura and S. Nishi, J. Polym. Sci. Part A, 1990, 28, 323.
396. A. Mendel, U.S. Patent 3766247: CA 1974, 80, 14747n.
397. J.P. Idoux, J.T. Gupton, C.K. McCurry, A.D. Crews, C.D. Jurss, C. Colon and R.C. Rampi, J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 3771.
398. J.P. Idoux, M.L. Madenwald, B.S. Garcia and D.L. Chu, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 1876.
399. G.V. Tiers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1960, 82, 1960.
400. J.J. Drysdale and D.D. Coffman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1960, 82, 5111.
401. M. Yoshida, H. Amemiya, M. Kobayashi, H. Sawada, H. Hagii and K. Aoshima, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1985, 234.
402. M. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, M. Kobayashi and N. Kamigato, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1989, 909.
403. M. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, N. Kamigato and M. Kobayashi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1988, 61, 3549.
404. M. Matsui, S. Kawamura, K. Shibita, M. Mitani, H. Sawada and M. Nakayama, J. Fluorine Chem., 1992, 57, 209.
405. L.M. Yagupolskii, I.I. Maletina, N.V. Kondratenko and V.V. Orda, Synthesis, 1978, 835.
406. W.H. Huang, J. Fluorine Chem., 1992, 58, 1.
407. N. Kamigata, T. Ohtsuka, T. Fukushima, M. Yoshida and T. Shimizu, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 1339.
408. W.R. Hasek, W.C. Smith and V.A. Engelhardt, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1960, 82, 543.
409. T. Kitazume and N. Ishikawa, Chem. Lett., 1982, 137.
410. V.C.R. McLoughlin and J. Thrower, Tetrahedron, 1969, 25, 5921.
411. G.J. Chen and C. Tamborski, J. Fluorine Chem., 1989, 43, 207.
412. G.J. Chen, L.S. Chen and K.C. Eaper, J. Fluorine Chem., 1993, 63, 113.
413. G.J. Chen, J. Fluorine Chem., 1990, 46, 137.
414. J.W. Labadie and J.L. Hedrick, Polym. Prep., 1990, 31, 344. 32.
415. S.Y. Kim and J.W. Labadie, Polym. Prep., 1991, 32, 164.
416. F. Bellini and K. Sestanj, U.S. Patent 1986, 4,604,406.
417. D.J. Burton, D.M. Wiemers and J.C. Easdon, U.S. Patent 1986, 4,582,921.
418. G.E. Carr, R.D. Chambers, T.F. Holmes and D.G. Parker, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1988, 921.
419. J.N. Freskos, Synth. Commun., 1988, 965.
420. D.R. Buckle, D.S. Eggleston, I.L. Pinto, D.G. Smith and J.M. Tedder, Bioinorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1992, 2, 1161.
421. A.E. Feiring, J. Fluorine Chem., 1977, 10, 375; J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 1252.
422. C.L. Liotta and H.P. Harris, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 2250.
423. N. Ishikawa, T. Kitazume, T. Yamazaki, Y. Mochida and T. Tatsuno, Chem. Lett., 1981, 762.
424. J. Ichihara, T. Matsuo, T. Hanafusa and T. Ando, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1986, 793.
425. J.H. Clark, A.J. Hyde and D.K. Smith, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1986, 791.
426. T. Ando, D.G. Cork, M. Fujita, T. Kimura and T. Tatsuno, Chem. Lett., 1988, 1877.
427. J. Ichihara, T. Hanafusa, Y. Takai and Y. Ito, Chem. Lett., 1992, 1161.
428. H. Sonoda, T. Sonoda and H. Kobayashi, Chem. Lett., 1985, 233.
429. M.A. McClinton and D.A. McClinton, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 6555.
430. Y. Kobayashi, K. Yamamoto and I. Kumadaki, Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 42, 4071.
431. A. Ando, T. Miki and I. Kumadaki, J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 3637.
432. C.H. Depuy and A.L. Schultz, J. Org. Chem., 1974, 39, 878.
433. B.R. Langlois, J. Fluorine Chem., 1988, 41, 247.
434. J. Hine and J.J. Porter, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5493.
435. J. Hine and K. Tanabe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80, 3002.
436. T.G. Miller and J.W. Thanassi, J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 2009.
437. A. Marhold, Paper 13, Fluorine in Agriculture, Manchester (UK), 1995.
438. The Pesticide Manual, 8th edition, British Crop Protection Council, Bracknell, UK, 1987.
439. Chemistry International (IUPAC), 1994, 16, 210.
440. M. Silvester, Performance Chemicals, 1988, 18.
441. D.W. Ramsay, J. Soc. Dyers Colourists, 1981, 97, 102.
442. H. Burgin, Cibracon-C-Farbstoffe, paper read at the meeting of the Society of Northern Textile Engineers, Boras, Sweden, 1989.
443. S. Abeta and T. Omura, Nikkakyo Geppo, 1987, 8-15 (Chem. Abstr., 1987, 107, 200367).
444. S. Abeta and K. Imada, Rev. Prog. Coloration, 1990, 20, 19.
445. J.P. Luttringer and A. Tzikas, Textilveredlung, 1990, 25, 311.
446. K.J. Herd, in Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks et al. Plenum Press, New York, 1994, Chapter 13.
447. T. Inoi, in Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1994, Chapter 12.
448. Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1994.
449. P.E. Cassidy, T.M. Aminbhavi and J.M. Farley, Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1989, C29(2&3), 365.
450. J.H. Clark and J.E. Denness, Polymer, 1994, 35, 5124.
451. J.W. Labadie and J.L. Hedrick, Macromolecules, 1990, 23, 5371.
452. W.R. Shiang and E.P. Wood, J. Polym. Sci. Part A, 1993, 21, 2081.
453. B. Minter, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 3.
454. A.T. Woodbum, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 2.
455. J.G. Dingwall, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 20.
456. Y. Sanemitsu, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 18.
457. R.E. Banks, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 1.
458. G.T. Newbold, in Organofluorine Chemicals and their Industrial Applications, ed. R.E. Banks, Ellis Horwood, London, 1979.
459. S. Nathan, Chem. Ind.(UK), 1994, 936.
460. A. Marhold, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 13.
461. W. Bemhagen, Speciality Chemicals, 1993, 256.
462. D. Cartwright, in Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1994, Chapter 11.
463. Fluorine in Medicine, eds. R.E. Banks and K.C. Lowe, UMIST, Manchester, 1994.
464. C. Heidelberger, N.K. Chaudhuri, P. Danneburg, D. Mooren, L. Griesbach, R. Duchinsky, R.J. Schnitzer, E. Pleven and J. Scheiner, Nature, 1957, 179, 1957.
465. A. Engel, Organogluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications, eds. R.E. Banks et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1994, Chapter 13B.
466. C. Mercier and P. Youmans, Fluorine in Agriculture, ed. R.E. Banks, Fluorine Technology Ltd., Cheshire, 1994, paper 10.