Sucrose metabolism in sources and sinks

Photoassimilate Distribution Plants and Crops Source-Sink Relationships

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 115-156

  Quick, W Paul ^a   Schaffer, Arthur A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b VOLCANI CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85051464221     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203743539     Document Type: Chapter

References (335)

1. Amor, Y., Haigler, C. H., Johnson, S., Wainscott, M., Delmer, D. P. (1995) A membrane-associated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (in press)
2. Anderson, R. S., Ewing, E. E.(1978)Partial purification of potato tuber invertase and its proteinaceous inhibitor. Phytochem.17, 1077-1081
3. ap Rees, T.(1974)Pathways of carbohydrate breakdown in higher plants. In: International review of biochemistry, Vol. 11, pp. 90-127, Northcote, D. H., ed. Buttersworth, London
4. ap Rees, T.(1984)Sucrose metabolism. In: Storage carbohydrates in vascular plants, pp. 53-74, Lewis, D. H., ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
5. ap Rees, T.(1985)The organization of glycolysis and the oxidative phosphate pathway in plants. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, Vol. 18, pp. 391-417, Douce, R., Day, D. A., eds. Springer Verlag, Berlin
6. ap Rees, T.(1988)Hexose phosphate metabolism by nonphotosynthetic tissues of higher plants. In: The biochemistry of plants, Vol. 14, pp. 1-33, Preiss, J., ed. Academic Press, San Diego
7. ap Rees, T., Fuller, W. A., Wright, B. W.(1976) Pathways of carbohydrate oxidation during thermogenesis by the spadix of Arum maculatum Biochim.Biophys.Acta 437, 22-35
8. ap Rees, T., Hill, S. A.(1994) Metabolic control of plant metabolism. Plant Cell Environ. 17, 587-589
9. ap Rees, T., Morell, S.(1990) Carbohydrate metabolism in developing potatoes. Am. Potato J. 67, 835-847
10. AraiM., Mori, H., Imaseki, H.(1992) Cloning and sequence of cDNAs for an intracellular acid invertase from etiolated hypocotyls of mung bean and expression of the gene during growth of seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol. 33, 245-252
11. Avigad, G.(1982) Sucrose and other disaccharides. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, Vol. 13A, pp. 217-347, Loewus, F. A., Tanner, W., eds. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg
12. Benhamou, N., Grenier, J., Chrispeels, M.(1991) Accumulation of β-fructosidase in the cell-walls of tomato roots following infection by a fungal wilt pathogen.Plant Physiol. 97, 739-750
13. Black, C. C., Carnal, C. W., Paz, N.(1985) Role of pyrophosphate and Fru2,6BP in regulating plant sugar metabolism. In: Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning in photosynthetic tissue, pp. 109-126, Heath, R. L. and Preiss, J. eds. Baltimore, Waverley
14. Black, C. C., Mustardy, L., Sung, S. S., Kormanik, P. P., Xu, D.-P., Paz, N.(1987)Regulation and roles for alternative pathways of hexose metabolism in plants. Physiol. Plant. 69, 387-394
15. Blanke, M. M., Lenz, F.(1989)Fruit photosynthesis.Plant Cell Environ. 12, 31-46
16. Borchart, S., Grosse, H., Heldt, H. W.(1989)Specific transport of inorganic phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, dihydroxy-acetone phosphate and 3-phospho-glycerate into amyloplasts from pea roots. FEBS253, 183-186
17. Boyer, C. D.(1996)Biochemical genetics of carbohydrate metabolism in source and sink tissue. In this volume, pp. 341-367.
18. Bracho, G. E., Whitaker, J. R.(1990a)Characteristics of the inhibition of potato (Solanum tuberosum)invertase by an endogenous proteinaceous inhibitor in potatoes. Plant Physiol. 92, 381-385
19. Bracho, G. E., Whitaker, J. R.(1990b)Purification and partial characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum)invertase and its endogenous proteinaceous inhibitor. Plant Physiol. 92, 386-394
20. Brown, S.C., Coombe, B. G.(1982)Sugar transport by an enzyme complex at the tonoplast of grape pericarp cells. Naturwiss.69, 43
21. Bryce, W. H., Nelson, O. E.(1979)Starch-synthesizing enzymes in the endosperm and pollen of maize.Plant Physiol. 63, 312-317
22. Burch, L. R., Davies, H. V., Cuthbert, E. M., Machray, G. C., Hedley, P., Waugh, R.(1992)Purification of soluble invertase from potato. Phytochem.31, 1901-1904
23. Burger, Y., Schaffer, A. A.(1991)Sucrose metabolism in mature fruit peduncles of Cucumismelo and Cucumissativus In: Recent advances in phloem transport and assimilate partitioning, pp. 244-247, Bonnemain, J. L. et al., eds. Ouest Editions, Nantes, France
24. Burrell, M. M., Mooney, P. J., Blundy, M., Carter, D., Wilson, F., GreenJ., Blundy, K. S., ap Rees, T.(1994)Genetic manipulation of 6-phosphofructokinase in potato tubers. Planta194, 95-101
25. Castrillo, M., Kruger, N. J., Whatley, F. R.(1992)Sucrose metabolism in mango fruit during ripening. Plant Sci. 84, 45-51
26. Chapleo, S., Hall, J. L.(1989)Sugar unloading in roots of Ricinuscommunis L.New Phytol. Vol III, 369-379
27. Chen, J. Q., Black, C. C.(1992)Biochemical and immunological properties of alkaline invertase isolated from sprouting soybean hypocotyls. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.295, 61-69
28. Chetelat, R. T., Klann, E., DeVerna, J. W., Yelle, S., Bennett, A. B.(1993)Inheritance and genetic mapping of fruit sucrose accumulation in Lycopersiconchmielewskii. Plant J. 4, 643-650
29. Chin, C. K., Weston, G. D.(1973)Distribution in excised Lycopersiconesculentum roots of the principal enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism. Phytochemistry12, 1229-1235
30. Chourey, P. S., Taliercio, E. W.(1994)Epistatic interaction and functional compensation between the two tissue-and cell-specific surcrose synthase genes in maize.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91, 7917-7921
31. Claussen, W., Loveys, B. R., Hawker, J. S.(1985)Comparative investigations on the distribution of sucrose synthase activity and invertase activity within growing, mature and old leaves of some C3 and C4 plant species. Physiol. Plant. 65, 275-280
32. 2 and sink size on rates of photosynthesis of a soybean cultivar.Plant Physiol. 67, 1007-1010
33. Copeland, L., Tanner, G. J.(1988)Hexose kinases of avocado. Physiol Plant. 74, 531-536
34. Copeland, L., Turner, J. F.(1987)The regulation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In: The biochemistry of plants, Vol. 11, pp. 107-128, Stumpf, P. K., Conn, E. E., eds., Academic Press, New York
35. Dai, N., Schaffer, A. A., Petreikov, M., Granot, D. (1995) Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase cDNA isolated by complementation of yeast cells. Plant Physiol. 108, 879-880
36. Dale, E. M., Housley, T. L.(1986)Sucrose synthase activity in developing wheat endosperms differing in maximum weight. Plant Physiol. 82, 7-10
37. Dali, N., Michaud, D., Yelle, S.(1992)Evidence for the involvement of sucrose phosphate synthase in the pathway of sugar accumulation in sucrose-accumulating tomato fruits. Plant Physiol. 99, 434-438
38. DancerJ., Neuhaus, H. E., Stitt, M.(1990)Subcellular compartmentation of uridine nucleotides and nucleoside-5'-diphosphate kinase in leaves. Plant Physiol. 92, 637-641
39. Dancer, J. E., ap Rees, T.(1989)Relationship between pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, sucrose breakdown and respiration. J. Plant Physiol. 135, 197-206
40. Davies, J. N.(1966)Occurrence of sucrose in the fruit of some species of LycopersiconNature209, 640-641
41. Davies, H. V., Oparka, K. J.(1985)Hexose metabolism in developing tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Maris Piper. J. Plant Physiol. 119, 311-316
42. Delmer, D., Stone, A.(1988)Biosynthesis of plant cell walls. In: The biochemistry of plants, Vol. 14, pp. 373-420. Preiss, J., ed. Academic Press, San Diego
43. Dennis, D. T., Greyson, M. F.(1987)Fructose 6-phosphate metabolism in plants. Physiol. Plant. 69, 395-404
44. Dey, P. M., Del Campillo, E.(1984)Biochemistry of the multiple forms of glycosidases in plants. Adv. Enzymol. 56, 141-249
45. Dick, P. S., ap Rees, T.(1975)Sucrose metabolism by roots of Pisumsativum. Phytochem.15, 255-259
46. Doehlert, D. C.(1987)Substrate inhibition of maize endosperm sucrose synthase by fructose and its interaction with glucose inhibition.Plant Sci. 52, 153-157
47. Doehlert, D. C.(1989)Separation and characterization of four hexose kinases from developing maize kernels.Plant Physiol. 89, 1042-1048
48. Doehlert, D. C.(1990)Distribution of enzyme activities within the developing maize (Zea mays) kernel in relation to starch, oil and protein accumulation. Physiol. Plant. 78, 560-567
49. Doehlert, D. C., Huber, S. C.(1983)Regulation of spinach leaf sucrose phosphate synthase by glucose-6-phosphate, inorganic phosphate, and pH. Plant Physiol. 73, 989-994
50. Doehlert, D. C., Chourey, P. S.(1991)Possible functions of sucrose synthase in sink function. In: Recent advances in phloem transport and assimilate compartmentation, pp. 187-195, Bonnemain, J. L., Delrot, S., Lucas, W. L., Dainty, J., eds. Ouest Editions, Nantes, France
51. Doehlert, D. C., Felker, F. C.(1987)Characterization and distribution of invertase activity in developing maize (Zea mays) kernels. Physiol. Plant. 70, 51-57
52. Doehlert, D. C., Kuo, T. M., Felker, F. C.(1988)Enzymes of sucrose and hexose metabolism in developing kernels of two inbreds of maize.Plant Physiol. 86, 1013-1019
53. Echeverría, E.(1992)Activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes during sucrose accumulation in developing acid limes.Plant Sci. 85, 125-129
54. Echeverría, E., Burns, J. K.(1989)Vacuolar acid hydrolysis as a physiological mechanism for sucrose breakdown. Plant Physiol. 90, 530-533
55. Echeverría, E., Humphreys, T.(1984)Involvement of sucrose synthase in sucrose catabolism.Phytochem.23,2173-2178
56. Echeverría, E., Salerno, G.(1994)Properties of sucrose-phosphate phosphatase from rice (Oryza sativa) leaves. Plant Sci. 96, 15-19
57. Echeverría, E., Salvucci, M. E.(1991)Sucrose phosphate is not transported into vacuoles or tonoplast vesicles from red beet (Beta vulgaris) Hypocotyl. Plant Physiol. 96, 1014-1017
58. Echeverría, E., Valich, J.(1989)Enzymes of sugar and acid metabolism in stored ‘Valencia’ oranges.J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114, 445-449
59. Edward, J., ap Rees, T.(1986a)Sucrose partitioning in developing embryos of round and wrinkled varieties of PisumsativumPhytochem.25, 2027-2032
60. Edward, J., ap Rees, T.(1986b)Metabolism of UDP-glucose by developing embryos of round and wrinkled varieties of PisumsativumPhytochem.25, 2033-2039
61. Elliot, K. J., Butler, W. O., Dickinson, C. D., Konno, Y., Vedvick, T. S., Fitzmaurice, L., Mirkoc, T. E.(1993)Isolation and characterization of fruit vacuolar invertase genes from two tomato species and temporal differences in mRNA levels during fruit ripening. Plant Mol. Biol. 21, 515-524
62. Entian, K. D., Barnet, J. A.(1992)Regulation of sugar utilisation by Saccharomyces cerevisiaeTIBS17, 506-510
63. Eschrich, W.(1980)Free space invertase, its possible role in phloem unloading. Ber.Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 93, 363-378
64. Fahrendorf, T., Beck, E.(1990)Cytosolic and cell-wall-bound acid invertases of Urticadioica L.: a comparison. Planta180, 237-244
65. Farineau, J., Laval-Martin, D.(1977)Light versus dark carbon metabolism in cherry tomato fruits. Plant Physiol. 60, 877-880
66. Farrar, J. F.(1991)Starch turnover: its role in source-sink relations and a comparison with the role of sucrose. In: Recent advances in phloem transport and assimilate compartmentation, pp. 213-223, Bonnemain, J. L., Delrot, S., Lucas, W. L., Dainty, J., eds. Ouest Editions, Nantes, France
67. Faye, L., Berjonneau, C.(1979)Evidence for the glycoprotein nature of radish P-fructosidase. Biochimie61, 51-59
68. Faye, L., Berjonneau, C., Ghorbel, A. W.(1982)Electrophoretic and immunochemical characterization of radish P-fructosidasemicroheterogeneity. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.213, 45-49
69. Faye, L., Chrispeels, M.(1989)Apparent inhibition of p-fructosidase inhibition by tunicamycin may be explained by breakdown of the unglycosylated protein during secretion. Plant Physiol. 89, 845-851
70. Faye, L., Ghorbel, A.(1983a)Studies on P-fructosidase from radish seedlings. II. Biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence for cell-wall-bound forms in vivo. Plant Sci. Lett. 29, 33-48
71. Faye, L., Ghorbel, A.(1983b)Studies on p-fructosidase from radish seedlings. III. Comparative studies on soluble and wall bound forms. Plant Sci. Lett. 29, 49-60
72. Faye, L., Ghorbel, A., Mouatassim, B.(1984)Glycosylation and intracellular transport: the example of radish p-fructosidase. Physiol. Veg. 22, 351-364
73. Fieuw, S., Willenbrink, J.(1987)Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. altissima)J. Plant Physiol. 131, 153-162
74. Fieuw, S., Willenbrink, J.(1990)Sugar transport and sugar metabolizing enzymes in sugar beet storage roots (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. altissima)J. Plant Physiol. 137, 216-223
75. Flugge, U. I., Heldt, H. W.(1991)Metabolite translocators of the chloroplast envelope.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. 42, 129-144
76. Foster, J. M., Smith, A. M.(1993)Metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate by plastids from developing pea embryos. Planta190, 17-24
77. Freeman, R. E., Simon, P. W.(1983)Evidence for simple genetic control of sugar type in carrot (Daucuscarota L.)J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 108, 50-54
78. Galtier, N., Foyer, C. H., Huber, J., Voelker, T. A., Huber, S. C.(1993)Effects of elevated sucrose-phosphate synthase activity on photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning, and growth in tomato (Lycopersiconesculentumvar UC82B). Plant Physiol. 101, 535-543
79. Gardner, A., Davies, H. V., Burch, L. R.(1992)Purification and properties of fructokinase from developing tubers of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.). Plant Physiol. 100, 178-183
80. Gayler, K. R., Glasziou, K. T.(1972)Physiological functions of acid and neutral invertases in growth and sugar storage in sugar cane. Physiol. Plant. 27, 25-31
81. Geigenberger, P., Langenberger, S., Wilke, I., Heineke, D., Heldt, H. W., Stitt, M.(1993)Sucrose is metabolized by sucrose synthase and glycolysis within the phloem complex of Ricinuscommunis L. seedlings. Planta190, 446-453
82. Geigenberger, P., Stitt, M.(1993)Sucrose synthase catalyses a readily reversible reaction in vivo in developing potato tubers and other plant tissues.Planta189, 329-339
83. Giaquinta, R. T.(1977)Sucrose hydrolysis in relation to phloem translocation in Beta vulgarisPlant Physiol. 60, 339-343
84. Giaquinta, R. T.(1979)Sucrose translocation and storage in the sugar beet.Plant Physiol. 63, 828-832
85. Godt, D. E., Riegel, A., Roitsch, T.(1995)Regulation of sucrose synthase expression in Chenopodium rubrum: Characterization of sugar induced expression in photoautotrophic suspension cultures and sink tissue specific expression in plants. J. Plant Physiol. 146, 231-238
86. Goldner, W., Thom, M., Maretzki, A.(1991)Sucrose metabolism in sugarcane cell suspension cultures. Plant Sci. 73, 143-147
87. Goldschmidt, E. E., Brandon, D.(1976)Vacuoles as storage and transformation organelles in beet root (abstract). Plant Physiol. 59, 104
88. Gross, P., ap Rees, T.(1986)Alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase and starch synthesis in amyloplasts. Planta167, 140-145
89. Hadas, R., Schaffer, A., Miron, D., Fogelman, M., Granot, D.(1995)PCR-generated molecular markers for the invertase gene and sucrose accumulation in tomato.Theor. Appl. Genet. 90, 1142-1148
90. Hajerezaei, M., Sonnewald, U., Viola, R., Carlisle, S., Bennis, D. T., Stitt, M.(1993)Potato plants with decreasedexpression of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase show no visible phenotype and only minor changes in metabolic fluxes in the tubers. Planta192, 16-30
91. Halaba, J., Rudnick, R. M.(1989)Invertase inhibitor in wilting flower petals. Sci. Hortic.40, 83-90
92. Halinska, A., Frenkel, C.(1991)Acetaldehyde stimulation of net gluconeogenic carbon movement from applied malic acid in tomato fruit pericarp tissue. Plant Physiol. 95, 954-960
93. Hargreaves, J. A., ap Rees, T.(1988)Sucrose and hexose metabolism by clubs of Typhoniumgiraldii and roots of PisumsativumPhytochem.27, 1621-1625
94. Hatch, M. D.(1964)Sugar accumulation by sugar-cane storage tissue.Biochem. J. 93, 521-526
95. Hatch, M. D., Glasziou, A. T.(1963)Sugar accumulation cycle in sugar cane. II. Relationship of invertase activity to sugar content and growth rate in storage tissue of plants grown in controlled environments. Plant Physiol. 38, 344-348
96. Hatch, M. D., Sacher, J. A. Glasziou, A. T. (1963)Sugar accumulation cycle in sugar cane. I. Studies on the enzymes of the cycle. Plant Physiol. 38, 338-343
97. Hawker, J. S.(1967)Inhibition of sucrose phosphatase by sucrose.Biochem. J. 102, 401
98. Hawker, J. S.(1969a)Changes in the activities of enzymes concerned with sugar metabolism during the development of grape berries. Phytochem.8, 9-17
99. Hawker, J. S.(1969b)Insoluble invertase from grapes: an artifact of extraction. Phytochem.8, 337-334
100. Hawker, J. S.(1985)Sucrose. In: Biochemistry of storage carbohydrates in green plants, pp. 1-51. Dey, P. M., Dixon, R. A., eds. Academic Press, London
101. Hawker, J. S., Hatch, M. D.(1965)Mechanism of sugar storage by mature stem tissue of sugar cane. Physiol. Plant. 18, 444-453
102. Hawker, J. S., Hatch, M. D.(1966)A specific sucrose phosphatase from plant tissues.Biochem. J. 99, 102-107
103. Hawker, J. S., Smith, G.(1984)Occurrence of sucrose phosphatase in vascular and non-vascular plants.Phytochem.23, 245-249
104. Hawker, J. S., Walker, R. R., Ruffner, H. P.(1976)Invertase and sucrose synthase in flowers.Phytochem.15,1441-1443
105. Hawker, J. S., Smith, G. M., Philips, H., Wiskich, J. T.(1987)Sucrose phosphatase associated with vacuole preparations from red beet, sugar beet, and immature sugarcane stem. Plant Physiol. 84, 1281-1285
106. Hawker, J. S., Jenner, C. F., Niemietz, C. M.(1991)Sugar metabolism and compartmentation. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 18, 227-237
107. Hedley, P. E., Machray, G. C., Davies, H. V., Burch, L. R., Waugh, R. (1993) cDNA cloning and expression of a potato (Solarium tuberosum)invertase. Plant Mol. Biol. 22, 917-922
108. Heim, U., Weber, H., Baumlein, H., Wobus, U.(1993)A sucrose synthase gene of Vida faba L.: expression pattern in developing seeds in relation to starch synthesis and metabolic regulation. Planta191, 394-401
109. Herold, A.(1980)Regulation of photosynthesis by sink activity: the missing link. New Phytol.86, 131-144
110. Hers, H. G., Van Schaftingen, E.(1982)Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate 2 years after its discovery. Biochem. J. 206, 1-12
111. Hers, H. G., Francois, J., VanSchaftingen(1985)Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate versus cyclic AMP in liver and in lower eucaryotic cells. Curr.Top.Cell Regul.27, 399-410
112. Hesse, H., Sonnewald, U., Willmitzer, L.(1995)Cloning and expression analysis of sucrose-phosphate synthase from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Mol. Gen. Genet. 247, 515-520
113. Hill, L. M., Smith, A. M.(1991)Evidence that glucose-6-phosphate is imported as the substrate for starch synthesis by the plastids of developing pea embryos. Planta185, 91-96
114. Ho, L. C.(1988)Metabolism and compartmentation of imported sugars in sink organs in relation to sink strength. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 39, 355-378
115. Ho, L. C., Lecharney, A., Willenbrink, J.(1991)Sucrose cleavage in relation to import and metabolism of sugars in sink organs. In: Recent advances in phloem transport and assimilate compartmentation, pp. 178-186, Bonnemain, J. L., Delrot, S., Lucas, W. L., Dainty, J., eds. Ouest Editions, Nantes, France
116. Hubbard, N. L., Huber, S. C., Pharr, M. D.(1989)Sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase as determinants of sucrose concentration in developing muskmelon (Cucumismelo L.) fruits. Plant Physiol. 91, 1527-1534
117. Hubbard, N. L., Pharr, D. M., Huber, S. C.(1990a)Sucrose metabolism in ripening muskmelon fruit as affected by leaf area. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 115, 798-802
118. Hubbard, N. L., Pharr, D. M., Huber, S. C.(1991)Sucrose phosphate synthase and other sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits of various species. Physiol. Plant. 82, 191-196
119. Hubbard, N. L., Pharr, D. M., Huber, S. C.(1990b)Role of sucrose phosphate synthase in sucrose biosynthesis in ripening bananas and its relationship to the respiratory climacteric.Plant Physiol. 94, 201-208
120. Huber, S. C.(1986)Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate as a regulatory metabolite in plants. Annu.Rev. Plant Physiol. 37, 233-246
121. Huber, S. C.(1989)Biochemical mechanism for regulation of sucrose accumulation in leaves during photosynthesis.Plant Physiol. 91, 656-662
122. Huber, S. C., Akazawa, T.(1986)A novel sucrose synthase pathway for sucrose degradation in cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol. 81, 1008-1013
123. Huber, S. C., Huber, J. L.(1990)In vitro phosphorylation and inactivation of spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase by an endogenous protein kinase. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1092, 393-400
124. Huber, S. C., Huber, J. L.(1992)Role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in sucrose metabolism in leaves. Plant Physiol. 99, 1275-1278
125. Huber, S. C., Kerr, P. S., Kalt-Torres, W.(1986)Biochemical control of the allocation of carbon for export and storage in source leaves. In: Phloem transport, pp. 355-367, Cronshaw, J., Lucas, W. J., Giaquinta, R. G., eds. Alan R. Liss, New York
126. Huber, S. C., Nielsen, T. H., Huber, J. L. A., Pharr, D. M.(1989)Variation among species in light activation of sucrose-phosphate synthase.Plant Cell Physiol. 30, 277-285
127. Huber, S. C., Huber, J. L. A., McMichael, R. W. Jr. (1992)The regulation of sucrose synthesis. In: Carbon partitioning within and between organisms, pp. 1-26, Pollock, C. J., Farrar, J. F., Gordon, A. J., eds. Bios Scientific, Oxford
128. Huber, S. C., Huber, J. L., McMichael, R. W., Jr. (1994)Control of plant enzyme activity by reversible protein phosphorylation. Int. Rev. Cytol. 149, 47-99
129. Iki, K., Nakagawa, H., Ogura, N., Takehana, H.(1977)Intracellular localization of p-fructofuranosidase in tomato fruit tissue. Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 1311-1312
130. Isla, M. I., Salerno, G., Pontis, H., Vattuone, M. A., Sampietro, A. R.(1995)Purification and properties of the soluble acid invertase from Oryza sativaPhytochem.38, 321-325
131. Iwatsubo, I., Nakagawa, H., Ogura, N., Hirabayashi, T., Sato, T.(1992)Acid invertase of melon fruits: immunochemical detection of acid invertases.Plant Cell Physiol. 33, 1127-1133
132. Iwatsubo, T, Takahashi, T., Nakagawa, H., Ogura, N., Sato, T.(1992)Purification and some properties of acid invertase of persimmon fruits.Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.56, 1959-1962
133. Jang, J.-C., Sheen, J.(1994)Sugar sensing in higher plants.Plant Cell6, 1665-1679
134. Jaynes, T. A., Nelson, O. E.(1971)Aninvertaseinactivator in maize endosperm and factors affecting inactivation. Plant Physiol. 47, 629-634
135. Jelitto, T., Sonnewald, U., Willmitzer, L., Hajirezeai, M., Stitt, M.(1992)Inorganic pyrophosphate content and metabolites in potato and tobacco plants expressingE. coli pyrophosphatase in their cytosol. Planta188, 238-244
136. Karrer, E. E., Rodriguez, R. L.(1992)Metabolic regulation of rice a-amylase and sucrose synthase genes in planta. Plant J. 2, 517-523
137. Karuppiah, N., Vadlamudi, B., Kaufman, P. B.(1989)Purification and characterization of soluble (cytosolic) and bound (cell-wall) isoforms of invertases in barley (Hordeum vulgare) elongating stem tissue.Plant Physiol. 91, 993-998
138. Kato, T., Kubota, S.(1978)Properties of invertases in sugar storage tissues of citrus fruit and changes in their activities during maturation. Physiol. Plant42, 67-72
139. Keller, F., Pharr, D. M.(1996)Metabolism of carbohydrates in sinks and sources: galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides.In this volume pp. 157-183
140. Kirkland, R. J. A., Turner, J. F.(1959)Nucleoside diphosphokinase of pea seeds. J. Biochem. 72, 716-720
141. Klann, E., Yelle, S., Bennett, A. B.(1992)Tomato fruit acid invertase complementary DNA.Plant Physiol. 99, 351-353
142. Klann, E., Bennett, A. B. (1995) Acidinvertase controls soluble sugar composition and fruit size in transgenic tomato, (inpress)
143. Klann, E., Chetelat, R. T., Bennett, A. B.(1993)Expression of acid invertase gene controls sugar composition in tomato (Lycopersicon) fruit. Plant Physiol. 101, 863-870
144. Kleczkowski, L. A.(1994)Glucose activation and metabolism through UDPglucosepyrophosphorylase in plants.Phytochem.37, 1507-1515
145. Klein, R. R., Crafts-Brander, S. J., Salvucci, M. E.(1993). Cloning and developmental expression of sucrose-phosphate-Synthase gene from spinach.Planta190, 498-510
146. Kobayashi, M., Funane, K., Ohya, S., Torikoshi, H., Kurogi, M., Ishiuchi, D.(1992)Pyrophosphate-dependent phospho-fructokinase: its oligomeric forms in mature green tomato fruit.Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.56, 54-57
147. Koch, K. E., Nolte, K. D.(1995)Sugar-modulated expression of genes for sucrose metabolism and their relationship to transport pathways. In: Carbon partitioning and source sink interactions in plants, pp. 141-155, Madore, M. M., Lucas, W. L., Eds. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Rockville, Md.
148. Koch, K. E., Nolte, K. D., Duke, E. R., McCarty, D. R., Avigne, W. T.(1992)Sugar levels modulate differential expression of maize sucrose synthase genes. Plant Cell4, 59-69
149. Konno, Y., Vedvick, T., Fitzmaurice, L., Mirkov, T. E.(1993)Purification, characterization, and subcellular localization of soluble invertase from tomato fruit.J. Plant Physiol. 141, 385-392
150. Kosmann, J., Muller-Rober, B., Dyer, T. A., Raines, C. A., Sonnewald, U., Willmitzer, L.(1992)Cloning and expression analysis of the plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase coding sequence form potato: circumstantial evidence for the import of hexoses into chloroplasts. Planta188, 7-12
151. Kosmann, J., Visser, R. G. F., Muller-Rober, B., Willmitzer, L., Sonnewald, U.(1991)Cloning and expression analysis of a potato cDNA that encodes branching enzyme: evidence for co-expression of starch biosynthetic genes. Mol. Gen. Genet. 230, 39-44
152. Krapp, A., Hofman, B., Schafer, C., Stitt, M.(1993)Regulation of the expression of rbcS and other photosynthetic genes by carbohydrates.Plant J. 3, 817-828
153. Krapp, A., Quick, W. P., Stitt, M.(1991) Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, other Calvin-cycle enzymes, and chlorophyll decrease when glucose is supplied to mature spinach leaves via the transpiration stream. Planta186,58-69
154. Krause, K., Stitt, M.(1992)Sucrose-6-phosphate levels in spinach leaves and their effects on sucrose-phosphate synthase. Phytochem.31, 1143-1146
155. Krishnan, H. B., Pueppke, S. G.(1990)Cherry fruit invertase: partial purification, characterization, and activity during fruit development. J. Plant Physiol. 135, 662-666
156. Kruger, N. J.(1990)Carbohydrate synthesis and degradation. In: Plant physiology, biochemistry and physiology, pp.59-76, Dennis, D. T., Turpin, D. H., eds., Longman Scientific, Essex, England
157. Kruger, N. J., Dennis, D. T.(1987)Molecular properties of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from potato tuber. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.256, 273-279
158. Kuo, T. M., Doehlert, D. C., Crawford, C. G.(1990)Sugar metabolism in germinating soybean seeds: evidence for the sorbitol pathway in soybean axes. Plant Physiol. 93, 1514-1520
159. Kursanov, A. L., Prasolova, M. F., Pavlinova, O. A.(1990)Enzymatic sucrose conversion routes in sugar beet root in relation to its sink function. Soviet Plant Physiol. 37, 507-515
160. Lauriere, C., Lauriere, M., Sturm, A., Faye, L., Chrispeels, M.(1988)Characterization of P-fructosidase, an extracellular glycoprotein of carrot cells.Biochimie70, 1483-1491
161. Lecari, B.(1982)Changes in invertase activity during the photoperiodically induced bulb formation of onion (Allium cepaL.). Physiol. Plant. 54, 480-484
162. Leigh, R. A., ap Rees, T., Fuller, W. A., Banfield, J.(1979)The localization of acid invertase activity and sucrose in the vacuoles of storage roots of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)Biochem. J. 178, 539-547
163. Leigh, R. A., Walker, R. R.(1980)ATPase and acid phosphatase activities associated with vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Planta150, 222-229
164. Leloir, L. F. Cardini, C. (1955)The biosynthesis of sucrose phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 214, 157-165
165. Lingle, S. E., Dunlap, J. R.(1997)Sucrose metabolism in netted muskmelon fruit during development. Plant Physiol. 84, 386-389
166. Loescher, W. H., Everard, J. D.(1996)Metabolism of carbohydrate in sinks and sources; sugar alcohols.In this volume, pp. 185-207
167. Lowell, C. A., Tomlinson, P. T., Koch, K. E.(1989)Sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in transport tissues and adjacent sink structures in developing citrus fruit. Plant Physiol. 90, 1394-1402
168. Lucas, W. J., Madore, M. A.(1988)Recent advances in sugar transport. In: The biochemistry of plants. Vol. 14, pp. 35-84, Preiss, J., Ed. Academic Press, San Diego
169. Lunn, J. E., ap Rees, T.(1990a)Apparent equilibrium constant and mass-action ratio for sucrose-phosphate synthase in seeds of PisurnsativumBiochem. J. 267, 739-743
170. Lunn, J. E., ap Rees, T.(1990b)Purification and properties of sucrose-phosphate synthase from seeds of Pisumsativum. Phytochem.29, 1057-1063
171. Lyne, R. L., ap Rees, T.(1971)Invertase and sugar content during differentiation of roots of PisumsativumPhytochem.10, 2593-2599
172. Maas, C., Schaal, S., Werr, W.(1990)A feedback control element near the transcription start site of the maize shrunken gene determines promoter activity. EMBO J. 9, 3447-3452
173. MacRae, E., Quick, W. P., Benker, C., Stitt, M.(1992)Carbohydrate metabolism during postharvest ripening in kiwifruit.Plant188, 314-323
174. Manning, K., Maw, G. W.(1975)Distribution of acid invertase in the tomato plant. Phytochem.14, 1965-1969
175. Martin, T., Frommer, W. B., Salanoubat, M., Willmitzer, L.(1993)Expression of an Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene indicates a role in metabolization of sucrose both during phlem loading and in sink organs. Plant J. 4, 367-377
176. Masuda, H., Takahashi, T., Sugawara, S.(1987)The occurrence and properties of alkaline invertase in mature roots of sugar beets. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51, 2309-2314
177. Masuda, H., Takahashi, T., Sugawara, S.(1988)Acid and alkaline invertases in suspension cultures of sugar beet cells. Plant Physiol. 86, 312-317
178. Matsushita, K., Uritani, I.(1967)Isolation and characterization of acid invertase inhibitor from sweet potato.J. Biochem. 79,633-639
179. McCollum, T. G., Huber, D. J., Cantliffe, D. J.(1988)Soluble sugar accumulation and activity of related enzymes during muskmelon fruit development. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 113, 399-403
180. McMichael, R. W. Jr., Klein, R. R., Salvucci, M. E., Huber, S. C.(1993)Identification of the major regulatory phosphorylation site in sucrose-phosphate synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.307, 248-252
181. Merlo, L., Geigenberger, P., Hajirezaei, M., Stitt, M.(1993)Changes of carbohydrates, metabolites and enzyme activities in potato tubers during development, and within a single tuber along a stolon-apex gradient. J. Plant Physiol. 142, 392-402
182. Meyer, R., Machray, G. C., Hedley, P. E., Davies, H. V., Waugh, R.(1994)Promoter deletion analysis of potato invertase gene expression. J. Exp. Bot. 45, abstract P2.4(suppl.)
183. Michaud, D., Seye, A., Driouich, A., Yelle, S., Faye, L.(1993)Purification and partial characterization of an acid P-fructosidase from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit.Planta191, 308-315
184. Miernyk, J. A.(1990)Glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and anaerobic respiration. In: Plant physiology, biochemistry and physiology, pp. 77-100, Dennis, D. T., Turpin, D. H., eds., Longman Scientific, Essex, England
185. Milling, R. J., Leigh, R. A., Hall, J. L.(1993)Synthesis of a vacuolar acid invertase in washed discs of storage root tissue of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). J. Exp. Bot. 44, 1687-1694
186. Miron, D., Schaffer, A. A.(1991)Sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and invertase activities in developing fruit of Lycopersiconesculentum Mill, and the sucrose accumulating LycopersiconhirsutumHumb. andBonpl. Plant Physiol. 95, 623-627
187. Moore, P. H., Maretzki, A. (1996)Sugarcane. In this volume, pp. 643-669
188. Morell, M., Copeland, L.(1984)Enzymes of sucrose breakdown in soybean nodules: alkaline invertase.Plant Physiol. 74, 1030-1034
189. Morell, M., Copeland, L.(1985)Sucrose synthase of soybean nodules.Plant Physiol. 78, 140-154
190. Morell, S., ap Rees, T.(1986)Sugar metabolism in developing tubers of Solanum tuberosumPhytochem.25,1579-1585
191. Moriguchi, T., Sanada, T., Yamaki, S.(1991)Properties of acid invertase purified from peach fruits.Phytochem.30, 95-97
192. Moriguchi, T., Abe, K., Sanada, T., Yamaki, S.(1992)Levels and role of sucrose synthase, sucrose-phosphate synthase, and acid invertase in sucrose accumulation in fruit of asian pear. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 117, 274-278
193. Moriguchi, T., Sanada, T., Yamaki, S.(1990)Seasonal fluctuations of some enzymes relating to sucrose and sorbitol metabolism in peach fruit.J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 115, 278-281
194. Morris, D. A., Arthur, E. D.(1984a)An association between acid invertase activity and cell growth during leaf expansion in Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Exp. Bot. 35, 1369-1379
195. Morris, D. A., Arthur, E. D.(1984b)Invertase and auxin-induced elongation in internodal segments of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phytochem.23, 2163-2167
196. Muller-Rober, B. T., Kosmann, J., Hannah, L. C., Willmitzer, L., Sonnewald, U.(1990)One of two different ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes from potato responds strongly to elevated levels of sucrose. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224,136-146
197. Muller-Rober, B., Sonnewald, U., Willmitzer, L.(1994)A truncated version of an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase promoter from potato specifies guard cell-selective expression in transgenic plants. Plant Cell6, 601-612
198. Nakamura, K., Ohto, M., Yoshida, N., Nakamura, K.(1991)Sucrose-induced accumulation of P-amylase occurs concomitant with the accumulation of starch and sporamin in leaf-petiole cuttings of sweet potato. Plant Physiol. 96, 902-909
199. Nakamura, N., Shimizu, M., Suzuki, H.(1991)Characterization of hexose kinases from camellia and lily pollen grains. Physiol. Plant. 81, 215-220
200. Nakata, P. A., Okita, T. W.(1995)Differential regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the sink and source tissues of potato.Plant Physiol. 108, 361-368
201. Neales, T. F., Incoll, L. D.(1968)The control of leaf photosynthesis by the level of assimilate in the leaf. Bot. Rev. 34, 431-454
202. Neuhaus, H. E., Stitt, N. M.(1989)Control analysis of photosynthate partitioning: impact of reduced activity of ADPG PPase and PGM. Planta182, 445-454
203. Neuhaus, H. E., Kruckeberg, A. L., Feil, R., Gotleib, L., Stitt, M. N.(1989)Dosage mutants of PGI in the cytosol and chloroplasts of Clarkia xantianaPlanta178, 110-122
204. Neuhaus, H. E., Quick, W. P., Siegl, G. Stitt, M. N. (1990)Control of photosynthate partitioning in spinach leaves. Planta181, 583-592
205. Nguyen-Quoc, B., Krivitzky, M., Huber, S. C., Lecharney, A.(1990)Sucrose synthase in developing maize leaves. Plant Physiol. 94, 516-523
206. Nolte, K. D., Koch, K. E.(1993)Companion-cell specific localization of sucrose synthase in zones of phloem loading and unloading. Plant Physiol. 101, 899-905
207. Nordlie, R. C.(1985)Fine tuning of blood glucose concentrations. Trends Bioch.Sci. 10, 70-75
208. Obenland, D. M., Simmen, U., Boiler, T., Wiemkin, A.(1993)Purification and characterization of three soluble invertases from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. Plant Physiol. 101, 1331-1339
209. Ohyama, A., Ito, H., Sato, T., Nishimura, S., Imai, T., Masashi, H.(1995)Suppression of acid invertase activity by antisense RNA modifies the sugar composition of tomato fruit. Plant Cell Physiol. 36, 369-376
210. Oparka, K. J.(1990)What is phloem unloading? Plant Physiol. 94, 393-396
211. Pak, C., van der Plas, L. H. W., Douwe de Boer, A.(1995)Importance of dormancy and sink strength in sprouting of onions (Allium cepa) during storage. Physiol. Plant. 94, 277-283
212. Park, H.-S.C., van Etten, R. L.(1986)Purification and characterization of homogeneous sunflower seed acid phosphatase. Phytochem.25, 351-357
213. Patrick, J. W.(1990)Sieve element unloading: cellular pathway, mechanism and control. Physiol. Plant. 78, 298-308
214. Paul, M., Sonnewald, U., Hajirezaei, M., Dennis, D., Stitt, M.(1995)Transgenic tobacco plants with decreased expression of pryophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase activity.Planta196, 277-283
215. Pollock, C. J., Cairns, A. J., Sims, I. M., Housley, T. L.(1996)Fructans as reserve carbohydrates in crop plants.In this volume, pp. 97-113
216. Pollock, C. J., Housley, T. L.(1985)Light induced increase in sucrose phosphate synthase activity in leaves of LoliumtemulentumAnn. Bot. 55, 593-596
217. Pollock, C. J., Lloyd, E. J.(1977)The distribution of acid invertase in developing leaves of Loliumtemulentum L. Planta137,197-200
218. Pontis, H. G., Salerno, G. L.(1980)Regulation of sucrose levels in plant cells. In: Mechanisms of saccharide polymerization and depolymerization, pp. 31-42. Marshall, J. J., ed. AcademicPress, New York
219. Pontis, H. G., Salerno, G. L.(1982)Inhibition of sucrose synthase cleavage activity by protein factors. FEBS Lett. 141, 120-123
220. Prado, F. E., Vattuone, M. A., Fleischmacher, O. L., Sampietro, A. R.(1985)Purification and characterization of Ricinuscommunisinvertase. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4952-4957
221. Preiss, J., Sivak, M.(1996)Starch synthesis in sinks and sources.In this volume, pp. 63-95
222. Pressey, R.(1967)Invertase inhibitors from potatoes: purification, characterization and reactivity with invertases. Plant Physiol. 42, 1780-1786
223. Pressey, R.(1968)Invertase inhibitors from red beet, sugar beet and sweet potato roots.Plant Physiol. 43, 1430-1434
224. Pressey, R.(1994)Invertase inhibitor in tomato fruit.Phytochem.36, 543-546
225. Pressey, R., Avants, J. K.(1980)Invertases in oat seedlings. Plant Physiol. 65, 136-140
226. Prioul, J. L. (1996) Corn. In this volume, pp. 549-594
227. Prioul, J. L., Reyss, A.(1987)Acclimation of Rubisco and mRNAs to changing irradiance in adult tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol. 84, 1238-1243
228. Ramloch-Lorenz, K., Knudson, S., Sturm, A.(1993)Molecular characterization of the gene for carrot cell-wall β-fructos-idase.Plant J. 4, 545-554
229. Ranwala, A. P., Iwanami, S.-S., Masuda, H.(1991)Acid and neutral invertases in the mesocarp of developing muskmelon (Cucumismelo L. cv Prince) fruit. Plant Physiol. 96, 881-886
230. Ranwala, A. P., Suematsu, C., Masuda, H.(1992)Soluble and wall-bound invertases in strawberry fruit. Plant Sci. 84, 59-64
231. Rea, P. A., Yongcheol, K., Poole, R. J., Davies, J. M., Sanders, D.(1992)Vacuolar H +-translocating pyrophosphatases: a new category of ion translocase. TIBS17, 348-353
232. Reimholz, R., Geigenberger, P., Stitt, M.(1994)Sucrose-phosphate synthase is regulated via metabolites and protein phosphorylation in potato tubers, in a manner analogous to the enzyme in leaves. Planta192, 480-488
233. Renz, A., Merlo, L., Stitt, M(1993)Partial purification from potato tubers of three fructokinases and three hexokinases which show differing organ and developmental specificity. Planta190, 156-165
234. Renz, A., Stitt, M.(1993)Substrate specificity and product inhibition of different forms of fructokinases and hexokinases in developing potato tubers.Planta190, 166-175
235. Ricardo, C. P. P.(1974)Alkaline P-fructofuranosidases of tuberous roots: possible physiological function. Planta118, 333-343
236. Ricardo, C. P. P., ap Rees, T.(1970)Invertase activity during the development of carrot roots. Phytochem.9, 239-247
237. Riesmeier, J. W., Frommer, W. B., Willmitzer, L.(1994)Evidence for an essential role of the sucrose transporters in phloem loading and assimilate partitioning. EMBO J. 13, 1-7
238. Robertson, D., Beech, I., Bolwell, G. B.(1995)Regulation of the enzymes of UDP sugar metabolism during differentiation of sugar bean. Phytochem.39, 21-28
239. Roitsch, T., Bittner, M., Godt, D. E.(1995)Induction of apoplasticinvertase of Chenopodium rubrum by D-glucose and a glucose analogue and tissue specific expression suggest a role in sink source regulation. Plant Physiol. 108, 285-294
240. Ross, H. A., Davies, H. V.(1992b)Purification and characterization of sucrose synthase from the cotyledons of Viciafaba L. Plant Physiol. 100, 1008-1013
241. Ross, H. A., Davies, H. V.(1992a)Sucrose metabolism in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Effects of sink removal and sucrose flux on sucrose degrading enzymes. Plant Physiol. 98, 287-293
242. Ross, H. A., Davies, H. V., Burch, L. R., Viola, R., MaCrae, D.(1994)Developmental changes in carbohydrate content and sucrose degrading enzymes in tuberizingstolons of potato. Physiol. Plant. 90, 748-756
243. Ruffner, H. P., Adler, S., Rast, D. M.(1990)Soluble and wall associated forms of invertase in VitisviniferaPhytochem.29, 2083-2086
244. Ruffner, H. P., Hurlimann, M., Skrivan, R.(1995)Soluble invertase from grape berries: purification, deglycosylation and antibody specificity. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 33, 25-31
245. Sacher, J. A., Hatch, M. D., Glasziou, A. T.(1963)Sugar accumulation cycle in sugar cane. III. Physical and metabolic aspects of cycle in immature storage tissues. Plant Physiol. 38, 348-354
246. Saftner, R. A., Daie, J., Wyse, R. E.(1983)Sucrose uptake and compartmentation in sugar beet taproot tissue. Plant Physiol. 72, 1-6
247. Salanoubat, M., Belliard, G.(1989)The steady-state level of potato sucrose synthase mRNA is dependent on wounding, anaerobiosis, and sucrose concentration. Gene 84, 181-185
248. Salerno, G. L., Pontis, H. G. (1978) Studies on sucrose phosphate synthase: the inhibitory action of sucrose. FEBS Lett.86, 263-267
249. Sampietro, A. R., Vattuone, M. A., Prado, F. E.(1980)A regulatory invertase from sugar-cane leaf sheaths. Phytochem.19,1637-1642
250. Sato, T., Iwatsubo, T., Takahashi, M., Nakagawa, H., Ogura, N., Mori, H.(1993)Intercellular localization of acid invertase in tomato fruit and molecular cloning of a cDNA for the enzyme.Plant Cell Physiol. 34, 263-269
251. Schaffer, A. A.(1986)Invertase in young and mature leaves of Citrus sinensisPhytochem. 25, 2275-2277
252. Schaffer, A. A., Petreikov, M.(1993)Biochemistry of transient starch accumulation in young tomato fruit (abstract).Plant Physiol. 102, 28
253. Schaffer, A. A., Pharr, D. M., Madore, M.(1996)Cucurbits. In this volume, pp. 729-757
254. Schaffer, A. A., Sagee, O., Goldschmidt, E. E., Goren, R.(1987a)Invertase and sucrose synthase activity, carbohydrate status and endogenous IAA levels during Citrus leaf development. Physiol. Plant. 69, 151-155
255. Schaffer, A. A., Aloni, B., Fogelman, E.(1987b)Sucrose metabolism and accumulation in developing fruit of Cucumis. Phytochem.26, 1883-1887
256. Schaffer, A. A., Rylski, I., Fogelman, M.(1989)Carbohydrate content and sucrose metabolism in developing Solanum muricatum fruits.Phytochem.28, 737-739
257. Schmalstig, J. G., Hitz, W. G.(1987)Contributions of sucrose synthase and invertase to the metabolism of sucrose in developing leaves: estimation by alternate substrate utilization. Plant Physiol. 85, 407-412
258. Schwebel-Dugue, N., Mtili, N. E., Krivitzky, M., Jean-Jacques, I., Williams, J. H. H., Thomas, M., Kreis, M., Lecharny, A.(1994) Arabidopsis genes and cDNA encoding cell-wall invertase.Plant Physiol. 69, 151-155
259. Sebkova, V., Unger, C., Hardegger, M., Sturm, A.(1995)Biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of sucrose synthase from DaucuscarotaPlant Physiol. 108, 75-83
260. Sheen, J.(1990)Metabolic repression of transcription in higher plants. Plant Cell2, 1027-1038
261. Sheen, J.(1994)Feedback control of gene expression.Photosynthesis Res. 39, 427-438
262. Shi, Y., Wang, M. B., Powell, K. S., Van Damme, E., Hilder, V. A., Gatehouse, A. M. R., Boulter, D., Gatehouse, J. A.(1994)Use of the rice synthase-1 promoter to direct phloem-specific expression of p-glucuronidase and snowdrop lectin genes in transgenic tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot. 45, 623-631
263. Sicher, R. C., Kremer, D. F.(1984)Changes in sucrose phosphate synthase activity in barley primary leaves during light dark transitions. Plant Physiol. 79, 910-912
264. Sicher, S. C., Kremer, D. F.(1985)Possible control of maize leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase activity by light modulation. Plant Physiol. 79, 695-698
265. Siegl, G., Stitt, M.(1990)Partial purification of two forms of spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase which differ in their kinetic properties. Plant Sci. 66, 205-210
266. Siegl, G., MacKintosh, C., Stitt, M.(1990)Sucrose-phosphate synthase is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A in spinach leaves. FEBS Lett.270, 198-202
267. Silvius, J. E., Snyder, F. W.(1979)Comparative enzyme studies of sucrose metabolism in the taproots and fibrous roots of Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiol. 64, 1070-1073
268. Singh, M. B., Knox, R. B.(1984)Invertases of Lilium pollen: Characterization and activity during in vivo germination. Plant Physiol. 74, 510-515
269. Smith, S. B., Taylor, M. A., Burch, L. R., Davies, H. V.(1993)Primary structure and characterization of a cDNA clone of fructokinase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Record). Plant Physiol. 102, 1043
270. Smyth, D. A., Prescott, H. E.(1989)Sugar content and activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes in milled rice grain.Plant Physiol. 89, 893-896
271. Sonnewald, U., Quick, W. P., MacRae, E., Krause, K-P., Stitt, M.(1993)Purification, cloning and expression of spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase in Escherichia coliPlanta189, 174-181
272. Spychalla, J. P., Scheffler, B. E., Sowokinos, J. R., Bevan, M. W.(1994)Cloning, antisense RNA inhibition, and the coordinated expression of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase with starch biosynthetic genes in potato tubers. J. Plant Physiol. 144, 444-453
273. St-Pierre, B., Brisson, N.(1995)Induction of the plastidic starch-phosphorylase gene in potato storage sink tissue.Planta195, 339-344
274. Stitt, M.(1990a)The flux of carbon between the chloroplast and the cytoplasm. In: Plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, pp. 319-340. Dennis, D. T., Turpin, D. H., eds. Singapore, London
275. Stitt, M.(1990b)Fructose-2-6-bisphosphate as a regulatory molecule in plants.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 41, 153-181
276. Stitt, M.(1993)Control of photosynthetic carbon fixation and partitioning: how can use of genetically manipulated plants improve the nature and quality of information about regulation?Phil. Trans R. Soc. Lond. B342, 225-233
277. Stitt, M., Heldt, H. W.(1985)Control of photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by Fru2,6BP. Planta164, 179-188
278. Stitt, M., Quick, W. P.(1989)Photosynthetic carbon partitioning: its regulation and possibilities for manipulation. Physiol. Plant. 77, 633-641
279. Stitt, M., Steup, M.(1985)Starch and sucrose degradation. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, Vol. 18, pp. 347-390, Douce, R., Day, D. A., eds. Springer Verlag, Berlin
280. Stitt, M., Huber, S. C., Kerr, P.(1987)Control of photosynthetic sucrose synthesis. In: Biochemistry of plants, Vol. 10, pp. 327-407, Hatch, M. D., Boardman N. K., eds. Academic Press, New York
281. Stitt, M., Wilke, I., Feii, R., Heldt, H. W.(1988)Coarse control of sucrose-phosphate synthase in leaves: alterations of the kinetic properties in response to the rate of photosynthesis and the accumulation of sucrose.Planta174, 217-230
282. Stommel, J. R.(1992)Enzymic components of sucrose accumulation in the wild tomato species LycopersiconperuvianumPlant Physiol. 99, 324-328
283. Stommel, J. R., Simon, P. W.(1990)Multiple forms of invertase from Daucuscarota cell cultures. Phytochem.29, 2087-2089
284. Stoop, J. M. H., Pharr, D. M.(1994)Growth substrate and nutrient salt environment alter mannitol-to-hexose partitioning in celery petioles. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119, 237-242
285. Sturm, A.(1991) Heterogeneity of the complex N-linked oligosaccharides at specific glycosylation sites of two secreted carrot glycoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 199, 169-179
286. Sturm, A., Chrispeels, M. (1990) cDNA cloning of carrot extracellular P-fructosidase and its expression in response to wounding and bacterial infection. Plant Cell2, 1107-1119
287. Sturm, A., Sebkova, V., Lorenz, K., Hardegger, M., Lienhard, S., Unger, C.(1995)Development-and organ-specific expression of the genes for sucrose synthase and three isoenzymes of acid P-fructofuranosidase in carrot.Planta195, 601-610
288. Su, J. C., Preiss, J.(1978)Purification and properties of sucrose synthase from maize kernels. Plant Physiol. 61, 389-393
289. Sun, J., Loboda, T., Sung, S.-J. S., Black, C. C. (1992)Sucrose synthase in wild tomato, Lycopersiconchmielewskii, and tomato fruit sink strength. Plant Physiol. 98, 1163-1169
290. Sung, S.-J. S., Xu, D.-P., Galloway, C. M., Black, C. C.(1988)A reassessment of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in higher plants. Physiol. Plant. 72, 650-654
291. Thomas, B. R., Rodriguez, R. L.(1994)Metabolite signals regulate gene expression and source/sink relations in cereal seedlings. Plant Physiol. 106, 1235-1239
292. Thorne, J. H., Giaquinta, R. T.(1984)Pathways and mechanisms associated with carbohydrate translocation in plants. In: Storage carbohydrates in vascular plants, pp. 75-96, Lewis, D. H., ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
293. Tobias, R. B., Boyer, C. D., Shannon, J. C.(1992a)Enzymes catalyzing the reversible conversion of fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. Plant Physiol. 99, 140-145
294. Tobias, R. B., Boyer, C. D., Shannon, J. C.(1992b)Alterations in carbohydrate intermediates in the endosperm of starch deficient maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Plant Physiol. 99, 146-152
295. Turgeon, R.(1989)The sink-source transition in leaves. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. 40, 119-138
296. Turner, J. F., Copeland, L.(1981)Hexokinase II of pea seeds. Plant Physiol. 68, 1123-1127
297. Turner, J. F., Harrison, D. D., Copeland, L.(1977)Fructokinase (fraction IV) of pea seeds.Plant Physiol. 60, 666-669
298. Turner, J. F., Turner, D. H.(1980)The regulation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In: The biochemistry of plants, Vol. 2, pp. 279-316, Davies, D. D., ed. Academic Press, New York
299. Tyson, R. H., ap Rees, T.(1988)Starch synthesis by isolated amyloplasts from wheat endosperm. Planta175, 33-38
300. Unger, C., Hardegger, M., Lienhard, S., Sturm, A. (1994) cDNA cloning of carrot (Daucuscarota) soluble acid p-fructofuranosidases and comparison with the cell-wall isoenzyme.Plant Physiol. 104, 1351-1357
301. Unger, C., Hofsteenge, J., Sturm, A.(1992)Purification and characterization of a soluble p-fructofuranosidase from DaucuscarotaEur. J. Biochem. 204, 915-921
302. Uritani, I., Asahi, T.(1980)Respiration and related metabolic activity in wounded and infected tissue. In: The biochemistry of plant, Vol. 2, pp. 463-487, Davies, D. D., ed. Academic Press, New York
303. Van den Ende, W., Van Laere, A.(1995)Purification and properties of a neutral invertase from the roots of Cichoriumintybus. Physiol. Plant. 93, 241-248
304. vanSchaftingen, E., Lederer, B., Bartrons, R., Hers, H.-G.(1982)A kinetic study of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from potato tubers. Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 191-195
305. Vinci, J., Nolte, K. D., Koch, K. E., Hendrix, D. L., Radin, J. W.(1993)Sucrose synthase localization during seed and hair development: cotton ovules as a model system (abstract). Plant Physiol. 102, 43
306. Visser, R. G. F., Stolte, A., Jacobsen, E.(1991)Expression of a chimaeric granule-bound starch synthase-GUS gene in transgenic potato plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 17, 691-699
307. von Schaewen, A., Stitt, M., Schmidt, R., Sonnewald, U., Willmitzer, L.(1990)Expression of yeast derived invertase in the cell wall of Arabidopsis and tobacco leads to inhibition of sucrose export, accumulation of carbohydrates and strongly influences the growth and habitus of transgenic plants. EM BO J. 9, 3033-3044
308. Wafler, U., Meier, H.(1994)Enzyme activities in developing cotton fibers. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 32, 697-702
309. Walker, J. L., Huber, S. C.(1988)Purification and preliminary characterization of sucrose-phosphate synthase using monoclonal antibodies. Plant Physiol. 89, 518-524
310. Walker, R. P., Pollock, C. J.(1993)The purification and characterization of soluble acid invertase from coleoptiles of wheat (Triticumaestivum L. cv. Avalon). J. Exp. Bot. 44, 1029-1037
311. Walker, R. R., Hawker, J. S.(1984)Effect of pollination on carbohydrate metabolism in young fruits of Citrulluslanatusand Capsicum annuumPhytochem.15, 1881-1884
312. Wang, F., Sanz, A., Brenner, M. L., Smith, A. G.(1993a)Sucrose synthase, starch accumulation, and tomato fruit sink strength. Plant Physiol. 101, 321-327
313. Wang, F., Smith, A. G., Brenner, M. L.(1993b)Isolation and sequencing of tomato fruit sucrose synthase cDNA. Plant Physiol. 103, 1463
314. Wang, F., Smith, A. G., Brenner, M. L.(1994)Temporal and spatial expression pattern of sucrose synthase during tomato fruit development. Plant Physiol. 104, 535-540
315. Weil, M., Krausgrill, S., Schuster, A., Rausch, T.(1994)A 17-kDa Nicotianatabacum cell-wall peptide acts an in-vitro inhibitor of the cell-wall isoform of acid invertase. Planta193, 438-445
316. Weil, M., Rausch, T.(1994)Acid invertase in Nicotianatabacum crown-gall cells: molecular properties of the cell-wall isoform.Planta193, 430-437
317. Weiner, H., Stitt, M., Heldt, H. W.(1987)Subcellular compartmentation of pyrophosphate and alkaline pyrophosphatase in leaves.Biochim.Biophys.Acta893, 13-21
318. Weiner, H., McMichael, R. W. Jr., Huber, S. C.(1992)Identification of factors regulating the phosphorylation status of sucrose-phosphate synthase in vivo. Plant Physiol. 99, 1435-1442
319. Weiner, H., Weiner, H., Stitt, M.(1993)Sucrose-phosphate synthase phosphatase, a type 2A protein phosphatase, changes its sensitivity towards inhibition by inorganic phosphate in spinach leaves. FEBS Lett.333, 159-164
320. Wendler, R., Veith, R., Dancer, J., Stitt, M., Komor, E.(1990)Sucrose storage in cell suspension cultures of Saccharumsp. (sugarcane) is regulated by a cycle of synthesis and degradation. Planta183, 31-39
321. Whitaker, D. P.(1984)Purification and properties of sucrose-6-phosphatase from Pisumsativum shoots. Phytochem.23, 2429-2430
322. Worrell, A. C., Bruneau, J., Summerfelt, K., Boersig, M., Voelker, T. A.(1991)Expression of a maize sucrose phosphate synthase in tomato alters leaf carbohydrate partitioning. Plant Cell3, 1121-1130
323. Wu, L.-L., Song, I., Kim, D., Kaufman, P. B.(1993)Molecular basis of the increase in invertase activity elicited by gravistimulation of oat-shoot pulvini. J. Plant Physiol. 142, 179-183
324. WyseR. E.(1983)Allocation of carbon: perspectives on the central role of sucrose transport and metabolism. In: Current topics in plant biochemistry, Vol. 2, pp. 1-19. Randall, D. D., Blevins, D. G., Larson, R. L., Rapp, B. J., eds. University of Missouri, Columbia
325. Xu, D.-P., Sung, S.-J.S., Black, C. C.(1989a)Sucrose metabolism in lima bean seeds.Plant Physiol. 89, 1106-1117
326. Xu, D.-P., Sung, S.-J.S., Loboda, T., Kormanik, P. P., Black, C. C.(1989b)Characterization of sucrolysis via the uridine diphosphate and pyrophosphate-dependent sucrose synthase pathway.Plant Physiol. 90, 635-642
327. Xu, J., Pemberton, G. H., Almira, E. C., McCarty, D. R., Koch, K. E.(1995)The Ivr 1 gene for invertase in maize. Plant Physiol. 108, 1293-1294
328. Yang, N. S., Russell, D.(1990)Maize sucrose synthase-1 promoter directs phloem cell specific expression of GUS gene in transgenic tobacco plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87, 4144-4148
329. Yano, A., Shimazaki, T., Kato, A., Umeda, M., Uchimiya, H.(1993)Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence cDNA encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Mol. Biol. 23, 1087-1090
330. Yelle, S., Chetelat, R. T., Dorais, M., DeVerna, J. W., Bennett, A. B.(1991)Sink metabolism in tomato fruit. IV. Genetic and biochemical analysis of sucrose accumulation. Plant Physiol. 95, 1026-1035
331. Yelle, S., Hewitt, J. D., Robinson, N. L., Damon, S., Bennett, A. B.(1988)Sink metabolism in tomato fruit. III. Analysis of carbohydrate assimilation in a wild species. Plant Physiol. 87, 737-740
332. Zhou, D., MatooA., Li, N., Imaseki, H., Solomos, T.(1994)Complete nucleotide sequence of a potato tuber acid invertase cDNA. Plant Physiol. 106, 397-398
333. Zimmerman, G., Kelly, G. E., Latzko, E.(1978)Purification and properties of spinach leaf cytoplasmic fructose 1,6bisphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5952-5956
334. Zrenner, R., Salanoubat, M., Willmitzer, L., Sonnewald, U.(1995)Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant J. 7, 97-107
335. Zrenner, R., Willmitzer, L., Sonnewald, U.(1993)Analysis of the expression of potato uridinediphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase and its inhibition by antisense RNA. Planta190, 247-252