Beyond caring: The de-moralization of gender [1987]

Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Ethics

Volumn , Issue , 2018, Pages 61-77

  Friedman, Marilyn ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85050724810     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780429499463     Document Type: Chapter

References (68)

1. Different Voice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1982), 73.
2. ‘Do the Social Sciences Have an Adequate Theory of Moral Development?' in Norma Haan, Robert N. Bellah, Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan, eds., Social Science as Moral Inquiry (New York: Columbia University Press 1983), 33-51
3. ‘Reply,' Signs 11 (1986), 324-33
4. ‘Remapping the Moral Domain: New Images of the Self in Relationship,' in Thomas C. Heller, Morton Sosna and David E. Wellberry, eds., Reconstructing Individualism (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 1986) 237-52.
5. Frigga Haug, ‘Morals Also Have Two Genders,' trans. Rodney Livingstone, New Left Review 143 (1984), 55.
6. Owen J. Flanagan, Jr. and Jonathan E. Adler, ‘Impartiality and Particularity,' Social Research 50 (1983), 576-96
7. Nel Noddings, Caring (Berkeley: University of California Press 1984)
8. Claudia Card, ‘Virtues and Moral Luck’ (unpublished paper presented at American Philosophical Association, Western Division Meetings, Chicago, IL, April 1985, and at the Conference on Virtue Theory, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, February 1986)
9. Marilyn Friedman, Care and Context in Moral Reasoning, MOSAIC Monograph #1 (Bath, England: University of Bath 1985)
10. Carol Harding, ed., Moral Dilemmas (Chicago: Precedent 1986), 25-42
11. Diana T. Meyers and Eva Feder Kittay, eds., Women and Moral Theory (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield 1987), 190-204
12. Linda K. Kerber, ‘Some Cautionary Words for Historians,' Signs 11 (1986), 304-10
13. Catherine G. Greeno and Eleanor E. Maccoby, ‘How Different is the “Different Voice,”' Signs 11 (1986) 310-16
14. Zelia Luria, ‘A Methodological Critique,' Signs 11 (1986), 316-21
15. Carol B. Stack, ‘The Culture of Gender: Women and Men of Color,' Signs 11 (1986), 321-4
16. Owen Flanagan and Kathryn Jackson, ‘Justice, Care, and Gender: The Kohlberg-Gilligan Debate Revisited,' Ethics 97 (1987), 622-37.
17. Norma Haan, M. Brewster-Smith and Jeanne Block, ‘Moral Reasoning of Young Adults: Political-social Behavior, Family Background, and Personality Correlates,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 (1968), 183-201
18. James Fishkin, Kenneth Keniston and Catharine MacKinnon, ‘Moral Reasoning and Political Ideology,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27 (1973), 109-19
19. Norma Haan, ‘Hypothetical and Actual Moral Reasoning in a Situation of Civil Disobedience,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32 (1975), 255-70
20. Constance Holstein, ‘Development of Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal Study of Males and Females,' Child Development 47 (1976), 51-61
21. Sharry Langdale, ‘Moral Orientations and Moral Development: The Analysis of Care and Justice Reasoning across Different Dilemmas in Females and Males from Childhood through Adulthood’ (Ed. D. diss., Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1983)
22. Kay Johnston, ‘Two Moral Orientations-Two Problem-solving Strategies: Adolescents’ Solutions to Dilemmas in Fables’ (Ed. D. diss., Harvard Graduate School of Education 1985).
23. Gilligan, ‘Reply,' p. 330.
24. E. Turiel, ‘A Comparative Analysis of Moral Knowledge and Moral Judgment in Males and Females,' Journal of Personality 44 (1976), 195-208
25. C. B. Holstein, ‘Irreversible Stepwise Sequence in the Development of Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal Study of Males and Females’ (showing no differences in childhood or adolescence but showing differentiation in middle adulthood; see reference above)
26. N. Haan, et al., ‘Family Moral Patterns,' ChildDevelopment 47 (1976), 1204-6
27. M. Berkowitz, et al., ‘The Relation of Moral Judgment Stage Disparity to Developmental Effects of Peer Dialogues,' Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 26 (1980), 341-57
28. Mary Brabeck, ‘Moral Judgment: Theory and Research on Differences between Males and Females,' Developmental Review 3 (1983), 274-91.
29. ‘Sex Differences in the Development of Moral Reasoning,' Child Development 55 (1984), 677-91.
30. Norma Haan, ‘With Regard to Walker (1984) on Sex “Differences” in Moral Reasoning’ (University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Human Development mimeograph 1985)
31. Diana Baumrind, ‘Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning: Response to Walker’s (1984) Conclusion That There Are None,' Child Development [57 (1986), 511-521].
32. Gilligan, ‘Reply,' p. 330.
33. Norma Haan, ‘Two Moralities in Action Contexts,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978), 286-305.
34. Norma Haan, ‘Moral Reasoning in a Hypothetical and an Actual Situation of Civil Disobedience,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32 (1975), 255-70
35. Gertrud Nunner-Winkler, ‘Two Moralities? A Critical Discussion of an Ethic of Care and Responsibility versus an Ethic of Rights and Justice,' in William M. Kurtines and Jacob L. Gewirtz, Morality, Moral Behavior, and Moral Development (New York: John Wiley & Sons 1984), 348-61.
36. Gilligan, ‘Reply,' 326.
37. Broughton, ‘Women’s Rationality and Men’s Virtues,' 636.
38. Lawrence Kohlberg, ‘A Reply to Owen Flanagan and Some Comments on the Puka-Goodpaster Exchange,' Ethics 92 (1982), 513-28
39. Lawrence Kohlberg, Charles Levine and Alexandra Hewer, Moral Stages: A Current Reformulation and Response to Critics (Basel: Karger 1983), 20-7, 121-50.
40. Michael Stocker, ‘The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories,' Journal of Philosophy 63 (1976) 453-66
41. Bernard Williams, ‘Persons, Character and Morality,' in Amelie O. Rorty, ed., The Identities of Persons (Berkeley: University of California 1976)
42. Bernard Williams, Moral Luck (New York: Cambridge University Press 1982), 1-19
43. Lawrence Blum, Friendship, Altruism and Morality (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1980)
44. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame 1981), esp. ch. 15
45. Michael Stocker, ‘Values and Purposes: The Limits of Teleology and the Ends of Friendship,' Journal of Philosophy 78 (1981), 747-65
46. Owen Flanagan, ‘Virtue, Sex and Gender: Some Philosophical Reflections on the Moral Psychology Debate,' Ethics 92 (1982), 499-512
47. Michael Slate, ‘Morality Not a System of Imperatives,' American Philosophical Quarterly 19 (1982), 331-40
48. Christina Hoff Sommers, ‘Filial Morality,' Journal of Philosophy 83 (1986), 439-56.
49. Greeno and Maccoby, ‘How Different Is the “Different” Voice?' 314-15.
50. Gilligan, ‘Reply,' 325.
51. Linda Nicholson, ‘Women, Morality and History,' Social Research 50 (1983), 514-36
52. Gender and History (New York: Columbia University Press 1986) esp. chs. 3 and 4.
53. Nancy Eisenberg and Roger Lennon, ‘Sex Differences in Empathy and Related Capacities,' Psychological Bulletin 94 (1983), 100-31.
54. Alice H. Eagly, ‘Sex Differences and Social Roles’ (unpublished paper presented at Experimental Social Psychology, Tempe, AZ, October 1986), esp. p. 7.
55. Alice H. Eagly and Valerie J. Steffen, ‘Gender Stereotypes Stem from the Distribution of Women and Men into Social Roles,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1984), 735-54.
56. Alice H. Eagly and Valerie J. Steffen, ‘Gender Stereotypes Stem from the Distribution of Women and Men into Social Roles,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 129.
57. The Politics of Reality (Trumansburg, NY: The Crossing Press 1983), 9.
58. The Politics of Reality (Trumansburg, NY: The Crossing Press 1983), 10.
59. Susan Moller Okin, ‘Justice and Gender,' Philosophy and Public Affairs 16 (1987), 42-72.
60. Sara Ruddick, ‘Maternal Thinking,' Feminist Studies 6 (1980), 342-67
61. ‘Preservative Love and Military Destruction: Some Reflections on Mothering and Peace,' in Joyce Trebilcot, ed., Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory (Totowa, NJ: Rowman &Allanheld 1983), 231-62
62. Virginia Held, ‘The Obligations of Mothers and Fathers,' in Trebilcot, ed., 7-20.
63. Carole Pateman, "‘The Disorder of Women”: Women, Love, and the Sense of Justice,' Ethics 91 (1980), 20-34.
64. ‘The Feminization of Love,' Signs 11 (1986), 692-709.
65. Daley of Chicago (New York: New American Library 1971).
66. Seyla Benhabib, ‘The Generalized and the Concrete Other: Visions of the Autonomous Self,' in Meyers and Kittay, eds., Women and Moral Theory, 154-77.
67. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. Lewis White Beck (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill 1959), 46-7, 53-4.
68. Margaret Walker, ‘Moral Particularism,' unpublished manuscript presented at the Pacific Division Meetings of the American Philosophical Association, March 1987.