Framework for understanding cancer prevention

Schottenfeld and Fraumeni Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 1193-1204

  Thun, Michael J ^a   Wild, Christopher P ^b   Colditz, Graham ^c  

^a AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer prevention; Lung cancer; Research; Screening; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

EID: 85051013283     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0061     Document Type: Chapter

References (83)

1. Ali H, Guy RJ, Wand H, et al. 2013. Decline in in-patient treatments of genital warts among young Australians following the national HPV vaccination program. BMC Infect Dis, 13, 140 .PMCID: PMC3606327.
2. American Cancer Society. 2016. The American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines.html. Accessed on April 28, 2017.
3. Anderson BO, Ilbawi AM, and El Saghir NS. 2015. Breast cancer in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a shifting tide in global health. Breast J, 21(1), 111-118 .PMID: 25444441.
4. Arnold M, Sierra MS, Laversanne M, et al. 2016. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut, 66, 683-691 .PMID: 26818619.
5. Arrossi S, Thouyaret L, Laudi R, et al. 2015. Implementation of HPV-testing for cervical cancer screening in programmatic contexts: the Jujuy demonstration project in Argentina. Int J Cancer, 137(7), 1709-1718 .PMID: 25807897.
6. Australian Government Department of Health. 2016. National Tobacco Strategy. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/pub- lishing.nsf/Content/Tobacco-strategy. Accessed April 23, 2017.
7. Bailar JC, 3rd. 1979. The case for cancer prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst, 62(4), 727-731 .PMID: 285286.
8. Baldur-Felskov B, Dehlendorff C, Junge J, Munk C, and Kjaer SK. 2014. Incidence of cervical lesions in Danish women before and after implementation of a national HPV vaccination program. Cancer Causes Control, 25(7), 915-922 .PMID: 24797870.
9. Bosch FX, Robles C, Diaz M, et al. 2016. HPV-FASTER: broadening the scope for prevention of HPV-related cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 13(2), 119-132 .PMID: 26323382.
10. Bray FI, and Weiderpass E. 2010. Lung cancer mortality trends in 36 European countries: secular trends and birth cohort patterns by sex and region 1970-2007. Int J Cancer, 126(6), 1454-1466 .PMID: 19728330.
11. Brenner H, Stock C, and Hoffmeister M. 2014. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ, 348, g2467 .PMCID: PMC3980789.
12. Brotherton JM, Gertig DM, May C, Chappell G, and Saville M. 2016. HPV vaccine impact in Australian women: ready for an HPV-based screening program. Med J Aust, 204(5), 184-184e181 .PMID: 26985843.
13. Burns DM, Major JM, Shanks TG, Thun MJ, and Samet JM. 2001. Smoking lower yield cigarettes and disease risks. In: Shopland. D, Burns D, Benowitz N, and Amacher R (Eds.), Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Levels of Tar and Nicotine, Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13 (pp. 65-158).
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2012. Progress toward prevention and control of hepatitis C virus infection: Egypt, 2001-2012. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 61(29), 5 .PMID: 22832935.
15. CDC. 2014. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
16. CDC. 2016a. International Cancer Control, The Global Burden of Cancer. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/international/burden.htm.
17. CDC. 2016b. Smoking and Tobacco Use. Available from: www.cdc.gov/Tobacco/data_stati stics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_s moking.
18. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. 1997. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group. N Engl J Med, 336(26), 1855-1859 .PMID: 9197213.
19. Chen DS, Hsu NH, Sung JL, et al. 1987. A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen- carrier mothers. JAMA, 257(19), 2597-2603 .PMID: 3573257.
20. Cole BF, Logan RF, Halabi S, et al. 2009. Aspirin for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas: meta-analysis of the randomized trials. J Natl Cancer Inst, 101(4), 256-266 .PMID: 19211452.
21. Cook NR, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, et al. 2005. Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer: the Women's Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 294(1), 47-55 .PMID: 15998890.
22. Cook NR, Lee IM, Zhang SM, Moorthy MV, and Buring JE. 2013. Alternate-day, low-dose aspirin and cancer risk: long-term observational follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 159(2), 77-85 .PMCID: PMC3713531.
23. Davis FG, Peterson CE, Bandiera F, Carter-Pokras O, and Brownson RC. 2012. How do we more effectively move epidemiology into policy action? Ann Epidemiol, 22(6), 413-416 .PMID: 22625999.
24. Doll R, and Peto R. 1981. The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J Natl Cancer Inst, 66(6), 1191-1308 .PMID: 7017215.
25. Drolet M, Benard E, Boily MC, et al. 2015. Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis, 15(5), 565-580 .PMID: 25744474.
26. Emmons KM, and Colditz GA. 2017. Realizing the potential of cancer prevention - The role of implementation science. N Engl J Med, 376(10), 986-990 .PMID: 28273020.
27. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, et al. 2013. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed August 7, 2015.
28. Fineberg HV. 2013. The paradox of disease prevention: celebrated in principle, resisted in practice. JAMA, 310(1), 85-90 .PMID: 23821092.
29. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). 2016. Human Papilomavirus Vaccine Support, GAVI. Available from: www.gavi.org/support/nvs/human-papillomavirus.
30. Harvard. 1996. Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Causes of human cancer: ultraviolet light. Cancer Causes Control, 7 Suppl 1, S39-S40 .PMID: 8932933.
31. Heard I. 2011. Human papillomavirus, cancer and vaccination. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 6(4), 297-302 .PMID: 21519247.
32. Hiatt RA, and Rimer BK. 1999. A new strategy for cancer control research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8(11), 957-964 .PMID 10566549.
33. Holme O, Loberg M, Kalager M, et al. 2014. Effect of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 312(6), 606-615 .PMCID: PMC4495882.
34. Iannacone MR, Youlden DR, Baade PD, Aitken JF, and Green AC. 2015. Melanoma incidence trends and survival in adolescents and young adults in Queensland, Australia. Int J Cancer, 136(3), 603-609 .PMCID: PMC4277328.
35. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 2014. Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control (Handbook of Cancer Prevention Vol. 14). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
36. Joura E, Bautista O, and Luxembourg A. 2015. A 9-Valent HPV Vaccine in Women. N Engl J Med, 372(26), 2568-2569 .PMID: 26107058.
37. Kantelhardt EJ, Cubasch H, and Hanson C. 2015. Taking on breast cancer in East Africa: global challenges in breast cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 27(1), 108-114 .PMID: 25490377.
38. Kesic V, Poljak M, and Rogovskaya S. 2012. Cervical cancer burden and prevention activities in Europe. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 21(9), 1423-1433 .PMID: 22956728.
39. Kitchener HC, Denton K, Soldan K, and Crosbie EJ. 2013. Developing role of HPV in cervical cancer prevention. BMJ, 347, f4781 .PMID: 23926316.
40. Kreimer AR, Gonzalez P, Katki HA, et al. 2011. Efficacy of a bivalent HPV 16/18 vaccine against anal HPV 16/18 infection among young women: a nested analysis within the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial. Lancet Oncol, 12(9), 862-870 .PMCID: PMC3172992.
41. Langmuir AD. 1963. The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance. N Engl J Med, 268, 182-192 .PMID: 13928666.
42. Lauby-Secretan B, Loomis D, and Straif K. 2015. Breast-cancer screening: viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med, 373(15), 1479 .PMID: 26444742.
43. Lehtinen M. 2012. Cross-protection is crucial for prophylactic HPV vaccination. Lancet Infect Dis, 12(10), 742-743 .PMID: 22920952.
44. Levin B, and Prorok PC. 2006. Principles of screening. In: Schottenfeld D, and Fraumeni JF (Eds.), Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (3rd ed., pp. 1310-1317). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
45. Libby G, Brewster DH, McClements PL, et al. 2012. The impact of population-based faecal occult blood test screening on colorectal cancer mortality: a matched cohort study. Br J Cancer, 107(2), 255-259 .PMCID: PMC3394992.
46. Lucifora J, and Trepo C. 2015. Hepatitis: after HCV cure, HBV cure? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12(7), 376-378 .PMID: 26100368.
47. Marlow LA, Waller J, and Wardle J. 2010. Variation in blame attributions across different cancer types. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(7), 1799-1805 .PMCID: PMC2901591.
48. McKeown RE, Weed DL, Kahn JP, and Stoto MA. 2003. American College of Epidemiology Ethics Guidelines: foundations and dissemination. Sci Eng Ethics, 9(2), 207-214 .PMID: 12774653.
49. Meester RG, Doubeni CA, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, et al. 2015. Colorectal cancer deaths attributable to nonuse of screening in the United States. Ann Epidemiol, 25(3), 208-213e201 .PMID: 25721748.
50. Moodie R, Stuckler D, Monteiro C, et al. 2013. Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of Tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries. Lancet, 381(9867), 670-679 .PMID: 23410611.
51. Moolgavkar SH, Holford TR, Levy DT, et al. 2012. Impact of reduced Tobacco smoking on lung cancer mortality in the United States during 1975-2000. J Natl Cancer Inst, 104(7), 541-548 .PMCID: PMC3317881.
52. Ng M, Freeman MK, Fleming TD, et al. 2014. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. JAMA, 311(2), 183-192 .PMID: 24399557.
53. Olsen CM, Williams PF, and Whiteman DC. 2014. Turning the tide? Changes in treatment rates for keratinocyte cancers in Australia 2000 through 2011. J Am Acad Dermatol, 71(1), 21-26e21 .PMID: 24685358.
54. Parkin DM. 2008. The role of cancer registries in cancer control. Int J Clin Oncol, 13(2), 102-111 .PMID: 18463952.
55. Peto R, Lopez AD, Pan H, Boreham J, and Thun M. 2017. Mortality from smoking in developed countries, 1950-2020. Available from: https:// www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/…/mortality-from-smoking. Accessed April 24, 2017.
56. Prineas RJ, Goodman K, Soskolne CL, et al. 1998. Findings from the American College of Epidemiology's Survey on Ethics Guidelines. The American College of Epidemiology Ethics and Standards of Practice Committee. Ann Epidemiol, 8(8), 482-489 .PMID: 9802592.
57. Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, et al. 2007. The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med, 356(16), 1670-1674. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr070105
58. Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin CE, et al. 2010. Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet, 376(9754), 1741-1750 .PMID: 20970847.
59. Sallis JF, Owen N, and Fisher EB. 2008. Ecological models of health behavior. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, and Viswanath K (Eds.), Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (4th ed., pp. 465-486). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
60. Sankaranarayanan R. 2014. Screening for cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Ann Glob Health, 80(5), 412-417 .PMID: 25512156.
61. Sankaranarayanan R. 2015. HPV vaccination: the most pragmatic cervical cancer primary prevention strategy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 131 Suppl 1, S33-S35 .PMID: 26433502.
62. Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thara S, et al. 2013. Long term effect of visual screening on oral cancer incidence and mortality in a randomized trial in Kerala, India. Oral Oncol, 49(4), 314-321 .PMID: 23265945.
63. Schottenfeld D, and Fraumeni JF. 1996. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
64. Schottenfeld D. 2015. Estimating attributable fractions: principles and applications. Ann Epidemiol, 25(3), 145-146 .PMID: 25530548.
65. Shastri SS, Mittra I, Mishra GA, et al. 2014. Effect of VIA screening by primary health workers: randomized controlled study in Mumbai, India. J Natl Cancer Inst, 106(3), dju009 .PMCID: PMC3982783.
66. Siegel R, Desantis C, and Jemal A. 2014. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin, 64(2), 104-117 .PMID: 24639052.
67. Siegel RL, Miller KD, and Jemal A. 2015. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin, 65(1), 5-29 .PMID: 25559415.
68. Simms KT, Smith MA, Lew JB, et al. 2016. Will cervical screening remain cost-effective in women offered the next generation nonavalent HPV vaccine? Results for four developed countries. Int J Cancer, 139(12), 2771-2780 .PMID: 27541596.
69. Storm HH. 1996. Cancer registries in epidemiologic research. Cancer Causes Control, 7(3), 299-301 .PMID 8734821.
70. Thun MJ, and Jemal A. 2006. How much of the decrease in cancer death rates in the United States is attributable to reductions in Tobacco smoking? Tob Control, 15(5), 345-347 .PMCID: PMC2563648.
71. Thursz M, and Fontanet A. 2014. HCV transmission in industrialized countries and resource-constrained areas. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11(1). 28-35 .PMID: 24080775.
72. Tomasetti C, and Vogelstein B. 2015. Cancer risk: role of environment- response. Science, 347(6223), 729-731 .PMID: 25678653.
73. Tomasetti C, Li L, and Vogelstein B. 2017. Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention. Science, 355(6331), 1330-1334 .PMID: 28336671.
74. Tshomo U, Franceschi S, Dorji D, et al. 2014. Human papillomavirus infection in Bhutan at the moment of implementation of a national HPV vaccination programme. BMC Infect Dis, 14, 408 .PMCID: PMC4223630.
75. US Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Atlanta, GA.
76. US Department of Health Education and Welfare. 1964. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committeer to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. US Department of Health, Educartion and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Washington, DC.
77. Vaccarella S, Franceschi S, Clifford GM, et al. 2010. Seroprevalence of antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in four continents: the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(9), 2379-2388 .PMID: 20826835.
78. Vaccarella S, Franceschi S, Engholm G, et al. 2014. 50 years of screening in the Nordic countries: quantifying the effects on cervical cancer incidence. Br J Cancer, 111(5), 965-969 .PMCID: PMC4150271.
79. Weed DL. 1994. Science, ethics guidelines, and advocacy in epidemiology. Ann Epidemiol, 4(2), 166-171 .PMID: 8205285.
80. Weed DL, and Coughlin SS. 1999. New ethics guidelines for epidemiology: background and rationale. Ann Epidemiol, 9(5), 277-280 .PMID: 10976852.
81. Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Liles E, Beil TL, and Fu R. 2008. Screening for colorectal cancer: a targeted, updated systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med, 149(9), 638-658 .PMID: 18838718.
82. World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: www.who.int/Tobacco/framework/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2017.
83. WHO. 2015. MPOWER, A policy packet to reverse the Tobacco epidemic from World Health Organization. WHO position paper on mammography screening (2014) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137339/1/9789241507936_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed 03 May 2017.