Combining co-citation clustering and text-based analysis to reveal the main development paths of smart cities

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Volumn 142, Issue , 2019, Pages 56-69

  Mora, Luca ^a   Deakin, Mark ^b   Reid, Alasdair ^b  

^a Edinburgh Napier University   (United Kingdom)

^b EDINBURGH NAPIER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bibliometrics; Co citation analysis; Content analysis; Development paths; Smart city; Sustainable urban development; Urban innovation

Indexed keywords

INFORMATION ANALYSIS; URBAN GROWTH;

BIBLIOMETRICS; CO-CITATION ANALYSIS; CONTENT ANALYSIS; DEVELOPMENT PATH; SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT;

SMART CITY;

INNOVATION; SMART CITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; URBAN DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 85050343522     PISSN: 00401625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.019     Document Type: Article

References (225)

1. ABB, ABB Power and Automation: Solid Foundations for Smart Cities. White paper, 2013, ABB http://new.abb.com/docs/default-source/smart-grids-library/abb_smart_grids_white_paper_2013.pdf?sfvrsn=2. (Accessed 4 May 2014)
2. Adam, D., The counting house. Nature 415:6873 (2002), 726–729.
3. Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, R.J., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., Nam, T., Pardo, T.A., Scholl, H.J., Walker, S., Scholl, H.J., Janssen, M., Wimmer, M.A., Moe, C.E., Flak, L.S., (eds.) Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives, Electronic Government: 11th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2012, Kristiansand, Norway, September 3–6, 2012. Proceedings, 2012, Springer, Berlin, 40–53.
4. Albino, V., Berardi, U., Dangelico, R.M., Smart cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J. Urban Technol. 22:1 (2015), 3–21.
5. Alkandari, A., Alnasheet, M., Alshekhly, I.F., Smart cities: survey. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Technol. Res. 2:2 (2012), 79–90.
6. Allmayer, S., Winkler, H., Interface management research in supplier–customer relationships: findings from a citation analysis of international literature. J. Bus. Econ. 83:9 (2013), 1015–1061.
7. Amato, V., Bloomer, L., Holmes, A., Kondepudi, S., Government Competitiveness Drives Smart + Connected Communities Initiative. White paper, 2012, Cisco Systems http://www.smartconnectedcommunities.org/docs/DOC-2174. (Accessed 4 January 2013)
8. Amato, V., Bloomer, L., Holmes, A., Kondepudi, S., Using ICT to Deliver Benefits to Cities by Enabling Smart + Connected Communities. White paper, 2012, Cisco Systems http://www.smartconnectedcommunities.org/docs/DOC-2150. (Accessed 4 January 2013)
9. Amato, V., Kondepudi, S., Holmes, A., Transforming Communities With Smart + Connected Services. White paper, 2012, Cisco Systems http://www.smartconnectedcommunities.org/docs/DOC-2129. (Accessed 4 January 2013)
10. American Association for the Advancement of Science, AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment. 2001, University of California Press, Oakland, CA.
11. Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P., Callaghan, V., Kameas, A., Egerton, S., Satoh, I., Weber, M., (eds.) From Digital to Ubiquitous Cities: Defining a Common Architecture for Urban Development, Proceedings 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), Kuala Lumpur, 19–21 July 2012, 2010, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 301–306.
12. Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P., From online to ubiquitous cities: the technical transformation of virtual communities. Sideridis, A.B., Patrikakis, C.Z., (eds.) Next Generation Society, Technological and Legal Issues: Third International Conference, E-Democracy 2009, Athens, Greece, September 23–25, 2009, 2010, Springer, Berlin, 360–372 Revised Selected Papers.
13. Atzori, L., Iera, A., Morabito, G., The Internet of things: a survey. Comput. Netw. 54:15 (2010), 2787–2805.
14. Aurigi, A., Digital city or urban simulator?. Ishida, T., Isbister, K., (eds.) Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences and Future Perspectives, 2000, Springer, Berlin, 33–44.
15. Aurigi, A., The First Steps of Digital Cities: Development of Social Shaping of Web-based Urban Cyberspace in Europe. (Doctoral thesis), 2003, University of Newcastle upon Tyne https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/handle/10443/506. (Accessed 13 May 2014)
16. Aurigi, A., Urban cyberspace as a social construction: non-technological factors in the shaping of digital Bristol. van den Besselaar, P., Koizumi, S., (eds.) Digital Cities III. Information Technologies for Social Capital: Cross-cultural Perspectives. Third International Digital Cities Workshop, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, September 18–19, 2003, 2005, Springer, Berlin, 97–112 Revised Selected Papers.
17. Aurigi, A., New technologies, same dilemmas: policy and design issues for the augmented city. J. Urban Technol. 13:3 (2006), 5–28.
18. Aurigi, A., Graham, S., Cyberspace and the city: the “virtual city” in Europe. Bridge, G., Watson, S., (eds.) A Companion to the City, 2000, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, 489–502.
19. Baccarne, B., Mechant, P., Schuurman, D., Empowered cities? An analysis of the structure and generated value of the smart city Ghent. Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., (eds.) Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value With High Technology in Urban Space, 2014, Springer, Cham, 157–182.
20. Baccarne, B., Schuurman, D., Mechant, P., De Marez, L., The Role of Urban Living Labs in a Smart City, XXV ISPIM Innovation Conference: Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, Dublin, 8–11 June 2014, 2014, International Society for Professional Innovation Management, Manchester.
21. Bastian, M., Heymann, S., Jacomy, M., Adar, E., Hurst, M., Finin, T., Glance, N., Nicolov, N., Tseng, B., (eds.) Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks, Proceedings of the Third International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, San Jose, CA, 17–20 May 2009, 2009, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 361–362.
22. Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J., Lambiotte, R., Lefebvre, E., Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp. 58:10 (2008), 1–12.
23. Bolici, R., Mora, L., Urban regeneration in the digital era: how to develop smart city strategies in large European cities. TECHNE J. Technol. Archit. Environ. 5:2 (2015), 110–119.
24. Braam, R.R., Moed, H.F., van Raan, A.F.J., Mapping of science by combined co-citation and word analysis. I: structural aspects. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 42:4 (1991), 233–251.
25. Braam, R.R., Moed, H.F., van Raan, A.F.J., Mapping of science by combined co-citation and word analysis. II: dynamical aspects. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 42:4 (1991), 252–266.
26. Brech, B., Rajan, R., Fletcher, J., Harrison, C., Hayes, M., Hogan, J., Hopkins, L., Isom, P.K., Meegan, J., Penny, C., Snowdon, J.L., Wood, D.A., Smarter Cities Series: Understanding the IBM Approach to Efficient Buildings. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4735.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
27. Breuer, J., Walravens, N., Ballon, P., Beyond defining the smart city: meeting top-down and bottom-up approaches in the middle. TeMA J. Land Use Mobil. Environ. 7 (2014), 153–164.
28. Callon, M., Courtial, J., Turner, W.A., Bauin, S., From translations to problematic networks: an introduction to co-word analysis. Soc. Sci. Inf. 22:2 (1983), 191–235.
29. Callon, M., Law, J., Rip, A., (eds.) Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World, 1986, Macmillan, London.
30. Callon, M., Courtial, J.P., Laville, F., Co-word analysis as a tool for describing the network of interactions between basic and technological research: the case of polymer chemistry. Scientometrics 22:1 (1991), 155–205.
31. Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P., Smart Cities in Europe, Paper Presented at 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science, Kosice, 7–9 October 2009, 2009 http://www.inta-aivn.org/images/cc/Urbanism/background%20documents/01_03_Nijkamp.pdf. (Accessed 29 December 2012)
32. Carvalho, L., Smart cities from scratch? A socio-technical perspective. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc. 8:1 (2015), 43–60.
33. Casillas, J., Acedo, F., Evolution of the intellectual structure of family business literature: a bibliometric study of FBR. Fam. Bus. Rev. 20:2 (2007), 141–162.
34. Castells, M., The Rise of the Network Society. 1996, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford.
35. Chen-Ritzo, C., Harrison, C., Paraszczak, J., Parr, F., Instrumenting the planet. IBM J. Res. Dev. 53:3 (2009), 338–353.
36. Chi, R., Young, J., The interdisciplinary structure of research on intercultural relations: a co-citation network analysis study. Scientometrics 96:1 (2013), 147–171.
37. Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, R.J., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T.A., Scholl, H.J., Sprague, R.H., (eds.) Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework, Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Maui, HI, 04–07 January 2012, 2012, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 2289–2297.
38. Christopoulou, E., Ringas, D., Garofalakis, J., The vision of the sociable smart city. Streitz, N., Markopoulos, P., (eds.) Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions, Second International Conference, DAPI 2014, Held as Part of HCI International 2014, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22–27, 2014. Proceedings, 2014, Springer, Berlin, 545–554.
39. Cobo, M., López-Herrera, A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Herrera, F., Science mapping software tools: review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 62:7 (2011), 1382–1402.
40. Cocchia, A., Smart and digital city: a systematic literature review. Damieri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., (eds.) Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value With High Technology in Urban Space, 2014, Springer, Berlin, 13–43.
41. Colding, J., Barthel, S., An urban ecology critique on the “smart city” model. J. Clean. Prod. 164 (2017), 95–101.
42. Concilio, G., Rizzo, F., (eds.) Human Smart Cities: Rethinking the Interplay Between Design and Planning, 2016, Springer, Berlin.
43. Cosgrove, M., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Jabbar, R., Kehoe, M., Meegan, J., Nesbitt, P., Smarter Cties Series: Introducing the IBM City Operations and Management Solution. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4734.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
44. Cugurullo, F., How to build a sandcastle: an analysis of the genesis and development of Masdar City. J. Urban Technol. 20:1 (2013), 23–37.
45. Dameri, R., Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. Int. J. Comput. Technol. 11:5 (2013), 2544–2551.
46. Dameri, R.P., Comparing smart and digital city: initiatives and strategies in Amsterdam and Genoa. Are they digital and/or smart?. Dameri, R.P., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C., (eds.) Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value With High Technology in Urban Space, 2014, Springer, Berlin, 45–88.
47. Dameri, R.P., Smart City Implementation: Creating Economic and Public Value in Innovative Urban Systems. 2017, Spring, Cham.
48. De Bellis, N., Bibliometrics and Citation Analysis: From the Science Citation Index to Cybermetrics. 2009, The Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD.
49. de Bruine, A., Digital city Bristol: a case study. Ishida, T., Isbister, K., (eds.) Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences and Future Perspectives, 2000, Springer, Berlin, 110–124.
50. Deakin, M., (eds.) Smart Cities: Governing, Modelling and Analysing the Transition, 2014, Routledge, New York City, NY.
51. Deakin, M., Al Wear, H., From intelligent to smart cities. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 140–152.
52. Deakin, M., Leydesdorff, L., The triple helix model of smart cities: a neo-evolutionary perspective. Deakin, M., (eds.) Smart Cities: Governing, Modelling and Analyzing the Transition, 2014, Routledge, New York, NY, 134–149.
53. Deakin, M., Reid, A., Smart cities: under-gridding the sustainability of city-districts as energy efficient-low carbon zones. J. Clean. Prod. 173 (2016), 39–48.
54. Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G.G., Foo, S., Journal as markers of intellectual space: journal co-citation analysis of information retrieval area, 1987–1997. Scientometrics 47:1 (2000), 55–73.
55. Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G.G., Foo, S., Bibliometric cartography of information retrieval research by using co-word analysis. Inf. Process. Manag. 37:6 (2001), 817–842.
56. Dirks, S., Keeling, M., A Vision of Smarter Cities: How Cities Can Lead the Way Into a Prosperous and Sustainable Future. Executive Report. 2009, IBM Corporation http://www-03.ibm.com/press/attachments/IBV_Smarter_Cities_-_Final.pdf. (Accessed 3 February 2012)
57. Dirks, S., Keeling, M., Dencik, J., How Smart Is Your City: Helping Cities Measure Progress. Executive Report. 2009, IBM Corporation http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03248usen/GBE03248USEN.PDF. (Accessed 6 June 2014)
58. Dirks, S., Gurdgiev, C., Keeling, M., Smarter Cities for Smarter Growth: How Cities Can Optimize Their Systems for the Talent-based Economy. Executive Report. 2010, IBM Corporation http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03348usen/GBE03348USEN.PDF. (Accessed 3 February 2012)
59. Dvir, R., Pasher, E., Innovation engines for knowledge cities: an innovation ecology perspective. J. Knowl. Manag. 8:5 (2004), 16–27.
60. Ersoy, A., Smart cities as a mechanism towards a broader understanding of infrastructure interdependencies. Reg. Stud. Reg. Sci. 4:1 (2017), 1–6.
61. European Commission, European SmartGrids Technology Platform: Vision for Europe's Electricity Networks of the Future. 2006, European Union, Belgium.
62. European Commission, Communication From the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies (SET-Plan). COM(2009) 519 Final. 2009, European Commission http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0519&from=EN. (Accessed 2 February 2014)
63. European Commission, Communication From the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on Mobilising Information and Communication Technologies to Facilitate the Transition to An Energy Efficient, Low-carbon Economy. COM(2009) 111 final. 2009, European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/sustainable_growth/docs/com_2009_111/com2009-111-en.pdf. (Accessed 2 February 2014)
64. European Commission, Call FP7-ENERGY-SMARTCITIES-2012. Call Fiche. 2011, European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/doc/call/fp7/fp7-energy-smartcities-2012/31559-fiche_fp7-energy-2012-smartcities_en.pdf. (Accessed 2 October 2016)
65. European Commission, Call FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013. Call Fiche. 2012, European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/doc/call/fp7/fp7-smartcities-2013/32801-call_fiche_fp7-smartcities-2013_en.pdf. (Accessed 2 October 2016)
66. European Commission, Communication From the Commission: Smart Cities and Communities - European Innovation Partnership. C(2012) 4701 Final. 2012, European Commission http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0519&from=EN. (Accessed 2 February 2014)
67. European Commission, Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2016–2017: Cross-cutting Activities (Focus Areas). European Commission Decision C(2016)4614. 2016, European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2016_2017/main/h2020-wp1617-focus_en.pdf. (Accessed 20 January 2017)
68. European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities, European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities: Strategic Implementation Plan. 2013, European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/eip/smartcities/files/sip_final_en.pdf. (Accessed 28 March 2017)
69. Exner, J., Smart cities - field of application for planning support systems in the 21st century?. Proceedings Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management 2015, Cambridge, MA, 7–10 July 2015, 2015, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
70. Firmino, R.J., Building the Virtual City: The Dilemmas of Integrating Strategies for Urban and Electronic Spaces. (PhD thesis), 2004, University of Newcastle upon Tyne http://www.academia.edu/1112229/Building_the_virtual_city_the_dilemmas_of_integrating_strategies_for_urban_and_electronic_spaces. (Accessed 1 September 2014)
71. Florida, R., The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. 2002, Basic Books, New York City, NY.
72. Florida, R., Cities and the Creative Class. 2005, Routledge, New York City, NY.
73. Garfield, E., Citation indexing for studying science. Inf. Sci. 1:15 (1970), 133–138.
74. Garfield, E., Citation Indexing: Its Theory and Application in Science, Technology, and Humanities. 1979, John Wiley and Sons, New York City, NY.
75. Garfield, E., Is citation analysis a legitimate evaluation tool?. Scientometrics 1:4 (1979), 359–375.
76. Gibson, D.V., Kozmetsky, G., Smilor, R.W., (eds.) The Technopolis Phenomenon: Smart Cities, Fast Systems, Global Networks, 1992, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD.
77. Giffinger, R., Ferter, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., Meijers, E., Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-sized Cities. Research Report. 2007, Vienna University of Technology - Centre of Regional Science (SRF) http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf. (Accessed 5 September 2012)
78. Gil-Castineira, F., Costa-Montenegro, E., Francisco, J.G., Lopez-Bravo, C., Ojala, T., Bose, R., Experiences inside the ubiquitous Oulu smart city. Computer 44:6 (2011), 48–55.
79. Glanzel, W., Czerwon, H.J., A new methodological approach to bibliographic coupling and its application to the national, regional and institutional level. Scientometrics 37:2 (1996), 195–221.
80. Glanzel, W., Thijs, B., Using ‘core documents’ for the representation of clusters and topics. Scientometrics 88:1 (2011), 297–309.
81. Gmur, M., Co-citation analysis and the search for invisible colleges: a methodological evaluation. Scientometrics 57:1 (2003), 27–57.
82. Godin, B., On the origins of bibliometrics. Scientometrics 68:1 (2006), 109–133.
83. Gooch, D., Wolff, A., Kortuem, G., Brown, R., Reimagining the Role of Citizens in Smart City Projects, UbiComp/ISWC'15 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Osaka, 7–11 September 2015, 2015, ACM, New York, NY, 1587–1594.
84. Graham, S., Introduction: from dreams of transcendence to the remediation of urban life. Graham, S., (eds.) The Cybercities Reader, 2004, Routledge, New York, United States, 1–29.
85. Graham, S., (eds.) The Cybercities Reader, 2004, Routledge, New York City, NY.
86. Graham, S., Marvin, S., Telecommunications and the City: Electronic Spaces, Urban Places. 1996, Routledge, New York City, NY.
87. Graham, S., Marvin, S., Planning cyber-cities? Integrating telecommunications into urban planning. Town Plan. Rev. 70:1 (1999), 89–114.
88. Graham, S., Marvin, S., Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. 2001, Routledge, New York City, NY.
89. GSMA, South Korea: Busan Green U-City. Report. 2012, GSMA http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/cl_busan_08_121.pdf. (Accessed 20 June 2013)
90. Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., Williams, P., Foundations for smarter cities. IBM J. Res. Dev. 54:4 (2010), 1–16.
91. Harrison, C., Paraszczak, J., Williams, R.P., Preface: smarter cities. IBM J. Res. Dev. 55:1–2 (2011), 1–5.
92. Hashem, I.A.T., Anuar, N.B., Gani, A., Yaqoob, I., Xia, F., Khan, S.U., MapReduce: review and open challenges. Scientometrics 109:1 (2016), 389–422.
93. He, Q., Knowledge discovery through co-word analysis. Libr. Trends 48:1 (1999), 133–159.
94. Heersmink, R., van den Hoven, J., van Eck, N.J., van den Berg, J., Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics. Ethics Inf. Technol. 13:3 (2011), 241–249.
95. Hemment, D., Townsend, A., (eds.) Smart Citizens, 2013, FutureEverything, Manchester.
96. Hollands, R.G., Will the real smart city please stand up?. City: Anal. Urban Trends Cult. Theory Policy Action 12:3 (2008), 303–320.
97. Hollands, R.G., Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc. 8:1 (2015), 61–77.
98. Hollands, R.G., Beyond the corporate smart city? Glimpses of other possibilities of smartness. Marvin, S., Luque-Ayala, A., McFarlane, C., (eds.) Smart Urbanism: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?, 2016, Routledge, New York City, NY, 168–184.
99. Holler, J., Tsiatsis, V., Avesand, S., Karnouskos, S., Boyle, D., From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence. 2014, Elsevier, Oxford.
100. Hutton, G.R., Scientific Grey Literature in a Digital Age: Measuring Its Use and Influence in an Evolving Information Economy, Paper Presented at 37th Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of Information Science and Inaugural Librarians' Research Institute Symposium. Mapping the 21st Century Information Landscape: Borders, Bridges and Byways, Ottawa, 28–30 May 2009, 2009 http://www.cais-acsi.ca/ojs/index.php/cais/article/viewFile/126/518. (Accessed 19 November 2013)
101. IBM Corporation, Smarter Planet. Website http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/smarterplanet/, 2017. (Accessed 20 March 2017)
102. Ingwersen, P., Larsen, B., Garcia-Zorita, J.C., Serrano-Lopez, A.E., Sanz-Casado, E., Influence of proceedings papers on citation impact in seven sub-fields of sustainable energy research 2005–2011. Scientometrics 101:2 (2014), 1273–1292.
103. Ishida, T., Isbister, K., (eds.) Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences and Future Perspectives, 2000, Springer, Berlin.
104. ITU, ITU Internet Reports 2005: The Internet of Things. Report. 2005, International Telecommunication Union http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/. (Accessed 4 June 2014)
105. Jacobsen, T., Punzalan, R.L., Hedstrom, M.L., Invoking collective memory: mapping the emergence of a concept in archival science. Archiv. Sci. 13:2–3 (2013), 217–251.
106. Juan, Y.K., Wang, L., Wang, J., Leckie, J., Li, K.M., A decision-support system for smarter city planning and management. IBM J. Res. Dev. 55:1–2 (2011), 3:1–3:12.
107. Karnouskos, S., Nass de Holanda, T., Simulation of a smart grid city with software agents. EMS '09: Third UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation, Athens, 25–27 November 2009, 2009, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 424–429.
108. Katz, J.S., Ruano, J., Smarter Cities Series: Understanding the IBM Approach to Energy Innovation. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4739.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
109. Kehoe, M., Cosgrove, M., De Gennaro, S., Harrison, C., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Meegan, J., Nesbitt, P., Peters, C., Smarter Cities Series: A Foundation for Understanding IBM Smarter Cities. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4733.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
110. King, J., A review of bibliometric and other science indicators and their role in research evaluation. J. Inf. Sci. 13:5 (1987), 261–276.
111. Kitchin, R., The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal 79:1 (2014), 1–14.
112. Kohno, M., Masuyama, Y., Kato, N., Tobe, A., Hitachi's smart city solutions for new era of urban development. Hitachi Rev. 60:2 (2011), 79–88.
113. Komninos, N., Intelligent Cities: Innovation, Knowledge, Systems and Digital Spaces. 2002, Spon Press, New York City, NY.
114. Komninos, N., The Architecture of Intelligent Cities: Integrating Human, Collective and Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Knowledge, Proceedings of the 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Athens, 05–06 July 2006, 2006, Page Bros Ltd., Norwich, 13–20.
115. Komninos, N., Intelligent Cities and Globalization of Innovation Networks. 2008, Routledge, New York City, NY.
116. Komninos, N., Intelligent cities: variable geometries of spatial intelligence. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 172–188.
117. Komninos, N., The Age of Intelligent Cities: Smart Environments and Innovation-for-all Strategies. 2014, Routledge, New York City, NY.
118. Komninos, N., Mora, L., Exploring the big picture of smart city research. Sci. Reg. Ital. J. Reg. Sci. 1:2018 (2018), 15–38.
119. Kourtit, K., Deakin, M., Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P., Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., An advanced triple helix network framework for smart cities performance. Deakin, M., (eds.) Smart Cities: Governing, Modelling and Analyzing the Transition, 2014, Routledge, New York, NY, 196–216.
120. Kovács, A., Van Looy, B., Cassiman, B., Exploring the scope of open innovation: a bibliometric review of a decade of research. Scientometrics 104:3 (2015), 951–983.
121. Kurebayashi, T., Masuyama, Y., Morita, K., Taniguchi, N., Mizuki, F., Global initiatives for smart urban development. Hitachi Rev. 60:2 (2011), 89–93.
122. Landry, C., The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovation. 2000, Earthscan, London.
123. Lazaroiu, G.C., Roscia, M., Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy 47:1 (2012), 326–332.
124. Lee, J., Hancock, M.G., Toward a Framework for Smart Cities: A Comparison of Seoul, San Francisco and Amsterdam. Presentation. 2012, Yonsei University and Stanford University http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts/7239/Jung_Hoon_Lee_final.pdf. (Accessed 6 December 2014)
125. Lee, S., Han, J., Leem, Y., Yigitcanlar, T., Towards ubiquitous city: concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea. Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., Baum, S., (eds.) Knowledge-based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era, 2008, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 148–169.
126. Lee, J., Hancock, M.G., Hu, M., Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 89 (2014), 80–99.
127. Leydesdorff, L., Why words and co-words cannot map the development of the sciences. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 48:5 (1997), 418–427.
128. Leydesdorff, L., Deakin, M., The triple-helix model of smart cities: a neo-evolutionary perspective. J. Urban Technol. 18:2 (2011), 53–63.
129. Leydesdorff, L., Rafols, I., A global map of science based on the ISI subject categories. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 60:2 (2009), 348–362.
130. Leydesdorff, L., Hammarfelt, B., Akdag Salah, A.A., The structure of the arts & humanities citation index: a mapping on the basis of aggregated citations among 1,157 journals. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 62:12 (2011), 2414–2426.
131. Liu, Z., Visualizing the intellectual structure in urban studies: a journal co-citation analysis (1992–2002). Scientometrics 62:3 (2005), 385–402.
132. Liu, G., Hu, J., Wang, H., A co-word analysis of digital library field in China. Scientometrics 91:1 (2012), 203–217.
133. Ludlow, D., Khan, Z., Soomro, K., Marconcini, M., San Jose, R., Malcorps, P., Lemper, M., Luis Perez, J., Metz, A., From top-down land use planning intelligence to bottom-up stakeholder engagement for smart cities – a case study: DECUMANUS service products. Int. J. Serv. Technol. Manag. 23 (2017), 465–493.
134. MacRoberts, M.H., MacRoberts, B.R., Problems of citation analysis: a critical review. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 40:5 (1989), 342–349.
135. Manville, C., Cochrane, G., Cave, J., Millard, J., Pederson, J.K., Thaarup, R.K., Liebe, A., Wissner, M., Massink, R., Kotterink, B., Mapping Smart City in the EU. Research Report. European Parliament - Directorate-General for Internal Policies. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOL-ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf, 2014. (Accessed 2 May 2014)
136. March, H., The smart city and other ICT-led techno-imaginaries: any room for dialogue with degrowth?. J. Clean. Prod., 2016, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.154.
137. McCain, K.W., Cocited author mapping as a valid representation of intellectual structure. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 37:3 (1986), 111–122.
138. McCain, K.W., Mapping authors in intellectual space: a technical overview. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 41:6 (1990), 433–443.
139. McCain, K.W., Mapping economics through the journal literature: an experiment in journal cocitation analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 42:4 (1991), 290–296.
140. McNeill, D., IBM and the visual formation of smart cities. Marvin, S., Luque-Ayala, A., McFarlane, C., (eds.) Smart Urbanism: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?, 2016, Routledge, New York City, NY, 34–51.
141. Meijer, A., Bolivar, M.P.R., Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. Int. Rev. Adm. Sci. 82:2 (2016), 392–408.
142. Meyer, M., Libaers, D., Thijs, B., Grant, K., Glanzel, W., Debackere, K., Origin and emergence of entrepreneurship as a research field. Scientometrics 98:1 (2014), 473–485.
143. Mino, E., Experiences of European digital cities. Ishida, T., Isbister, K., (eds.) Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences and Future Perspectives, 2000, Springer, Berlin, 58–72.
144. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I., Internet of things: vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Netw. 10:7 (2012), 1497–1516.
145. Mitchell, W.J., The City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn. 1995, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
146. Mitchell, W.J., E-topia: Urban Life, Jim—But Not as We Know It. 1999, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
147. Mitchell, W.J., Me++: The Cyborg Self and the Networked City. 2003, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
148. Mora, L., Bolici, R., The development process of smart city strategies: the case of Barcelona. Rajaniemi, J., (eds.) Re-city: Future City - Combining Disciplines, 2016, Juvenes print, Tampere, 155–181.
149. Mora, L., Bolici, R., How to become a smart city: learning from Amsterdam. Bisello, A., Vettorato, D., Stephens, R., Elisei, P., (eds.) Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions: Results of SSPCR 2015, 2017, Springer, Cham, 251–266.
150. Mora, L., Bolici, R., Deakin, M., The first two decades of smart-city research: a bibliometric analysis. J. Urban Technol. 24:1 (2017), 3–27.
151. Mora, L., Deakin, M., Reid, A., Strategic principles for smart city development: a multiple case study analysis of European best practices. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang., 2018, 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.035 (in press).
152. Mora, L., Deakin, M., Reid, A., Angelidou, M., How to overcome the dichotomous nature of smart city research: proposed methodology and results of a pilot study. J. Urban Technol., 2018 (in press).
153. Moss Kanter, R., Litow, S.S., Informed and Interconnected: A Manifesto for Smarter Cities. Working paper, 2009, Harvard Business School http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/09-141.pdf. (Accessed 24 January 2012)
154. Nam, T., Pardo, T.A., Bertot, J., Nahon, K., Chun, S.A., Luna-Reyes, L., Atluri, V., (eds.) Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People and Institutions, Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, College Park, MD, 12–15 June 2011, 2011, ACM Press, New York City, NY, 282–291.
155. Nam, T., Pardo, T.A., Estevez, E., Janssen, M., (eds.) Smart City as Urban Innovation: Focusing on Management, Policy, and Context, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (ICEGOV2011), Tallinn, 26–28 September 2011, 2011, ACM Press, New York City, NY, 185–194.
156. Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A.C., Mangano, G., Scorrano, F., Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. Cities 38 (2014), 25–36.
157. Niaros, V., Introducing a taxonomy of the “smart city”: towards a commons-oriented approach?. tripleC 14:1 (2016), 51–61.
158. Palmisano, S.J., A Smarter Planet: The Next Leadership Agenda. Speech. 2008, IBM Corporation www.ibm.com/ibm/blf/pdf/SJP_Smarter_Planet.pdf. (Accessed 3 March 2011)
159. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., Heracleous, L., A strategic view on smart city technology: the case of IBM smarter cities during a recession. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 89 (2014), 262–272.
160. Paskaleva, K.A., Enabling the smart city: the progress of city E-governance in Europe. Int. J. Innov. Reg. Dev. 1:4 (2009), 405–422.
161. Paskaleva, K.A., The smart city: a nexus for open innovation?. Intell. Build. Int. 3:3 (2011), 133–152.
162. Paul, A., Cleverley, M., Kerr, W., Marzolini, F., Reade, M., Russo, S., Smarter Cities Series: Understanding the IBM Approach to Public Safety. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4738.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
163. Peeters, B., The information society in the city of Antwerp. Ishida, T., Isbister, K., (eds.) Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences and Future Perspectives, 2000, Springer, Berlin, 73–82.
164. Polastre, J., Hill, J., Culler, D., Versatile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Networks, SenSys '04: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, MD, 3–5 November 2004, 2004, ACM Press, New York City, NY, 95–107.
165. Pritchard, A., Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics?. J. Doc. 25:4 (1969), 348–349.
166. Randhawa, K., Wilden, R., Hohberger, J., A bibliometric review of open innovation: setting a research agenda. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 33:6 (2016), 750–772.
167. Ratti, C., Townsend, A., The social nexus. Sci. Am., 2011, 42–48 September 2011.
168. Republic of Korea, U-City. Brochure. Republic of Korea. http://eng.nia.or.kr/english/bbs/download.asp?fullpathname=%5CData%5Cattach%5C201112221611231975%5Cu-City(2007).pdf&filename=u-City(2007).pdf, 2007. (Accessed 6 September 2014)
169. Republic of Korea, U-Korea Master Plan: To Achieve the World First Ubiquitous Society. Republic of Korea. http://www.ipc.go.kr/servlet/download?pt=/ipceng/public&fn=u-KOREA+Master+Plan+.pdf, 2007. (Accessed 6 September 2014)
170. Reyes-Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez-Brambila, C.N., Veloso, F., Using co-authorship and citation analysis to identify research groups: a new way to assess performance. Scientometrics 108:3 (2016), 1171–1191.
171. Ruano, J., Chao, T., Hartswick, P., Havers, B., Meegan, J., Wasserkrug, S., Williams, P., Smarter Cities Series: Understanding the IBM Approach to Water Management. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4736.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
172. Sanchez, L., Galache, J.A., Gutierrez, V., Hernandez, J.M., Bernat, J., Gluhak, A., Garcia, T., Cunningham, P., Cunningham, M., (eds.) SmartSantander: The Meeting Point Between Future Internet Research and Experimentation and the Smart Cities, Future Network & Mobile Summit 2011 Conference Proceedings, Warsaw, 15–17 June 2011, 2011, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 1–8.
173. Sanchez, L., Gutierrez, V., Galache, J.A., Sotres, P., Santana, J.R., Casanueva, J., Munoz, L., SmartSantander: experimentation and service provision in the smart city. 2013 16th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), Atlantic City, NJ, 24–27 June 2013, 2013, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 1–6.
174. Schaefer, S., Harrison, C., Lamba, N., Srikanth, V., Smarter Cities Series: Understanding the IBM Approach to Traffic Management. 2011, IBM Corporation http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4737.pdf. (Accessed 14 September 2012)
175. Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., Oliveira, A., Smart cities and the future Internet: towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. Domingue, J., Galis, A., Gavras, A., Zahariadis, T., Lambert, D., Cleary, F., Daras, P., Krco, S., Muller, H., Li, M., Schaffers, H., Lotz, V., Alvarez, F., Stiller, B., Karnouskos, S., Avessta, S., Nillson, M., (eds.) The Future Internet. Future Internet Assembly 2011: Achievements and Technological Promises, 2011, Springer, Berlin, 431–446.
176. Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Aguas, M., Almirall, E., Bakici, T., Barroca, J., Carter, D., Corriou, M., Fernadez, J., Hielkema, H., Kivilehto, A., Nilsson, M., Oliveira, A., Posio, E., Sällström, A., Santoro, R., Senach, B., Torres, I., Tsarchopoulos, P., Trousse, B., Turkama, P., Lopez Ventura, J., Smart Cities As Innovation Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet. White paper http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/76/96/35/PDF/FIREBALL-White-Paper-Final2.pdf, 2012. (Accessed 24 August 2011)
177. Schneider, J.W., Larsen, B., Ingwersen, P., A comparative study of first and all-author co-citation counting, and two different matrix generation approaches applied for author co-citation analyses. Scientometrics 80:1 (2009), 1053–1320.
178. Schopfel, J., Farace, D.J., Fratzen, J., (eds.) Towards a Prague Definition of Grey Literature, Twelfth International Conference on Grey Literature: Transparency in Grey Literature. Grey Tech Approaches to High Tech Issues, Prague, 6–7 December 2010, 2010, TextRelease, Amsterdam, 11–26.
179. Schopfel, J., Farace, D.J., Grey literature. Bates, M.J., Maack, M.N., (eds.) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 2010, Taylor & Francis, New York City, NY, 2029–2039.
180. Schuurman, D., Baccarne, B., De Marez, L., Mechant, P., Smart ideas for smart cities: investigating crowdsourcing for generating and selecting ideas for ICT innovation in a city context. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 7:3 (2012), 49–62.
181. Schuurman, D., De Marez, L., Ballon, P., The impact of living lab methodology on open innovation contributions and outcomes. Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev. 1:6 (2016), 7–16.
182. Selada, C., Smart cities and the quadruple helix innovation systems conceptual framework: the case of Portugal. Monteiro, S., Carayannis, E.G., (eds.) The Quadruple Innovation Helix Nexus: A Smart Growth Model, Quantitative Empirical Validation and Operationalization for OECD Countries, 2017, Palgrave, New York City, NY, 211–244.
183. Shiau, W., Dwivedi, Y.K., Citation and co-citation analysis to identify core and emerging knowledge in electronic commerce research. Scientometrics 94:3 (2013), 1317–1337.
184. Shin, D., A critique of Korean National Information Strategy: case of national information infrastructures. Gov. Inf. Q. 24:3 (2007), 624–645.
185. Shin, D., Ubiquitous city: urban technologies, urban infrastructure and urban informatics. J. Inf. Sci. 35:5 (2009), 515–526.
186. Shin, D., A realization of pervasive computing: ubiquitous city. Kocaoglu, D.F., Anderson, T.R., Daim, T.U., (eds.) 2010 Proceedings of PICMET '10: Technology Management for Global Economic Growth, Seoul, 18–22 July 2010, 2010, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 1–10.
187. Shin, D., Kim, T., Large-scale ICT innovation and policy. Kocaoglu, D.F., Anderson, T.R., Daim, T.U., Jetter, A., Weber, C.M., (eds.) PICMET 2010 Proceedings: Technology Management for Global Economic Growth, Seoul, 18–22 July 2010, 2010, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, 148–161.
188. Shin, D., Lee, C., Disruptive innovation for social change: how technology innovation can be best managed in social context. Telematics Inform. 28:2 (2011), 86–100.
189. Siemens AG, Our Future Depends on Intelligent Infrastructures. 2014, Siemens AG https://www.siemens.com/digitalization/public/pdf/siemens-intelligent-infrastructure.pdf. (Accessed 3 June 2017)
190. Small, H.G., Co-citation in the scientific literature: a new measure of the relationship between two documents. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 24:4 (1973), 265–269.
191. Small, H.G., Cited documents as concept symbols. Soc. Stud. Sci. 8:3 (1978), 327–340.
192. Small, H.G., Crane, D., Specialties and disciplines in science and social science: an examination of their structure using citation indexes. Scientometrics 1:5–6 (1979), 445–461.
193. Small, H.G., Griffith, B.C., The structure of scientific literature I: identifying and graphing specialties. Sci. Stud. 4:1 (1974), 17–40.
194. Soderstrom, O., Paasche, T., Klauser, F., Smart cities as corporate storytelling. City: Anal. Urban Trends Cult. Theory Policy Action 18:3 (2014), 307–320.
195. Song, J., Zhang, H., Dong, W., A review of emerging trends in global PPP research: analysis and visualization. Scientometrics 107:3 (2016), 1111–1147.
196. Strickland, E., Cisco bets on South Korean smart city. IEEE Spectr. 48:8 (2011), 11–12.
197. Sujata, J., Saksham, S., Godbole, T., Shreya, Developing smart cities: an integrated framework. Proc. Comput. Sci. 93 (2016), 902–909.
198. Sundmaeker, H., Guillemin, P., Friess, P., Woelfflé, S., (eds.) Vision and Challenges for Realising the Internet of Things, 2010, European Commission, Brussels.
199. Tamai, H., Fujitsu's approach to smart cities. FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J. 50:2 (2014), 3–10.
200. Tekes, Ubiquitous City in Korea: Services and Enabling Technologies. Report. 2011, Tekes https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/global/ohjelmat-ja-palvelut/ohjelmat/ubicom/aineistot/raportit/korea/ubiquitouscityinkorea.pdf. (Accessed 15 May 2014)
201. The Climate Group, SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age. Report. 2008, The Climate Group http://www.smart2020.org/_assets/files/02_Smart2020Report.pdf. (Accessed 5 June 2014)
202. Townsend, A., Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. 2013, W.W. Norton & Company Ltd., New York City, NY.
203. Townsend, A., Maguire, R., Liebhold, M., Crawford, M., A Planet of Civic Laboratories: The Future of Cities, Information and Inclusion. White paper, 2011, Institute for the Future http://www.iftf.org/uploads/media/IFTF_Rockefeller_CivicLaboratoriesMap_01.pdf. (Accessed 8 December 2011)
204. Tsay, M., Xu, H., Wu, C., Journal co-citation analysis of semiconductor literature. Scientometrics 57:1 (2003), 7–25.
205. Tselentis, G., Domingue, J., Galis, A., Gavras, A., Hausheer, D., Krco, H., Lotz, V., Zahariadis, T., (eds.) Towards the Future Internet: A European Research Perspective, 2009, IOS Press, Amsterdam.
206. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011. 2011, Earthscan, London.
207. US Department of Commerce - NIST, NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards. Report. 2010, National Institute of Standards and Technology - US Department of Commerce http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf. (Accessed 30 September 2014)
208. van den Besselaar, P., E-community versus E-commerce: the rise and decline of the Amsterdam digital city. AI Soc. Knowl. Cult. Commun. 15:3 (2001), 280–288.
209. van Waart, P., Mulder, I., de Bont, C., A participatory approach for envisioning a smart city. Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. 34:6 (2016), 708–723.
210. Viitanen, J., Kingston, R., Smart cities and green growth: outsourcing democratic and environmental resilience to the global technology sector. Environ Plan A 46:4 (2014), 803–819.
211. Walravens, N., Mobile city applications for Brussels citizens: smart city trends, challenges and a reality check. Telematics Inform. 32:2 (2015), 282–299.
212. Washburn, D., Usman, S., Balaouras, S., Dines, R.A., Hayes, N.M., Nelson, L.E., Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives. White paper, 2010, Forrester Research http://www.forrester.com/Helping+CIOs+Understand+Smart+City+Initiatives/quickscan/-/E-RES55590. (Accessed 20 March 2012)
213. Weiser, M., The computer for the 21st century. Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev. 3:3 (1991), 3–11.
214. Weiser, M., Hot topics: ubiquitous computing. Computer 26:10 (1993), 71–72.
215. Weiser, M., Gold, R., Brown, J.S., The origins of ubiquitous computing research at PARC in the late 1980s. IBM Syst. J. 38:4 (1999), 693–696.
216. White, H.D., Author co-citation analysis: overview and defense. Borgman, C.L., (eds.) Scholarly Communication and Bibliometrics, 1990, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA, 84–106.
217. Wiig, A., Secure the city, revitalize the zone: smart urbanization in Camden, New Jersey. Environ. Plan. C Polit. Space 36:3 (2018), 403–422.
218. Yigitcanlar, T., O'Connor, K., Westerman, C., The making of knowledge cities: Melbourne's knowledge-based urban development experience. Cities 25:2 (2008), 63–72.
219. Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., Baum, S., (eds.) Creative Urban Regions: Harnessing Urban Technologies to Support Knowledge City Initiatives, 2008, IGI Global, Hershey, PA.
220. Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., Baum, S., (eds.) Knowledge-based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era, 2008, IGI Global, Hershey, PA.
221. Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., Martinez-Fernandez, C., Rising knowledge cities: the role of urban knowledge precincts. J. Knowl. Manag. 12:5 (2008), 8–20.
222. Yoshikawa, Y., Tada, K., Furuya, S., Koda, K., Actions for realizing next-generation smart cities. Hitachi Rev. 60:6 (2011), 89–93.
223. Zhao, Y., Cui, L., Yang, H., Evaluating reliability of co-citation clustering analysis in representing the research history of subject. Scientometrics 80:1 (2009), 91–102.
224. Zhu, J., Hua, W., Visualizing the knowledge domain of sustainable development research between 1987 and 2015: a bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics 110:2 (2017), 893–914.
225. Zygiaris, S., Smart city reference model: assisting planners to conceptualize the building of smart city innovation ecosystems. J. Knowl. Econ. 4:2 (2013), 217–231.