Laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke: A selfcontrolled case series analysis of national linked datasets from Scotland

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2018, Pages AR-

  Warren Gash, Charlotte ^a,b   Blackburn, Ruth ^b   Whitaker, Heather ^c   McMenamin, Jim ^d   Hayward, Andrew C ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d HEALTH PROTECTION SCOTLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA VACCINE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; VACCINE;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CASE STUDY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL OUTCOME; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RESPIRATORY VIRUS; RISK FACTOR; SCOTLAND; SEASON; SELF CONTROL; SELF CONTROLLED CASE SERIES ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; VERY ELDERLY; ACUTE DISEASE; COMPLICATION; FACTUAL DATABASE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEART INFARCTION; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FEMALE; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA VACCINES; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; PNEUMONIA, STAPHYLOCOCCAL; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; SCOTLAND; SEASONS; STROKE; VACCINES;

EID: 85051665560     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: 13993003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01794-2017     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1459-1544.
2. World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. Www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html Date last accessed: July 20, 2017. Date last updated: January, 2017.
3. Barnes M, Heywood AE, Mahimbo A, et al. Acute myocardial infarction and influenza: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Heart 2015; 101: 1738-1747.
4. Warren-Gash C, Smeeth L, Hayward AC. Influenza as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 601-610.
5. Corrales-Medina VF, Suh KN, Rose G, et al. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS Med 2011; 8: e1001048.
6. Huijskens EGW, van Erkel AJM, Palmen FMH, et al. Viral and bacterial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7: 567-573.
7. Hirama T. A Real-time PCR-based diagnostic test for organisms in respiratory tract infection. 2016. Www. Intechopen.com/books/polymerase-chain-reaction-for-biomedical-applications/a-real-time-pcr-based-diagnostic-testfor-organisms-in-respiratory-tract-infection Date last accessed: May 23, 2017.
8. Udell JA, Zawi R, Bhatt DL, et al. Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2013; 310: 1711.
9. Simonsen L, Taylor RJ, Viboud C, et al. Mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people: an ongoing controversy. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7: 658-666.
10. Ren S, Newby D, Li SC, et al. Effect of the adult pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart 2015; 2: e000247.
11. Vlachopoulos CV, Terentes-Printzios DG, Aznaouridis KA, et al. Association between pneumococcal vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 22: 1185-1199.
12. Ison MG, Campbell V, Rembold C, et al. Cardiac findings during uncomplicated acute influenza in ambulatory adults. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 415-422.
13. Reyes LF, Restrepo MI, Hinojosa CA, et al. Severe pneumococcal pneumonia causes acute cardiac toxicity and subsequent cardiac remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196: 609-620.
14. Singanayagam A, Singanayagam A, Elder DHJ, et al. Is community-acquired pneumonia an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 187-196.
15. Petersen I, Douglas I, Whitaker H. Self controlled case series methods: an alternative to standard epidemiological study designs. BMJ 2016; 354: i4515.
16. Whitaker HJ, Farrington CP, Spiessens B, et al. Tutorial in biostatistics: the self-controlled case series method. Stat Med 2006; 25: 1768-1797.
17. Public Health England. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the United Kingdom: winter 2014 to 2015. Report 2015046. 2015. Www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment-data/file/429617/Annualreport-March2015-ver4.pdf Date last accessed: July 20, 2017.
18. Yang L, Ma S, Chen PY, et al. Influenza associated mortality in the subtropics and tropics: results from three Asian cities. Vaccine 2011; 29: 8909-8914.
19. Green HK, Andrews N, Fleming D, et al. Mortality attributable to influenza in England and Wales prior to, during and after the 2009 pandemic. PLoS One 2013; 8: e79360.
20. Hung IFN, Zhang AJ, To KKW, et al. Unexpectedly higher morbidity and mortality of hospitalized elderly patients associated with rhinovirus compared with influenza virus respiratory tract infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18: E259.
21. Widmer K, Zhu Y, Williams JV, et al. Rates of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus in older adults. J Infect Dis 2012; 206: 56-62.
22. van Asten L, van den Wijngaard C, van Pelt W, et al. Mortality attributable to 9 common infections: significant effect of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza B, norovirus, and parainfluenza in elderly persons. J Infect Dis 2012; 206: 628-639.
23. Lee N, Lui GCY, Wong KT, et al. High morbidity and mortality in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57: 1069-1077.
24. Blackburn R, Hayward AC, Pebody R, et al. Laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as predictors of hospital admission for myocardial infarction and stroke: time-series analysis of English data for 2004-2015. Clin Infect Dis 2018; in press [https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1144].
25. Smeeth L, Thomas SL, Hall AJ, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2611-2618.
26. Warren-Gash C, Hayward AC, Hemingway H, et al. Influenza infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction in England and Wales: a CALIBER self-controlled case series study. J Infect Dis 2012; 206: 1652-1659.
27. Public Health England. Influenza immunisation programme for England: GP patient groups data collection survey season 2015-2016. Report 2016087. 2016. Www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment-data/file/544552/Seasonal-flu-GP-patient-groups-annual-report-2015-2016.pdf Date last accessed: June 21, 2017.
28. Ren S, Hure A, Peel R, et al. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of cardiovascular events: the Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunization of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE). Am Heart J 2016; 177: 58-65.
29. Wen Y-C, Hsiao F-Y, Chan KA, et al. Acute respiratory infection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on risk of acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide case-crossover study. J Infect Dis 2017; 215: 503-509.